1. The Effects of Cholera Toxin on Cellular Energy Metabolism
- Author
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David E. Cliffel, Jennifer R. McKenzie, Eugene Kozlov, Rachel M. Snider, John P. Wikswo, and Lewis J. Kraft
- Subjects
Cholera Toxin ,Anaerobic respiration ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Adenylate kinase ,Biology ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cyclase ,PC12 Cells ,Article ,forskolin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,multianalyte ,Oxygen Consumption ,medicine ,Cyclic AMP ,Animals ,Lactic Acid ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Forskolin ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Cholera toxin ,PC-12 ,Metabolism ,Brefeldin A ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Rats ,microphysiometry ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Cellular energy ,Energy Metabolism ,metabolism - Abstract
Multianalyte microphysiometry, a real-time instrument for simultaneous measurement of metabolic analytes in a microfluidic environment, was used to explore the effects of cholera toxin (CTx). Upon exposure of CTx to PC-12 cells, anaerobic respiration was triggered, measured as increases in acid and lactate production and a decrease in the oxygen uptake. We believe the responses observed are due to a CTx-induced activation of adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP production and resulting in a switch to anaerobic respiration. Inhibitors (H-89, brefeldin A) and stimulators (forskolin) of cAMP were employed to modulate the CTx-induced cAMP responses. The results of this study show the utility of multianalyte microphysiometry to quantitatively determine the dynamic metabolic effects of toxins and affected pathways.
- Published
- 2010