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Fipronil (FIP), a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide, is highly toxic and threatens human health and ecological balance. Developing convenient, rapid, portable analytical technology for on-site and high-frequency testing of FIP is essential to reduce its damage. Herein, a monoclonal antibody (Clone F-3F6) against FIP, with high affinity and specificity, was produced using a novel immunogen, FIP-BSA, which was simply and directly synthesized by conjugating FIP with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Among the previously reported antibodies, F-3F6 acts more specifically against FIP. The FIP metabolites fipronil desulfinyl, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil sulfone showed lower cross-reactivity, and other pesticides were not recognized. To achieve high-frequency and on-site measurements of FIP, an evanescent wave fluorescence biosensor was built by integrating evanescent wave fluorescence technology, a functionalized fiber bioprobe, and a fluorescence-labeled F-3F6 antibody. The detection limit of FIP was 0.032 μg/L. The detection results of real milk and water samples showed that all the coefficients of variation were less than 10%, and the recovery ranged from 90 to 120%. The high reusability and stability of functionalized fiber bioprobe enables the accurate, cost-effective, high-frequency, and facile quantitative detection of FIP. This highly specific and reliable evanescent wave fluorescence biosensor will be well suited to the sensitive and high-frequency on-site analysis of only FIP in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are considered a health threat worldwide, and this problem is set to increase over the decades. The ESKAPE, a group of six pathogens including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. is the major source of concern due to their high death incidence and nosocomial acquired infection. Host defence peptides (HDPs) are a class of ribosomally synthesised peptides that have shown promising results in combating MDR, including the ESKAPE group, in- and outside bacterial biofilms. However, their poor pharmacokinetics in physiological mediums may impede HDPs from becoming viable clinical candidates. To circumvent this problem, chemical engineering of HDPs has been seen as an emergent approach to not only improve their pharmacokinetics but also their efficacy against pathogens. In this review, we explore several chemical modifications of HDPs that have shown promising results, especially against ESKAPE pathogens, and provide an overview of the current findings with respect to each modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing (AM) of porous tantalum scaffolds receives extensive attention because the demands for tantalum implants grow rapidly. Understanding the effects of unit cell topology on the mechanical properties of porous tantalum scaffold structures is critical for durable implant design, but it is still lacking. Herein, porous tantalum structures with two types of unit cells (body‐centered cubic [BCC] and body‐centered cubic deformation [BCC‐D]) are additively manufactured with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The geometric characteristics and mechanical properties of the manufactured structures are comparatively studied. It is found that the mechanical properties of BCC porous tantalum in the building and horizontal directions are discovered to be nearly identical, with elastic modulus and yield strength of nearly 1.9 GPa and 56 MPa, respectively. Unit cell topology dominates the mechanical anisotropy and compressive failure mode of porous tantalum. The mechanical properties of the BCC‐D topology are anisotropic, and the fracture morphology indicates that it is a cleavage fracture and a minor ductile fracture. The capacity to finely control the mechanical properties of porous tantalum structure through unit cell topology is prominent for optimizing implant structure for personalized medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purposeof Review: The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the pegilodecakin (PEGylated interleukin 10) and its role in the inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis. This review also focuses on clinical data published to date that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of pegilodecakin. Recent Findings: Pegilodecakin has shown significant promise in preclinical models, notable for decreased tumour burden and fewer sites of metastatic disease across various malignancies. It has been most widely assessed in a phase I/Ib clinical trial against several solid tumours, leading to the phase II and III clinical trials containing pegilodecakin and its combination with other current treatments. However, the updated data have not shown higher efficacy in renal cell carcinoma, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer or pancreatic cancer, with respect to the controls, yet the adverse events presented more mixed results. Further investigation into combination therapies including pegilodecakin is ongoing. Summary: Pegilodecakin showed promise in preclinical and phase I clinical trials on its efficacy in several solid tumours, with expected regulation of IL-10 signalling pathway observed. However, the phase II and III trials did not justify its application as potential immunotherapy in selected cancers. Further evaluation of pegilodecakin's efficacy in other cancers, either as monotherapy or in combination with the current treatments, is worth investigating clinically, which warrants to better understand its potential clinical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Cancer immunotherapy has been enabled by immune checkpoint blockade, but is ineffective in many patients, mainly due to the high complexity of the immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, with a murine transplantable tumour model, we demonstrate that host-defence caerin 1.1/1.9 peptides can alter the macrophages in the TME from immunosuppressive to immune active phenotypes, which appeared consistent with the macrophages observed at early-stage cervical cancer patients. The modulated macrophages by caerin 1.1/1.9 show significant activation of Type I interferons response and Stat1 signalling, rendering animals resistant to further tumour challenges. Our results indicate that caerin 1.1 and 1.9 treatment may enhance the efficacy of current immunotherapy modalities. Macrophages are one of the essential components of the tumour microenvironment (TME) of many cancers and show complex heterogeneity and functions. More recent research has been focusing on the characterisation of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). Previously, our study demonstrated that caerin 1.1/1.9 peptides significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of combined specific immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in a murine transplantable tumour model (TC-1). In this study, the mice inoculated with TC-1 tumour were immunised differently. The TAMs were isolated using flow cytometry and characterised by cytokine ELISA. The survival rates of mice with different treatments containing caerin 1.1/19 were assessed comparatively, including those with/without macrophage depletion. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of previous studies were integrated to further reveal the functions of TAMs with the treatments containing caerin 1.1/1.9. As a comparison, the TAMs of stage I and II cervical cancer patients were analysed using scRNA-seq analysis. We demonstrate that caerin induced tumour clearance is associated with infiltration of tumours by IL-12 secreting Ly6C+F4/80+ macrophages exhibiting enhanced IFN-α response signalling, renders animals resistant to further tumour challenge, which is lost after macrophage depletion. Our results indicate that caerin 1.1/1.9 treatment has great potential in improving current immunotherapy efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caerin 1.9 is a natural peptide derived from the skin secretions of the Australian tree frog (Litoria) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer bioactivity. It improves the efficacy of a therapeutic vaccine and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy when injected intratumorally and inhibits TC-1 tumor growth when applied topically through intact skin in a TC-1 murine tumor model. This paper investigated the pharmaceutical kinetic profile, the tissue distribution, and the acute safety investigation of Caerin 1.9 peptide in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that subcutaneous injection of Caerin 1.9 at 100 mg/kg is safe and does not cause mortality or organ malfunction in the recipient rats. For the consecutive injection of F3 at 10 mg/kg, the peak concentration (Cmax) of F3 displayed at 1 hr after injection in male rats was 591 ng/mL, the average drug retention time was 0.807 hr, T1/2 was 4.58 hr, and AUC0-last was 1890 h × ng/mL. In female rats, Cmax was 256 ng/mL, with an average drug retention time of 2.96 hr, T1/2 of 1.33 hr, and AUC0-last of 740 h × ng/mL. The results showed that the concentration of Caerin 1.9 in the peripheral blood peaked at 1 hour. As injected concentration increased, T1/2 extended, and Cmax, AUC0-last, and volume of distribution at a steady state all increased. After 14 days of repeated subcutaneous injection at 10.0 mg/kg, no accumulation of Caerin 1.9 in plasma was observed. The results of tissue distribution showed that the Caerin 1.9 is below the LC-MS/MS detection threshold at a minimum concentration of 40 ng/g. In conclusion, Caerin 1.9 is well tolerated in rats and could be used with current immunotherapies for better management of solid tumors and genital warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoacoustic instability and lean blowout are monitored in propane/air flames in a swirl-stabilized combustor using a novel tunable diode-laser sensor for gas temperature using wavelength-scanned laser absorption of two neighboring water vapor transitions near 1.4 [micro]m. Although the gas composition and temperature are not uniform along the sensor line of sight, temperature oscillations and fluctuations are clearly identified in the fast Fourier transform power spectra of the time-resolved data. Detailed experiments are conducted to optimize the position of the sensor line of sight in the flame for thermoacoustic instability and lean-blowout sensing. The output of the sensor is used to suppress the thermoacoustic oscillations in a phase-delay feedback control system, and acoustic modulation of the intake air flow suppresses the temperature oscillations by more than 7 dB. The low-frequency temperature fluctuations measured by the tunable diode-laser sensor increase sharply as the flame approaches lean blowout. The intensity of these low-frequency fluctuations is used to detect the proximity to lean blowout and can be used as a control variable for active lean blowout suppression without knowing the lean-blowout fuel/air ratio limit. The tunable diode-laser sensor results are compared with traditional pressure and emission sensors, and the tunable diode-laser sensor is found to offer several advantages, including better spatial resolution and insensitivity to background acoustic noise and flame emissions. DOI: 10.2514/1.24774

Tunable diode laser absorption measurements at high pressures by use of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy (WMS) require large modulation depths for optimum detection of molecular absorption spectra blended by collisional broadening or dense spacing of the rovibrational transitions. Diode lasers have a large and nonlinear intensity modulation when the wavelength is modulated over a large range by injection-current tuning. In addition to this intensity modulation, other laser performance parameters are measured, including the phase shift between the frequency modulation and the intensity modulation. Following published theory, these parameters are incorporated into an improved model of the WMS signal. The influence of these nonideal laser effects is investigated by means of wavelength-scanned WMS measurements as a function of bath gas pressure on rovibrational transitions of water vapor near 1388 nm. Lock-in detection of the magnitude of the 2f signal is performed to remove the dependence on detection phase. We find good agreement between measurements and the improved model developed for the 2f component of the WMS signal. The effects of the nonideal performance parameters of commercial diode lasers are especially important away from the line center of discrete spectra, and these contributions become more pronounced for 2f signals with the large modulation depths needed for WMS at elevated pressures. OCIS codes: 120.0120, 120.1740, 300.0300, 300.1030, 300.6260, 300.6380.

Antibiotic resistance-related bacterial infections and cancers become huge challenges in human health in the 21st century. A number of naturally derived antimicrobial peptides possess multiple functions in host defense, including anti-infective and anticancer activities. One of which is known as the caerin 1 family peptides. The microbicidal properties of these peptides have been long discussed. The recent studies also established the usage of two members in this family, caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9, in antimultiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria species. It is increasingly evident that caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9 also contain additional activities in the suppression of tumor. In this review, we briefly outline the therapeutic potentials and possible mechanism of action of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 in the treatment of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection and cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensorineural hearing loss is a common sensory impairment in humans caused by abnormalities in the inner ear. The stria vascularis is regarded as a major cochlear structure that can independently degenerate and influence the degree of hearing loss. This review summarizes the current literature on the role of the stria vascularis in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss resulting from different etiologies, focusing on both molecular events and signaling pathways, and further attempts to explore the underlying mechanisms at the cellular and molecular biological levels. In addition, the deficiencies and limitations of this field are discussed. With the rapid progress in scientific technology, new opportunities are arising to fully understand the role of the stria vascularis in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss, which, in the future, will hopefully lead to the prevention, early diagnosis, and improved treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of topical cream drugs that increase the immune activation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes against tumour and chronic viral infection-associated lesions is of great immunotherapeutic significance. This study demonstrates that the topical application of a temperature-sensitive gel containing caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides reduces nearly 50% of the tumour weight of HPV16 E6/E7-transformed TC-1 tumour-bearing mice via improving the tumour microenvironment. Confocal microscopy confirms the time-dependent penetration of caerin 1.9 through the epidermal layer of the ear skin structure of mice. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis shows that the caerin 1.1/1.9 gel expands the populations with high immune activation level and largely stimulates the pro-inflammatory activity of NK and dendritic cells. Closely associated with INFα response, Cebpb seems to play a key role in altering the function of all Arg1hi macrophages in the caerin group. In addition, the caerin gel treatment recruits almost two-fold more activated CD8+ T cells to the TME, relative to the untreated tumour, which shows a synergistic effect derived from the regulation of S1pr1, Ccr7 , Ms4a4b and Gimap family expression. The TMT10plex-labelling proteomic quantification further demonstrates the activation of interferon-alpha/beta secretion and response to cytokine stimulus by the caerin gel, while the protein contents of several key regulators were elevated by more than 30%, such as Cd5l , Gzma , Ifit1 , Irf9 and Stat1. Computational integration of the proteome with the single-cell transcriptome consistently suggested greater activation of NK and T cells with the topical application of caerin peptide gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Developing a vaccine formula that alters the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes to be more immune active against a tumor is key to the improvement of clinical responses to immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that, in conjunction with E7 antigen‐specific immunotherapy, and IL‐10 and PD‐1 blockade, intratumoral administration of caerin 1.1/1.9 peptides improves TC‐1 tumor microenvironment (TME) to be more immune active than injection of a control peptide. Methods: We compared the survival time of vaccinated TC‐1 tumor‐bearing mice with PD‐1 and IL‐10 blockade, in combination with a further injection of caerin 1.1/1.9 or control peptides. The tumor‐infiltrating haematopoietic cells were examined by flow cytometry. Single‐cell transcriptomics and proteomics were used to quantify changes in cellular activity across different cell types within the TME. Results: The injection of caerin 1.1/1.9 increased the efficacy of vaccinated TC‐1 tumor‐bearing mice with anti‐PD‐1 treatment and largely expanded the populations of macrophages and NK cells with higher immune activation level, while reducing immunosuppressive macrophages. More activated CD8+ T cells were induced with higher populations of memory and effector‐memory CD8+ T subsets. Computational integration of the proteome with the single‐cell transcriptome supported activation of Stat1‐modulated apoptosis and significant reduction in immune‐suppressive B‐cell function following caerin 1.1 and 1.9 treatment. Conclusions: Caerin 1.1/1.9‐containing treatment results in improved antitumor responses. Harnessing the novel candidate genes preferentially enriched in the immune active cell populations may allow further exploration of distinct macrophages, T cells and their functions in TC‐1 tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) related tumours account for a significant proportion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) in developed countries. They respond better to chemo- and radio-therapy, and have a better stage specific prognosis. To establish their prevalence in China, we assessed a series of histology confirmed HNSCCs collected in Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces by PCR for HPV DNA and by immunohistochemistry for p16 protein status. Among 303 HNSCCs, HPV DNA was detected in 26.4%, with HPV16 DNA in 71% of these. Of HNSCC located in the oropharynx, 38.55% (32/83) were HPV+ve. In this series, p16 status was a relatively poor predictor of HPV status as detected by PCR. The stage specific survival time of HPV+ HNSCCs was significantly longer than for HPV- HNSCC. HPV status should be assessed for oropharyngeal cancers in China to assist with appropriate management, and prophylaxis against HPV infection should be considered to reduce the incidence of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blocking cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) at the time of immunisation enhances vaccine induced T cell responses and improves control of tumour cell growth in vivo. However, the effect of an IL-10 blockade on the biological function of macrophages has not been explored. In the current paper, a macrophage precursor cell line, U937 cells, was selected to investigate the differential expression of proteins and relevant cell signalling pathway changes, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of antibodies to IL-10 or IL-10 receptor. We used a quantitative proteomic strategy to investigate variations in protein profiles of U937 cells following the treatments with LPS, LPS plus human anti-IL10 antibody and anti-IL10R antibody in 24hrs, respectively. The LPS treatment significantly activated actin-related cell matrix formation and immune response pathways. The addition of anti-IL10 and anti-IL10R antibody further promoted the immune response and potentially effect macrophage survival through PI3K/AKT signalling; however, the latter appeared to also upregulated oncogene XRCC5 and Cajal body associated processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, the clinical applications of platinum-based drugs are greatly limited by the side-effects, lack of selectivity, fast blood clearance, and intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. In this study, we report an anticancer drug delivery system based on phenanthriplatin(iv) (Phen-Pt(iv))-conjugated NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles. The upconversion luminescent NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles (UCNPs) were further modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and the cancer targeting ligand arginine–glycine–aspartic peptide (RGD), resulting in the formation of water-dispersible and biologically functionalized UCNP@PEI–Phen-Pt–PEG–RGD nanoparticles. The Phen-Pt-conjugated UCNP@PEI–Phen-Pt–PEG–RGD nanoparticles exhibited an obvious cytotoxic effect on Hep-2 cells (Human Laryngeal Carcinoma cell line) via MTT assay. Meanwhile, the endocytosis process of Phen-Pt-conjugated NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles by Hep-2 cells was demonstrated through flow cytometry and ICP-MS. In addition, the upconversion luminescence image of UCNP@PEI–Phen-Pt–PEG–RGD taken up by cells shows green emission under 980 nm infrared laser excitation, making the UCNP@PEI–Phen-Pt–PEG–RGD nanocomposites promising candidates as bioimaging agents. Moreover, these UCNPs were further explored for in vitro and in vivo T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The in vivo experiments on mice also confirmed that the Phen-Pt(iv)-conjugated nanoparticles have a relatively high tumor inhibition rate. These results indicate that the multifunctional nanoparticles can be expected to be a platform for simultaneous imaging and cancer therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic induction-free abrasive wire sawing is a hybrid process that applies a homogeneous magnetic field to transport more abrasives into the sawing channel. This causes the performance of wire sawing significantly improved. Magnetic field strength is a key factor in determining the magnetic force acting on the magnetic abrasives, then affecting the quantity of abrasives adsorbed on the saw wire surface. However, the background magnetic induction strength produced by two permanent magnets is limited in this process. To further investigate the influence of magnetic field strength on the wire sawing performance, a magnetic system, which is based on the magnetic circuit design principle and the structure of single-wire sawing machine, is designed and fabricated. The magnetic field characteristics of the designed magnetic system are investigated both by numerical simulations and experiments. An experimental setup that installs the fabricated magnetic system on the single-wire sawing machine is built to conduct the magnetic induction-wire sawing experiments. The results show that the optimal magnetic induction strength is aboutB0 = 135 mT. In this case, the kerf loss is decreased by 10% compared to the free abrasive wire sawing technology without a magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A low-surface-area nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterial was prepared via a facile annealing method, which shows good Na-ion storage ability (334 mA g−1) and coulombic efficiency due to its mixed charge–discharge mechanism and unique structural features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) metals are lightweight metals. With the increasing application of light metal products, the production of light metal is increasingly attracting the attentions of researchers worldwide. To obtain a better understanding of the deformation mechanism of HCP metals (especially for Mg and its alloys), a new constitutive analysis was carried out based on previous research. In this study, combining the theories of strain gradient and continuum mechanics, the equal channel angular pressing process is analyzed and a HCP crystal plasticity constitutive model is developed especially for Mg and its alloys. The influence of elevated temperature on the deformation mechanism of the Mg alloy (slip and twin) is novelly introduced into a crystal plasticity constitutive model. The solution for the new developed constitutive model is established on the basis of the Lagrangian iterations and Newton Raphson simplification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new shaded-pole main exciter (ME) with additional short-circuited coils for aircraft three-stage starter–generator (SG) is proposed and investigated. The basic structure, winding configurations, operating principle, and start system structure of the presented shaded-pole ME are illustrated in detail. The comparative study between the original ME and the shaded-pole ME with respect to the starting mode performances is conducted by 2-D finite-element method (FEM). A prototype SG with original ME has been developed, and the experimental results are essentially consistent with the simulation results by the FEM utilized in the predictions in this paper. Simulation data and waveforms verify that the proposed shaded-pole ME is a good candidate for aircraft machines to satisfy the dual function of starter and generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dominant method to cut brittle materials is using fixed-abrasive wire saw slicing. This paper investigates the mechanism of pneumatic conveying diamond grains in the process of manufacturing diamond wire saws. Based on the theories of gas–solid two-phase flow, a mathematical model is developed for the process of diamond grains embedding into the metal-covered wire with resin. The model is divided into five stages for insights into the action of diamond grains. Then the embedding rate is calculated. From the experiments, we can compare the theoretical analysis and practical results of the embedding depth of diamond grains under different pressures in a three-dimensional microscopy experimental setup. With the present mathematical model, it is feasible to produce diamond wires by the method of pneumatic conveying diamond grains with the help of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recently, many deep learning methods have been successfully used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) using brain imaging. However, structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) of AD detects relatively small lesion areas, and it is difficult to distinguish the early lesions. These factors make it difficult to extract the key features in the subtle regions for discrimination in many studies. To address these issues, an attention-based and micro designed EfficientNetB2 (EB2) approach is proposed in this study to classify AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal control (NC). First, the front portion of the EB2 uses a global attention mechanism (GAM) to improve the classification results by capturing significant features in three dimensions. Next, coordination attention (CA) was added to the EB2 model. The CA can automatically extract channel and location information from the sMRI two-dimensional slice data. The location information is critical for constructing spatial attention maps that help the model to identify the lesion areas accurately, thereby helping the model to extract features that are useful for classification. Finally, the model uses the micro design (MD) method of the ConvNeXt network, which investigates the effect of activation function and batch normalization layer on the model at the microscopic scale. MD can reduce the model complexity while improving classification ability considerably. The accuracy of the proposed method is 93.30%, 92.42% and 92.03% for AD/NC, AD/MCI and MCI/NC dichotomous data, respectively. Finally, the proposed method outperforms the existing convolutional neural networks, such as AlexNet, GoogleNet, MobileNetV2, MobileNetV3, and DenseNet. • Propose an attentional micro-design EB2 for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. • Utilize GAM retains more global lesion information in the front part of the model. • CA helps the model in extracting the key feature information in the discriminant area. • The MD mechanism can reduce the model complexity and improve its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High-resolution absorption lineshapes of two H2O transitions near 7185.60 and 7154.35cm−1 have been recorded in a heated static cell as a function of temperature (296–1100K) and pressure (6–830Torr) using two distributed-feedback diode lasers. The measured absorption spectra are least squares fit to both Voigt and Galatry profiles. Strong collisional-narrowing effects are observed in the Ar-broadened H2O spectra at near-atmospheric pressure due to the relatively weak collisional broadening induced by Ar–H2O collisions, while collisional narrowing is not significant for pure H2O absorption lineshapes. Line strengths and self-broadening coefficients are inferred from the pure H2O absorption spectra and compared with published data. Temperature dependences of the Ar-induced broadening, narrowing, and shift coefficients are determined using Galatry fits to the absorption data. The measured collisional-narrowing parameters have similar temperature dependence to the collisional-broadening coefficients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Magnetic induction-free abrasive wire sawing is a hybrid process that introduces the high gradient magnetic field into traditional free abrasive wire sawing technology. A ferromagnetic saw wire is magnetized by the external uniform magnetic field, and it then generates a high gradient magnetic field around itself. Magnetic abrasive particles are attracted to the surface of the wire by the magnetic force, which leads to more abrasive particles in the sawing channel. This novel method effectively improves the utilizing rate of abrasive particles and is helpful to improve the wire sawing performance. In this study, the formation mechanism of the magnetic abrasive particle layer on the surface of saw wire is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on force analysis of the magnetic abrasive particle on the wire surface, a mathematical model for analyzing the formation mechanism of the magnetic abrasive particle layer is presented and studied by the numerical analysis software MATLAB. An experimental platform utilizing a high-speed camera is constructed to observe the formation of the magnetic abrasive particle layer on the wire. The experimental results reveal that the magnetized wire can adsorb lots of magnetic abrasive particles, thus leading to the formation of a magnetic abrasive particle layer. The shape of the magnetic abrasive particle layer approximates to an annular sector. Moreover, the thickness of the magnetic abrasive particle layer increases as the external uniform magnetic field strength increases. The experimental results verify the theoretical results. The present model is applied to study the formation mechanism of the magnetic abrasive particle layer on the surface of saw wire in magnetic induction-free abrasive wire sawing in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]