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The results of a pilot study of the serum marker of cardiac damage sST2 in patients with chronic generalized sarcoidosis are presented. Correlations between the activity of sarcoidosis, sST2 levels and the risk of developing heart failure have been demonstrated.

The article describes major milestones in acknowledgment of pathophysiological relationship between heart and kidneys since Ancient Egypt till our time and history of term cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). First references about kidney and heart functions could be dated to 13 BC when Hippocrates mentioned them. In the XIV century Gentile da Foligno proposed a hypothesis about functional interconnection between heart and kidneys. In the XVIII century Richard Bright described the link between myocardial hypertrophy and kidneys diseases. Frederic Justin Collet was the first one who used the term cardiorenal in his article in 1903. In Russia, I.I. Stolnikov conducted his experiments about myocardial hypertrophy and kidneys ischemia in 1880. Famous Russian internist, E.M. Tareev, devoted several paragraphs to cardiorenal interactions in his fundamental manuals Anemia in Brights disease (1929) and Hypertension (1948). The research on this topic was continued by Tareevs followers: N.A. Mukhin, V.S. Moiseev, more recent successors Zh.D. Kobalava, S.V. Moiseev, V.V. Fomin, S.V. Villevalde and others. Their contribution resulted in development of first Russian clinical guidelines on cardio and nephroprotection in CRS in 2014. In 2008 consensus of Acute Disease Quality Initiative summarized current experience on CRS. Today, research on controversial classification questions, biomarkers and other aspects of CRS continues.

Rheumatoid factor became the first laboratory marker of rheumatoid arthritis and one of the first serological markers used to recognize the major autoimmune diseases. Details of the discovery with special regard to contribution of E. Waaler and H. Rose are presented in this historical review. Same assays used to exam the rheumatoid factor, its frequency and modern view on diagnostic significance in different diseases are described in this article.

The article presents an historical analysis of publications devoted lead intoxication to kidney damage developing during contact with lead. It is shown that one of the manifestations of occupational intoxication with this metal can be toxic nephropathy.

Aim to study the manifestation of situational anxiety symptoms in medical personnel working on the front lines with patients with COVID-19, and medical personnel working in other areas of medicine, in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Material and methods. The survey and analysis were conducted among the following groups: Group 1 medical workers of COVID-19 specialty hospitals providing medical care to patients with COVID-19 (n=201); Group 2 medical workers of multidisciplinary hospitals providing medical care in their main profile, working in the "normal mode" and periodically identifying patients with the disease of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 (n=195); Group 3 outpatient medical workers providing medical care in conditions of an increased epidemic threshold for SARS, influenza and a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 (n=186). The control group included employees of engineering, technical and economic specialties, not related to the work in medical organizations (healthy). To study the components of situational anxiety in medical workers, the methodology "Use of the Integrative Anxiety Test (ITT)" was used. Results. For all components, the indicators were significantly higher in the group of medical workers of COVID-19 hospitals compared to other groups. Among healthcare workers in COVID-19 hospitals, the index of "alarming assessment of prospects" prevails. In medical workers of multidisciplinary hospitals, the "asthenic component" indicator prevails. Among outpatient medical workers, the "phobic component" indicator prevails.

Background. The article presents data on the state of cytokine regulation, indicators of endothelial damage when exposed to industrial vibration (general, local) and in combination with arterial hypertension. Aim. To improve the quality of early diagnosis and prevention of vibration disease in an isolated course and its combination with arterial hypertension based on a study of the cytokine profile, biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in this pathology. Materials and methods. A comprehensive survey of 84 patients with isolated vibration disease from the effects of local, general, first, second degree and 61 patients with a combined course of vibration disease from the effects of local, general second degree vibration and arterial hypertension, 30 people in the control group without contact with industrial vibration and found healthy by medical examination. The levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-8, TNF-) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4), biomarkers of endothelial damage (EDN-1, TGF-1, VEGF-A, PDGF-BB, fibronectin, Willebrand factor) were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Results. The response of the immune system to the effects of industrial vibration is characterized by a cytokine imbalance an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-8, TNF-) and a decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4). With a combined course of vibratory disease and arterial hypertension, the cytokine imbalance is characterized by an even more significant increase in serum IL-1, IL-8, TNF- and a decrease in serum IL-4 concentration. Endothelial dysfunction with WB from the action of both local and general vibration in combination with hypertension is characterized by a significant increase in serum EDN-1, TGF-1, VEGF-A, PDGF-BB, fibronectin, Willebrand factor. Conclusion. The study of the cytokine profile, biomarkers of damage to the vascular endothelium in this pathology will allow for the early diagnosis of vascular disorders and to optimize preventive measures for workers in vibration-hazardous industries.

Modern view on pathogenesis of immunoglobulin (Ig)A-nephropathy and possible relation to intestinal MALT-system activity is presented in the article. Aberrant glycosylation of IgA and increased association of IgA-nephropathy with intestinal diseases or abnormal intestinal permeability are discussed in details. Based on supposed entero-renal pathogenesis of the disease future treatment modalities are considered. Relevant worlds literature is cited.

Osteoarthritis is a common pathology, which indicates the great medical and social significance of this disease. The article discusses the issues of pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnosis of professional and professionally caused osteoarthritis: the age of onset of the disease, the specifics of work, the localization of joint damage. Differential diagnosis issues are discussed.

Background. Exposure to physical and chemical work-related hazards can lead to an impairment of reproductive function, gynecological diseases and a pregnancy course worsening. Aim to determine methods of prevention and treatment of occupational disorders of the reproductive system in women and men who deals with harmful labour conditions. Outcomes and methods. To write this review a search for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 2-15 years was conducted. The review includes articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. Evaluation of a relationship and its degree between a reproductive system diseases and workplace conditions showed that women working in harmful conditions (class 3.1-3.3) had complications of pregnancy and childbirth disorders which were to a high or medium degree related to their labour conditions. Newborns’ health disorders were assessed as a category of very high degree relationships with the mother’s work. Thus the fact that maternal occupational risks induce a child’s health disorders can be considered as fundamentally proven. This study data showed that occupations of high risk of a reproductive health disorders include female workers who work in conditions of class 3 of the 2nd degree of harm. Conclusions. Obstetrician-gynecologists, occupational physicians who work as part of medical commissions for preliminary and periodic medical examinations as well as obstetrician-gynecologists who deals with women of reproductive age in women’s consultation clinic and reproductive health centers (including those planning childbearing) need to make decisions strictly according to legal and regulatory acts on health protection of employees who work under arduous and harmful labour conditions, and above all to consider on maintenance of their reproductive function.

Objective: to study the incidence rates of angina, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and the frequency of endovascular interventions in patients with systemic vasculitides, and the incidence rate of atherosclerosis according to autopsy data. Subjects and methods. Three hundred and twenty-one patients with systemic vasculitides: Wegener's granulomatosis (n = 138), Takayasu's arteritis (n = 79), polyarteritis nodosum (n = 55), and Churg-Strauss syndrome (n = 49) were examined; 55 autopsies were analyzed in patients with the above diseases. Results. Fifty-one (15.6%) of the 321 patients were diagnosed as having cardiovascular diseases (CVD): angina pectoris (7.1%) and MI (3.1%) and endovascular interventions (0.9%). The risk of cardiovascular events was found to be associated with traditional risk factors, such as male gender and age. Arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and increased serum creatinine were more frequently detected in the CVD group that showed no significant differences from the non-CVD group. According to autopsy results, atherosclerosis was identified in the patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (52%), Takayasu's arteritis (50%), polyarteritis nodosum (52.6%), and Churg-Strauss syndrome (57.1%). Conclusion. CVD and atherosclerosis are common in systemic vasculitides, which requires the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis to be actively corrected.