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Hole mobility is critical to the power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Organic small‐molecule hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) have attracted considerable interest in PSCs due to their structural flexibility and operational durability, but they suffer from modest hole mobility. On the other hand, inorganic HTMs with good hole mobility are inflexible in structural variation and exhibit unsatisfactory cell efficiency. In this study, a ligand BT28 and its zinc‐based coordination complex BTZ30 were synthesized, characterized, and investigated as HTMs for PSC applications. The mixed‐halide perovskites can be grown uniformly with large crystalline grains on both HTMs, which exhibit similar optical and electrochemical properties. However, it was discovered that the BTZ30‐based solar cell exhibited an open‐circuit voltage of 1.0817 V and a high short‐circuit current density of 23.1392 mA cm−2 with a champion power conversion efficiency of close to 20 %. The performance difference between the two HTMs can be attributed to the difference in their hole mobilities, which is 63.31 % higher for BTZ30 than BT28. The comparison of non‐metal and metal HTMs revealed the importance of considering hybrid structures to overcome some shortcomings associated with organic and inorganic HTMs and achieve high‐performance PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hole‐transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provides an ideal interface with the perovskite layer for hole collection while influencing the perovskite crystalline structure and morphology. This article presents SIM and DIM, two new dopant‐free imidazolium‐based HTMs with charged units accompanied by counter ions that show the potential to function as ionic HTMs and ionic liquid additives and help improve the efficiency and stability of inverted PSCs. DIM‐based PSCs demonstrates exceptional performance with a high‐power conversion efficiency of 19.15%, attributed to improved passivation of perovskite interface defects. Furthermore, these new imidazolium salt‐based HTMs can be manufactured economically, making them a viable option for mass production and PSC commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the operating mechanisms of perovskite solar cells, hole-transporting materials (HTMs) facilitate directional charge transfer and electron blocking. In addition, HTMs are also important in forming the perovskite layers for inverted perovskite solar cells, improving device efficiency. We present a method for increasing efficiency by ionizing HTMs, introducing defect-passivating abilities, improved interfacial properties, and ideal surface topographies. Compared to their non-ionized counterpart, the ionic HTMs have well-matched energy levels and smooth perovskite layers, resulting in higher short-circuit current densities. These experimental findings are corroborated by atomistic first principle electronic structure calculations of model perovskite systems. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative study of different ionizing counter anions for HTMs. The iodide-based ionic HTM, PMO-I, has a maximum efficiency of 20.46%, 1.71% higher than that of the non-ionic HTM, PMO (18.75%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]