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Kelp is a traditional healthy food due to its high nutritional content; however, its relatively high contents of iodine and arsenic have raised concerns about its edible safety. This study explored the effects of different cooking treatments on the contents of iodine and arsenic in kelp, evaluated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iodine and arsenic in kelp using in vitro digestion, and compared the differences in the transport characteristics of iodine in kelp and KIO3 using a Caco-2 monolayer cell transport model. The results show that the content of target elements that reached systemic circulation could be reduced by cooking and gastrointestinal digestion. The highest reductions in iodine and arsenic were 94.4% and 74.7%, respectively, which were achieved by boiling for 10 min. The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iodine and arsenic were significantly improved by a cooking treatment. However, the contents of iodine and arsenic decreased significantly, with the bioaccessibility of iodine reducing from 3188.2 μg/L to 317.0 μg/L and that of arsenic reducing from 32.5 μg/L to 18.1 μg/L in the gastric phase after boiling. The findings also show that the efficiency of iodine transport in kelp and KIO3 was positively correlated with the transport time and negatively correlated with the concentration of iodine. With the increase in the iodine concentration, the rate of iodine transport in kelp decreased from 63.93% to 3.14%, but that of KIO3 was stable at around 35%, which indicates that the absorption efficiency of iodine from kelp was limited, even when too much kelp was ingested. In conclusion, the edible safety of kelp is significantly improved after cooking. The risk of excessive iodine and arsenic intake caused by consuming kelp is extremely low, and as an effective iodine supplement source, kelp has higher edible safety compared with KIO3. This study clarifies the safety of algae based on iodine and arsenic contents and also provides a basis for the formulation of food safety standards.

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various acupuncture treatments in conjunction with multimodal analgesia (MA) for managing postoperative pain and improving knee function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), based on the findings from clinical research indicating the potential benefits of acupuncture-related therapies in this context.MethodsWe searched Web of Science, PubMed, SCI-hub, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) to collect randomized controlled trials of acupuncture-related therapies for post-TKA pain. After independent screening and data extraction, the quality of the included literature was evaluated. The potential for bias in the studies incorporated in the analysis was assessed according to the guidelines outlined in the Cochrane Handbook 5.1. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software, with primary outcome measures including visual analog scale (VAS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS), and knee joint range of motion (ROM). Furthermore, the interventions were ranked based on the SUCRA value.ResultsWe conducted an analysis of 41 qualifying studies encompassing 3,003 patients, examining the efficacy of four acupuncture therapies (acupuncture ACU, electroacupuncture EA, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation TEAS, and auricular acupoint therapy AAT) in conjunction with multimodal analgesia (MA) and MA alone. The VAS results showed no significant difference in efficacy among the five interventions for VAS-3 score. However, TEAS+MA (SMD: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.01, 1.32) was more effective than MA alone for VAS-7 score. There was no significant difference in PPT score among the three interventions. ACU + MA (SMD: 6.45; 95%CI: 3.30, 9.60), EA + MA (SMD: 4.89; 95%CI: 1.46, 8.32), and TEAS+MA (SMD: 5.31; 95%CI: 0.85, 9.78) were found to be more effective than MA alone for HSS score. For ROM score, ACU + MA was more efficacious than EA + MA, TEAS+MA, and AAT + MA, MA. Regarding the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions, nausea and vomiting were more prevalent after using only MA. Additionally, the incidence of postoperative dizziness and drowsiness following ACU + MA (OR = 4.98; 95%CI: 1.01, 24.42) was observed to be higher compared to that after AAT + MA intervention. Similarly, the occurrence of dizziness and drowsiness after MA was found to be significantly higher compared to the following interventions: TEAS+MA (OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.70) and AAT + MA (OR = 0.20; 95%CI: 0.08, 0.50). The SUCRA ranking indicated that ACU + MA, EA + MA, TEAS+MA, and AAT + MA displayed superior SUCRA scores for each outcome index, respectively.ConclusionFor the clinical treatment of post-TKA pain, acupuncture-related therapies can be selected as a complementary and alternative therapy. EA + MA and TEAS+MA demonstrate superior efficacy in alleviating postoperative pain among TKA patients. ACU + MA is the optimal choice for promoting postoperative knee joint function recovery in TKA patients. AAT + MA is recommended for preventing postoperative adverse reactions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, identifier (CRD42023492859).

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) comprise a family of cell-surface carbohydrates that are considered norovirus-specific binding receptors or ligands. HBGA-like molecules have also been detected in oysters as common norovirus carriers, although the pathway involved in the synthesis of these molecules in oysters has yet to be elucidated. We isolated and identified a key gene involved in the synthesis of HBGA-like molecules, FUT1, from Crassostrea gigas, named CgFUT1. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that CgFUT1 mRNA was expressed in the mantle, gill, muscle, labellum, and hepatopancreatic tissues of C. gigas, with the hepatopancreas exhibiting the highest expression level. A recombinant CgFUT1 protein with a molecular mass of 38.0 kDa was expressed in Escherichia coli using a prokaryotic expression vector. A eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed and transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The expression of CgFUT1 and membrane localization of type H-2 HBGA-like molecules in CHO cells were detected using Western blotting and cellular immunofluorescence, respectively. This study indicated that CgFUT1, expressed in C. gigas tissues, can synthesize type H-2 HBGA-like molecules. This finding provides a new perspective for analyzing the source and synthetic pathway of HBGA-like molecules in oysters.

Objectives: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an international foodborne pathogen that has caused many human infection cases. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in V. parahaemolyticus strains can hinder the curative effect of antimicrobials. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the whole genome sequence of V. parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 from seafood and to explore the genetic mechanisms of AMR. Methods: The whole genome sequencing was performed using PacBio combined with Illumina platform. The antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected by Resistance Gene Identifier in the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database. The antimicrobial-resistant plasmid of Vp2015094 was compared with other similar plasmids from different sources. Results: Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 contained two chromosomes and two plasmids. ARGs were identified on chromosome and plasmid pVp94-1. Plasmid pVp94-1 carried tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetM, tetR, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3′')-Ib, aph(6)-Id), sulphonamide resistance genes (sul2), diaminopyrimidine resistance gene (dfrA6), fluoroquinolone resistance gene (qnrVC6), phenicol resistance gene (floR) and penam resistance gene (blaCARB-19), which were surrounded by transposase genes. Plasmid pVp94-1 was a conjugative plasmid with a high transfer frequency. Conclusion: Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 exhibited multi-antimicrobial resistance that was mediated by chromosome and plasmid. Plasmid and transposon were speculated to be responsible for the dissemination of ARGs. This study provided an understanding of the genetic mechanisms of AMR of V. parahaemolyticus from seafood, which needs continued monitoring.

Objective To analyze the virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of 140 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from shellfish collected from farms and markets. Methods Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by PCR amplification method, and antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion test. Results None of the 140 strains carried tdh gene, and trh gene was detected in one strain. All strains were resistant to ampicillin, some strains were resistant to cefazolin, cefuroxime sodium, streptomycin, amikacin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline and florfenicol. All strains were sensitive to cefepime, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, ofloxacin and doxycycline. Six strains showed multi-antimicrobial resistance to two or more categories of antimicrobials. The resistance genes strA and strB were detected in streptomycin resistant strains, tetA was detected in tetracycline resistant strains, sul2 was detected in sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistant strains, and floR was detected in florfenicol resistant strain. Conclusion Most of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains didn't carry virulence genes and showed antimicrobial resistance to a certain extent. Some strains had more than one antimicrobial resistance gene, which exhibited multi-antimicrobial resistance. These results indicated that enhancing the monitoring of pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products should be continued.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the representative end products under lipid peroxidation, indicating the degree of lipid oxidation in foods. However, compounds in pickled products, especially the nitrite in salted lean pork can react with MDA under the acidic condition, leads to the loss of MDA and an underestimation on lipid oxidation through the conventional assay. In this study, the quantification for MDA in the sample containing sodium nitrite were found lacking accuracy by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay and chromatography assay based on alkaline hydrolysis as the reaction between them were difficult to be completely inhibited. Among other trials, the improvement GC-MS analysis utilizing deuterium substituted MDA (MDA-d2) as an internal standard and applying perfluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH) as a derivative reagent can reduce the deviations from the presence of nitrite in the salted lean pork meat and the recovery is between 93.9% and 98.4% and coefficient of variation for the intermediate precision is between 1.1 and 3.5% using the method. The advanced gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) assay also has a very low detection limit (0.25 ng/mL) with both hydrolysis types.

Aims: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide, which can cause gastroenteritis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of quorum sensing system LuxS/AI-2-related gene luxS on the biological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 from shellfish, which carried a multi-antimicrobial-resistant plasmid. Methods and Results: The critical gene luxS related to the synthesis of AI-2 in V. parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 was knocked out by homologous recombination with suicide plasmid. The effect of luxS on the biological characteristics of V. parahaemolyticus was determined by comparing the growth, AI-2 activity, motility, biofilm formation ability, and antibiotic resistance between the wildtype strain and the luxS deletion mutant. Compared with wildtype strain, the production of AI-2, the motility and biofilm formation ability, antimicrobial resistance, and conjugation frequency of luxS deletion mutant strain were decreased. The transcriptome sequencing showed that the transcriptional levels of many genes related to motility, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and conjugation were significantly downregulated after luxS deletion. Conclusions: Quorum sensing system LuxS/AI-2-related gene luxS in V. parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 played an important role in growth characteristics, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and resistance genes’ transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bacteriophage (phage) SLMP1 to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium on contaminated raw salmon fillets and scallop adductors as a function of Salmonella inoculum level, phage dose, storage temperature, and storage time. Samples were inoculated with 102 and 104 CFU/g Salmonella and then treated with different concentrations of phage SLMP1, followed by incubation at 4, 15, and 25°C, respectively. The results showed that 108 PFU/g was the optimal concentration of phage for the control of Salmonella, which was applied in the following storage experiments over a 7-day period at 4°C, a 4-day period at 15°C, and a 2-day period at 25°C. For the salmon fillets samples, 102 CFU/g Salmonella could be reduced below the detection limit at all three temperatures, whereas 104 CFU/g Salmonella was first decreased and then increased at 15 and 25°C. For the scallop adductors samples, 102 CFU/g Salmonella could be reduced below the detection limit first and then increased after a certain period at 15 and 25°C. The variation trends of 104 CFU/g Salmonella in scallop adductors were similar to those in salmon fillets. The results also showed that the Salmonella counts of both inoculum levels on samples could be reduced below the detection limit or maintained at a low level by phage SLMP1 during storage at 4°C. Phage SLMP1 remained stable on raw salmon fillets and scallop adductors. This study indicated that phage SLMP1 has potential effectiveness as a biocontrol agent of Salmonella in seafood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay that incorporated immunomagnetic beads (IMS/RT-PCR) coated with a monoclonal antibody (Mab) for the separation and detection of noroviruses (NVs, genogroup II) in oysters. Mab-coated beads and polyclonal antibody (Pab)-coated beads were added to oyster extracts containing a series of tenfold dilution of NVs-positive fecal extracts. The oyster extracts were also treated with Proteinase K method. RNA was extracted and used as template for RT-PCR. Mab-based IMS/RT-PCR could detecte 10 RT PCR unit in oyster homogenate, it was 10 times more sensitive than Pab-based IMSIRT-PCR, and 10² times more sensitive than proteinase KIRT-PCR. Analysis of 473 oysters showed that Mab-based IMS/RTPCR has the highest percentage of positive samples (5.29%), followed by Pab-based IMS/RT-PCR (3.81%), and proteinase KIRT-PCR (2.11%). Mab-based IMS/RT-PCR is a sensitive method for the detection of NVs in oysters and could be a good candidate for routine screening and risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]