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Researchers have suggested that case library learning is an effective instructional method that promotes argumentation skills for ill-structured problem-solving. However, little research has examined scaffolding strategies to implement effective case library learning. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of indexing prompts as scaffolds on argumentation skills during problem-solving in case library learning. A quasi-experimental design was employed for the research. A total of 111 first-year students in a university across three sections in a career development course participated in the experiment. Participants were provided with three different indexing prompts: explanation-based indexing prompts (focused on self-explaining anomalies of individual cases), difference-based indexing prompts (focused on self-explaining similarities and differences between cases), and no prompts (allowing spontaneous self-explanations when studying cases). Learners' argumentation essays comprising initial arguments, counterarguments, and rebuttals were collected. The results found that learners who were prompted to generate mental indices outperformed the learners in the control group when constructing argumentation. More specifically, explanation-based indices were beneficial in making counterarguments and rebuttals, and difference-based indices were helpful when making rebuttals. These findings suggest that indexing cases based on both exploration of the anomalies of each case and comparisons between cases improves argumentation by facilitating case retention, retrieval, and reuse.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify latent classes of work values that influence the career choices of Korean workers through a person-centred approach. Because work values may be diverse in individuals, investigating the various combinations of those values will help understand individual's decisions to take, maintain and leave a job. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used a total of 15,103 datasets collected at the national level in South Korea. Data were analyzed by using latent class analysis (LCA); a three-step approach was employed to address classification. Findings: As the results of this study, Class 3, "seeking balanced work values rather than income," presented the highest level of job satisfaction, whereas Class 1, "seeking job security and income," exhibited the lowest. Originality/value: Employing an assessment tool to identify the distinct combinations of work values that individuals possess and then providing them with appropriate training and development programs and customized Human Resource (HR) policies aligned with the classes will be essential tasks for HRD (Human Resource Development)/HRM (Human Resource Management) practitioners.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid measurement of employee learning agility for use in human resources development. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyzed a total of 365 cases collected from Korean organizations. This paper conducted exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis to validate the measurement. This paper conducted a measurement invariance (MI) test to confirm the generalizability of the measurement and used Harman's single factor test to assess the common method variance (CMV). Findings: This paper derived a learning agility measurement with six subfactors (Cronbach's [alpha] = 0.893). This paper verified that it could be applied equally to supervisors and subordinates using an MI test. Factor analysis confirmed the feasibility of CMV. Based on I-ADAPT theory, the learning agility measurement can be applied to assess not only leader competency but also general employee competency. Research limitations/implications: Practitioners may use this model of learning agility for developing competency-based training programs and evaluations. This study is meaningful because it extends the concept of learning agility. In particular, the MI test indicated that there are no differences between supervisors and employees regarding the utility of the concept. Originality/value: This study is meaningful because it extends the concept of learning agility. In particular, the MI test indicated that there are no differences between supervisors and employees regarding the utility of the concept. The concept in this paper is distinguished from other studies by applying the Rasch model from an item response theory perspective.

Compared to the significant development of creativity studies, individual creativity research has not reached a meaningful consensus regarding the most valid and reliable method for assessing individual creativity. This study revisited 2 of the most popular methods for assessing individual creativity: subjective and objective methods. This study analyzed 1,500 individuals to investigate whether the methods for assessing individual creativity affect the measurement outcomes of individual creativity. Findings indicated that subjective assessments have a smaller variance a higher mean and a moderate but significant correlation with objective assessment methods. Such differences can be motivated by social desirability, consistency motif, illusory superiority, and leniency biases. Based on these findings, this study highlighted the need to acknowledge how subjective and objective assessment methods may affect individual creativity assessment outcomes.

We investigated the relationship between urban accessibility of museums in the urban spaces of Tokyo and Seoul within limited travel distances. Similarities and differences were identified in the museum accessibility between the two cities. The urban accessibility of museums was set as the dependent variable, calculated via space syntax. For the spatial accessibility of museums, five walking ranges (1000–2000 m) were set as independent variables, with a distance of 250 m as the basic unit. Data normality and independence of the derived data were checked, and polynomial curve fitting was performed to interpret the accessibility of museums in each city. A comparative analysis was conducted on museum accessibility. The results show areas with a high concentration of museums in Tokyo and Seoul partially deviated from the center of the urban hierarchy. The urban and spatial accessibilities of museums in both cities quantitatively correlated with limited travel distances. Museum visitors in Tokyo were more likely to have relatively free-flowing routes in the city. The museums in Seoul had a lower overall accessibility than those in Tokyo, and travel patterns and routes to these museums were likely to be restricted when located in urban areas and consequently resembled a forced movement pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A remote color converter with a phosphor in silicone (PiS) structure was fabricated using CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal embedded glass (PNEG) as a green phosphor. When the PNEG was pasted on a glass substrate and mounted on a blue LED, it showed enhanced thermal and photo stability compared with the bulk PNEG. The remote color converter was used to prepare a white LED, which had a wide color gamut of up to 130% of the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) defined area with the addition of K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSF:Mn4+) as a red phosphor. The feasibility of a flexible remote white color converter using ultra-thin glass (UTG) as a substrate was examined and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to investigate office workers' competencies that employees perceived to be important in their workplaces and the degree of helpfulness of universities as well as to scrutinize the gap between competence demand in the workplace and provision in higher education. Using the responses of bachelor's-degree holders working as office workers from the Korean Youth Panel data, a latent profile analysis was conducted with five competence categories each for their importance and university helpfulness. The analysis revealed four latent profiles. Further, paired t-tests were also conducted to examine the gap between competence importance and university helpfulness. Gaps were confirmed and partially confirmed in two profiles each. The results imply that it is necessary to consider the actual demands in the workplace when designing and planning competence or job programs in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eosinophilic inflammation is a hallmark of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and considered a major therapeutic target. Autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells plays a causal role in eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) via macrophage IL‐1β overproduction, thereby suggesting autophagy regulation as a potential therapeutic modality. Trehalose is a disaccharide sugar with known pro‐autophagy activity and effective in alleviating diverse inflammatory diseases. We sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of autophagy‐enhancing agent, trehalose, or related sugar compounds, and the underlying mechanism focusing on macrophage IL‐1β production in ECRS pathogenesis. Methods: We investigated the therapeutic effects of trehalose and saccharin on macrophage IL‐1β production and eosinophilia in the mouse model of ECRS with myeloid cell‐specific autophagy‐related gene 7 (Atg7) deletion. The mechanisms underlying their anti‐inflammatory effects were assessed using specific inhibitor, genetic knockdown or knockout, and overexpression of cognate receptors. Results: Unexpectedly, trehalose significantly attenuated eosinophilia and disease pathogenesis in ECRS mice caused by autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells. This autophagy‐independent effect was associated with reduced macrophage IL‐1β expression. Various sugars recapitulated the anti‐inflammatory effect of trehalose, and saccharin was particularly effective amongst other sugars. The mechanistic study revealed an involvement of sweet taste receptor (STR), especially T1R3, in alleviating macrophage IL‐1β production and eosinophilia in CRS, which was supported by genetic depletion of T1R3 or overexpression of T1R2/T1R3 in macrophages and treatment with the T1R3 antagonist gurmarin. Conclusion: Our results revealed a previously unappreciated anti‐inflammatory effect of STR agonists, particularly trehalose and saccharin, and may provide an alternative strategy to autophagy modulation in the ECRS treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on various studies, we provide a holistic view incorporating different nested cultural contexts, organizational shame, and health outcomes. We introduce the concept of organizational shame and explain its two key domains: conformity and status/competition. Then, we comprehensively review prior studies on cultural approaches to shame and propose our cultural variance model of organizational shame. Our model illustrates an equilibrium, exhibiting dominant and stable patterns of shame domains formed by reinforcing relationships among three key nested contextual layers: individuals (workers), organizations (firms), and the labor market. We apply our model to discuss general and occupational implications and outline future research directions. Thus, we hope to conceptualize organizational shame within the dynamic contexts of organizations and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Due to the continuing surge in incidence and mortality globally, determining whether protective, long-term immunity develops after initial infection or vaccination has become critical. Methods/Results: In this narrative review, we evaluate the latest understanding of antibody-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and to other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the four endemic human coronaviruses) in order to predict the consequences of antibody waning on long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We summarise their antibody dynamics, including the potential effects of cross-reactivity and antibody waning on vaccination and other public health strategies. At present, based on our comparison with other coronaviruses we estimate that natural antibody-mediated protection for SARS-CoV-2 is likely to last for 1–2 years and therefore, if vaccine-induced antibodies follow a similar course, booster doses may be required. However, other factors such as memory B- and T-cells and new viral strains will also affect the duration of both natural and vaccine-mediated immunity. Conclusion: Overall, antibody titres required for protection are yet to be established and inaccuracies of serological methods may be affecting this. We expect that with standardisation of serological testing and studies with longer follow-up, the implications of antibody waning will become clearer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectral response characteristics and carrier impact ionization coefficients of Si(sub 1 - x)Ge(sub x) photodiodes grown by MBE are determined. The ratio of electron and hole impact ionization coefficients is computed and is shown to agree well with published data from Si and Ge. The ratio attains unity at x = 0.45 representing a cross-over in the alloy system. Detailed measurement results having important photodetection applications are presented.

Hot-carrier reliability in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices can be significantly improved by incorporation of deuterium at the oxide/silicon interfaces is demonstrated. The role of vibrational heating mechanism is seen to be important in interface degradation of deep submicron silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices.

A number of new phenomena are reported comparing with ac stress with the dec stress. In the initial stress period, the deuterium isotope effect is smaller for ac stress than for dc stress.

Seawater is the most plentiful natural resource we have on earth and new research is looking at seawater as an alternative to freshwater for hydrogen production by electrolysis. However, the selective electrochemical anodic oxygen evolution reaction from seawater is challenging because of the competitive chloride oxidation reaction as well as anodic corrosion. Here we report an FeOOH deposited β-Ni–Co hydroxide as a new active material with an outer graphene oxide layer, which works effectively for selective overall alkaline natural seawater splitting, which requires very low cell voltages of 1.57 and 2.02 V to reach current densities of 20 mA cm−2 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, at 27 °C. Importantly, this electrolyzer shows exceptional stability for more than 378 h at a current density of 1 A cm−2. This discovery can be generalized with other reported unstable OER/HER seawater splitting electrocatalysts, which can significantly progress the expansion of seawater electrolysis for extensive hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has revealed a strong isotope effect for degradation and transistor aging. It will be shown that these studies do, in fact, suggest that it is the channel hot electrons which cause most of the Si-SiO2 interface degradation related to positive threshold voltage shifts in n-metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. The emission of charge carriers into the oxide is not required to explain all the positive voltage shifts related to interface charge.

Cultural psychology has great potential to expand its research frameworks to more applied research fields in business such as marketing and organizational studies while going beyond basic psychological processes to more complex social practices. In fact, the number of cross-cultural business studies has grown constantly over the past 20 years. Nonetheless, the theoretical and methodological closeness between cultural psychology and these business-oriented studies has not been fully recognized by scholars in cultural psychology. In this paper, we briefly introduce six representative cultural constructs commonly applied in business research, which include (1) individualism vs. collectivism, (2) independence vs. interdependence, (3) analytic vs. holistic cognition, (4) vertical vs. horizontal orientation, (5) tightness vs. looseness , and (6) strong vs. weak uncertainty avoidance. We plot the constructs on a chart to conceptually represent a common ground between cultural psychology and business research. We then review some representative empirical studies from the research fields of marketing and organizational studies which utilize at least one of these six constructs in their research frameworks. At the end of the paper, we recommend some future directions for further advancing collaboration with scholars in the field of marketing and organizational studies, while referring to theoretical and methodological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A red-emitting and ratiometric fluorescence probe 1 for detecting H 2 O 2 , based on a styrylnaphthalimide-boronate ester was developed. Upon a H 2 O 2 -mediated hydrolysis of boronate ester, probe 1 was transformed to 2 with a ratiometric fluorescence change, decrease at 535 and increase at 640 nm. It was also found that the fluorescent reaction of 1 with H 2 O 2 in solution could be completed within 10 min and the detection limit was estimated to be 0.30 μM. Moreover, this ratiometric change was highly selective for H 2 O 2 over other redox species, metal ions, and anions. Also, this system was found to be capable of detecting H 2 O 2 in the pH range of 6–9. Furthermore, probe 1 was preferentially accumulated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the live HeLa cells, and an increased H 2 O 2 level in the presence of an ER stress inducer, thapsigargin was revealed. Image 1 • A red-emitting and ratiometric fluorescence probe for detecting H 2 O 2 was developed. • This probe is based on H 2 O 2 -mediated hydrolysis of styrylnaphthalimide-boronate ester. • This probe can show a selective fluorescence change between 535 and 640 nm to H 2 O 2. • The probe can detect H 2 O 2 within 10 min with the detection limit of 0.30 μM. • This probe can be utilized to monitor H 2 O 2 in the ER of the live cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duration of gene silencing due to the short-term silencing effects induced by exogenous siRNA have limited the therapeutic applications of RNAi and the development of RNAi-based therapeutics. We here generated Eg5 shRNA-expressing plasmids using the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) sequences to produce Eg5 hairpin RNA under the control of U6 promoter. Using PEGylated DC-Chol/DOPE cationic liposomes, we demonstrated that a single systemic administration of Eg5 shRNA-expressing plasmid/liposome lipoplexes induced the long-term Eg5 silencing in the tumor sites of tumor-bearing mice, and ultimately lead to more sustained anticancer effects than standard synthetic siEg5/liposome lipoplexes. This non-viral Eg5 shRNA expression system had no risk of immunogenicity anticipated in the use of viral vectors, and could reduce the potential of off-target effects by scaling down the administration dose of RNAi therapeutics in patient. Therefore, the sustainable shRNA expression properties in the tumor sites suggest an efficient strategy to overcome the limitations caused by chemically synthesized siRNA methods such as short-term silencing effects and off-target effects. Herein, this study provides a non-viral silencing strategy for inducing long-term Eg5 silencing in vivo and suggests the great potential of Eg5 shRNA-expressing lipoplexes as a DNA-based RNAi therapeutics for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that provide early protection against cancer development via their selectivity to kill abnormal cells undergoing cellular transformation without the need for prior stimulation. Given the correlation between NK cell dysfunction and cancer prognosis, restoration of endogenous NK cells in the tumor microenvironment or adoptive transfer of NK cells with improved function holds great promise in cancer treatment. Furthermore, MHC-unrestricted tumor lysis by NK cells complements the MHC-restricted killing of tumor cells by cytotoxic T cells, thus positioning NK cells as an alternative or complementary therapeutic target for cancers that are refractory to T cell-based therapy. Although previous therapeutic strategies have focused on the manipulation of NK cell inhibitory receptors, recent advances in our understanding of NK cell activation have provided additional promising strategies to enhance NK cell reactivity against cancer. These approaches include targeting immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, such as immune checkpoint receptors, and further enhancing NK cell activation via modulation of intracellular checkpoint molecules or incorporation of tumor-directed chimeric antigen receptors. Thus, an in-depth understanding of NK cell activation will facilitate the optimal design of therapeutic strategies against refractory cancers, possibly in rational and synergistic combination with other therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]