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This work applies organometallic routes to copper(0/I) nanoparticles and describes how to match ligand chemistries with different material compositions. The syntheses involve reacting an organo‐copper precursor, mesitylcopper(I) [CuMes]z (z=4, 5), at low temperatures and in organic solvents, with hydrogen, air or hydrogen sulfide to deliver Cu, Cu2O or Cu2S nanoparticles. Use of sub‐stoichiometric quantities of protonated ligand (pro‐ligand; 0.1–0.2 equivalents vs. [CuMes]z) allows saturation of surface coordination sites but avoids excess pro‐ligand contaminating the nanoparticle solutions. The pro‐ligands are nonanoic acid (HO2CR1), 2‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid (HO2CR2) or di(thio)nonanoic acid, (HS2CR1), and are matched to the metallic, oxide or sulfide nanoparticles. Ligand exchange reactions reveal that copper(0) nanoparticles may be coordinated by carboxylate or di(thio)carboxylate ligands, but Cu2O is preferentially coordinated by carboxylate ligands and Cu2S by di(thio)carboxylate ligands. This work highlights the opportunities for organometallic routes to well‐defined nanoparticles and the need for appropriate ligand selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a rare entity that can occur up to decades after treatment of the primary tumor. Here, we present a patient who developed skin metastasis 10 years after treatment of her primary tumor and describe the molecular findings of the metastatic lesion. Case presentation: A 44-year-old female with a history of PTC who underwent a total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment 10 years ago presented with a 1.3-cm skin lesion along the prior thyroidectomy scar. A biopsy revealed metastatic PTC, and the patient underwent surgical excision of the lesion. ThyroSeq molecular testing showed the copresence of BRAFV600E mutation and TERT promoter C228T mutation. The patient subsequently received one round of adjuvant RAI therapy. Conclusions: A high index of suspicion is warranted in patients with a history of PTC who develop a skin lesion, even several years after remission of the primary disease. In patients with high-risk mutations, such as BRAFV600E and TERT promoter C228T mutations, long-term surveillance of disease recurrence is particularly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic thyroid surgeries in children are gaining popularity due to cosmetic advantages, but most previous studies include patients of school‐age or older. We hereby introduce our case of a 5‐year‐old patient with Graves' disease to show key differences and similarities between pediatric and adult bilateral axillo‐breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomies. Despite the small body, no additional working space was needed and the flap creation was performed as similarly done in adults. The anatomy was not much different, except that the parathyroid tissues were easily identified due to low body fat, and the prominent thymus covered most of the level VI area. The patient did not experience postoperative complications such as hypoparathyroidism or vocal cord palsy. Postoperative wounds showed excellent results with minimal scars. BABA robotic thyroidectomy can be performed safely in pediatric patients and may be considered an alternative option for conventional open thyroidectomy in children. This article supplements the Operative Techniques video presentation, which can be viewed online on Head & Neck'shome page at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097‐0347 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing an InxGa1−xN/GaN (InGaN/GaN) multi‐quantum well (MQW) heterostructure in nanowire (NW) form is expected to overcome limitations inherent in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on the conventional planar heterostructure. The epitaxial strain induced in InGaN/GaN MQW heterostructure can be relaxed through the sidewalls of NW, which is beneficial to LEDs because a much larger misfit strain with higher indium concentration can be accommodated with reduced piezoelectric polarization fields. The strain relaxation, however, renders highly complex strain distribution within the NW heterostructure. Here the authors show that complementary strain mapping using scanning transmission electron microscopy and dark‐field inline holography can comprehend the strain distribution within the axial In0.3Ga0.7N/GaN MQW heterostructure embedded in GaN NW by providing the strain maps which can cover the entire NW and fine details near the sidewalls. With the quantitative evaluation by 3D finite element modelling, it is confirmed that the observed complex strain distribution is induced by the strain relaxation leading to the strain partitioning between InGaN quantum disk, GaN quantum well, and the surrounding epitaxial GaN shell. The authors further show that the strain maps provide the strain tensor components which are crucial for accurate assessment of the strain‐induced piezoelectric fields in NW LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preoperative sarcopenia is associated with a poor long‐term prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Most GC patients rapidly lose muscle mass after gastrectomy. This retrospective cohort study analysed the effect of postoperative muscle loss and surgery‐induced sarcopenia on the long‐term outcomes of patients with GC. Methods: Preoperative and postoperative 1 year abdominal computed tomography scans were available for 1801 GC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between January 2009 and December 2013 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. The patients were categorized into normal, presarcopenia, and sarcopenia groups according to the skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured on computed tomography scans. Patients who were not sarcopenic prior to gastrectomy but became sarcopenic after surgery were defined as the surgery‐induced sarcopenia group. Results: There were 1227 men and 574 women included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 59.5 ± 12.3 years. Multivariable Cox‐regression analyses showed that preoperative SMI was not associated with overall survival (OS). However, postoperative sarcopenia was associated with significantly worse OS only in men [hazard ratio (HR), 1.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.85]. SMI loss was an independent risk factor for OS in the entire cohort and in men (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02, for the entire cohort; HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04, for men). The surgery‐induced sarcopenia group was associated with significantly higher mortality (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.16–2.90, for the cohort; HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.54–4.82, for men), although SMI loss and surgery‐induced sarcopenia were not risk factors in women. Similar results were obtained for relapse‐free survival. Conclusions: Postoperative muscle mass loss and surgery‐induced sarcopenia are prognostic factors for survival in patients with GC. Impact of postoperative muscle mass loss and surgery‐induced sarcopenia on survival outcomes is dependent on the sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercalation of organic anions into 2D materials can enable exfoliation, improve dispersion stability, increase surface area, and provide useful functional groups. In layered metal hydroxides, intercalation of bulk structures is commonly achieved by cumbersome and typically incomplete anion exchange reactions. In contrast, here, a series of carboxylate‐intercalated layered zinc hydroxides (LZH‐R) are synthesized directly, at room temperature, by reacting an organozinc reagent with a precise sub‐stoichiometric quantity of the desired carboxylic acid and water. A range of carboxylic acids are used to make new LZH‐R materials which are crystalline, soluble, and functionalized, as established by X‐ray diffraction, spectroscopic, and microscopy techniques. When R is an alkyl ether carboxylate, this direct synthesis method results in the spontaneous exfoliation of the LZH‐R into monolayer nanosheets with high yields (70–80%) and high solubilities in alcohols and water of up to 180 mg mL−1. By altering the carboxylate ligand, functional groups suitable for post‐synthetic modification or for detection by fluorescence are also introduced. These examples demonstrate a versatile synthetic route for functional exfoliated nanosheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has revealed that many people wish to die at home; however, most die in healthcare institutions. This study explored factors related to the place of death and gender differences in this regard among older adults in South Korea. Participants included older adults from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine relationships between place of death and relevant factors. Most older adults died in hospitals, followed by at home and in assisted living residences. Hospital and assisted living residence deaths increased while home deaths decreased. In both men and women, higher daily living dependency increased the probability of dying in an assisted living residence. Women were more likely to die in assisted living residences than men, and for persons living in urban areas, there was a decreased likelihood of home death only in women. Findings support that end-of-life care is performed mostly by institutions in Korea and there are gendered patterns. To achieve aging in place, the place of death and community-based terminal care should be more considered when implementing long-term care policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D nanosheets, exfoliation, intercalation, layered zinc hydroxides, organozinc Layered Zinc Hydroxides: Direct Organometallic Synthesis of Carboxylate Intercalated Layered Zinc Hydroxides for Fully Exfoliated Functional Nanosheets (Adv. Funct. Keywords: 2D nanosheets; exfoliation; intercalation; layered zinc hydroxides; organozinc EN 2D nanosheets exfoliation intercalation layered zinc hydroxides organozinc 1 1 1 07/27/21 20210723 NES 210723 In article number 2102631, Milo S. P. Shaffer, Charlotte K. Williams, and co-workers present a direct and versatile organometallic route to carboxylate-intercalated layered zinc hydroxide (LZH) 2D nanosheets. [Extracted from the article]