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There is a significant gap in understanding the risk of sexual victimization in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the variables that contribute to risk. Age appropriate sexual interest, limited sexual knowledge and experiences, and social deficits, may place adults with ASD at increased risk. Ninety-five adults with ASD and 117 adults without ASD completed questionnaires regarding sexual knowledge sources, actual knowledge, perceived knowledge, and sexual victimization. Individuals with ASD obtained less of their sexual knowledge from social sources, more sexual knowledge from non-social sources, had less perceived and actual knowledge, and experienced more sexual victimization than controls. The increased risk of victimization by individuals with ASD was partially mediated by their actual knowledge. The link between knowledge and victimization has important clinical implications for interventions.

This paper will discuss our approach to, success with and future direction in rapid prototyping for architectural modeling. The premise that this emerging technology has broad and exciting applications in the building design and construction industry will be supported by visual and physical evidence. This evidence will be presented in the form of photographs, video recordings and several models of student projects. Our approach to the future of this technology is discussed without a definitive conclusion, as despite our successes we remain in an exploratory mode regarding software, equipment and industry adoption. (Contains 9 figures.)

Introduction: Guidelines regarding antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV infection have varied over time, with the 2015 World Health Organization recommendation suggesting ART initiation at the time of diagnosis regardless of CD4 T-cell counts. Herein, we investigated the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors in addition to time trends on early ART initiation among participants of the Montreal Primary HIV Infection Study. Methods: The Montreal Primary HIV Infection Study is a prospective cohort established in three community medical centres (CMCs) and two university medical centres (UMCs). Recently diagnosed HIV-infected adults were categorized as receiving early (vs. delayed) ART if ART was initiated within 180 days of the baseline visit. Associations between early ART initiation and socio-demographic, socio-economic and behavioural information were examined. Independent associations of factors linked with early ART initiation were determined using multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 348 participants had a documented date of HIV acquisition of <180 days. The median interquartile range (IQR) age of participants was 35 (28; 42) years and the majority were male (96%), having paid employment (63%), men who have sex with men (MSM) (78%) and one to four sexual partners in the last three months (70%). Participants presented with a median IQR HIV plasma viral load of 4.6 (3.7; 5.3) log10 copies/ml, CD4 count of 510 (387; 660) cells/ll and were recruited in CMCs (52%) or UMCs (48%). Early ART initiation was observed in 47% of the participants and the trend followed a Vshaped curve with peaks in 1996 to 1997 (89%) and 2013 to 2015 (88%) with a dip in 2007 to 2009 (22%). Multivariable analyses showed that having a paid employment adjusted odds ratio (aOR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.95), lower CD4 count (aOR per 50 cell increase: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99) and care at UMCs (aOR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.06 to 3.90) were independently associated with early ART initiation. Conclusions: Early ART initiation during primary HIV infection was associated with diminished biological prognostic factors and calendar time mirroring evolution of treatment guidelines. In addition, socio-economic factors such as having a paid employment, contribute to early ART initiation in the context of universal access to care in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological differentiation may allow individuals to cope with prevailing environmental conditions. Morphological differentiation in fish characterized by sagittiform shape and ambush predator behaviour, such as northern pike ( Esox lucius L., 1758), has rarely been addressed. Morphological differentiation was assessed in two rivers exhibiting contrasting flow regimes: a hydropeaking river characterized by large and frequent fluctuations in flow rates and an unregulated river. An increase in northern pike movement rate was observed in the hydropeaking river. Therefore, morphological features enhancing sustained and burst swimming, as well as manoeuvrability, were expected. Our objectives are to ( i) compare morphology between the two rivers and ( ii) assess morphological differentiation between sexes. Using geometric morphometrics, shape significantly diverged between rivers irrespective of sex and between sexes in the hydropeaking river. Individuals from the hydropeaking river had more elongated heads, deeper bodies and caudal peduncles, and longer dorsal fin insertions than individuals from the unregulated river. Caudal fin differences between rivers were not consistent between sexes. Morphological differentiation suggested a trade-off among adaptations for sustained and burst swimming, as well as manoeuvrability, to cope with variable flows in a hydropeaking river. Morphological differentiation may allow the exploitation of spatially and temporally variable environmental conditions, including those stemming from river flow regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) is closely related to the properties of their host cluster. We present evidence for dry mergers as the dominant source of BCG mass growth at z ≲ 1 in the XXL 100 brightest cluster sample. We use the global red sequence, Hα emission and mean star formation history to show that BCGs in the sample possess star formation levels comparable to field ellipticals of similar stellar mass and redshift. XXL 100 brightest clusters are less massive on average than those in other X-ray selected samples such as LoCuSS or HIFLUGCS. Few clusters in the sample display high central gas concentration, rendering inefficient the growth of BCGs via star formation resulting from the accretion of cool gas. Using measures of the relaxation state of their host clusters, we show that BCGs grow as relaxation proceeds. We find that the BCG stellar mass corresponds to a relatively constant fraction 1 per cent of the total cluster mass in relaxed systems. We also show that, following a cluster scale merger event, the BCG stellar mass lags behind the expected value from the Mcluster–MBCG relation but subsequently accretes stellar mass via dry mergers as the BCG and cluster evolve towards a relaxed state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, galaxy clusters have been expected to retain all the material accreted since their formation epoch. For this reason, their matter content should be representative of the Universe as a whole, and thus their baryon fraction should be close to the Universal baryon fraction b= m. We make use of the sample of the 100 brightest galaxy clusters discovered in the XXL Survey to investigate the fraction of baryons in the form of hot gas and stars in the cluster population. Since it spans a wide range of mass (1013-1015 M⊙) and redshift (0:05-1:1) and benefits from a large set of multiwavelength data, the XXL-100-GC sample is ideal for measuring the global baryon budget of massive halos. We measure the gas masses of the detected halos and use a mass-temperature relation directly calibrated using weak-lensing measurements for a subset of XXL clusters to estimate the halo mass. We find that the weak-lensing calibrated gas fraction of XXL-100-GC clusters is substantially lower than was found in previous studies using hydrostatic masses. Our best-fit relation between gas fraction and mass reads fgas;500 = 0:055+0:007 -0:006 M500=1014 M⊙ 0:21+0:11 -0:10. The baryon budget of galaxy clusters therefore falls short of the Universal baryon fraction by about a factor of two at r500;MT. Our measurements require a hydrostatic bias 1-b = MX=MWL = 0:72+0:08 -0:07 to match the gas fraction obtained using lensing and hydrostatic equilibrium, which holds independently of the instrument considered. Comparing our gas fraction measurements with the expectations from numerical simulations, we find that our results favour an extreme feedback scheme in which a significant fraction of the baryons are expelled from the cores of halos. This model is, however, in contrast with the thermodynamical properties of observed halos, which might suggest that weak-lensing masses are overestimated. In light of these results, we note that a mass bias 1 - b = 0:58 as required to reconcile Planck cosmic microwave background and cluster counts should translate into an even lower baryon fraction, which poses a major challenge to our current understanding of galaxy clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The XXL Survey is the largest homogeneous and contiguous survey carried out with XMM-Newton. Covering an area of 50 deg² distributed over two fields, it primarily investigates the large-scale structures of the Universe using the distribution of galaxy clusters and active galactic nuclei as tracers of the matter distribution. Aims: Given its depth and sky coverage, XXL is particularly suited to systematically unveiling the clustering of X-ray clusters and to identifying superstructures in a homogeneous X-ray sample down to the typical mass scale of a local massive cluster. Methods: A friends-of-friends algorithm in three-dimensional physical space was run to identify large-scale structures. In this paper we report the discovery of the highest redshift supercluster of galaxies found in the XXL Survey. We describe the X-ray properties of the clusters members of the structure and the optical follow-up. Results: The newly discovered supercluster is composed of six clusters of galaxies at a median redshift z ~ 0:43 and distributed across ~300×150 (10×5 Mpc) on the sky. This structure is very compact with all the clusters residing in oneXMMpointing; for this reason this is the first supercluster discovered with the XXL Survey. Photometric redshifts from the CFHTLS (Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey) data release T0007 placed the supercluster at an approximate redshift of zphot ~ 0:45; subsequent spectroscopic follow-up with WHT (William Herschel Telescope) and NTT (New Technology Telescope) confirmed a median redshift of z ~ 0:43. An estimate of the X-ray mass and luminosity of this supercluster returns values of 1:7 × 1015 M⊙ and of 1:68 × 1044 erg s-1, respectively, and a total gas mass of Mgas = 9:3 × 1013 M⊙. These values put XLSSC-e at the average mass range of superclusters; its appearance, with two members of equal size, is quite unusual with respect to other superclusters and provides a unique view of the formation process of a massive structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The XXL Survey is the largest survey carried out by XMM-Newton. Covering an area of 50 deg², the survey contains ~450 galaxy clusters out to a redshift ~2 and to an X-ray flux limit of ~5 × 10-15 erg s-1 cm-2. This paper is part of the first release of XXL results focussed on the bright cluster sample. Aims: We investigate the scaling relation between weak-lensing mass and X-ray temperature for the brightest clusters in XXL. The scaling relation discussed in this article is used to estimate the mass of all 100 clusters in XXL-100-GC. Methods: Based on a subsample of 38 objects that lie within the intersection of the northern XXL field and the publicly available CFHTLenS shear catalog, we derive the weak-lensing mass of each system with careful considerations of the systematics. The clusters lie at 0.1 < z < 0.6 and span a temperature range of T ⋍ 1-5 keV. We combine our sample with an additional 58 clusters from the literature, increasing the range to T ⋍ 1-10 keV. To date, this is the largest sample of clusters with weak-lensing mass measurements that has been used to study the mass-temperature relation. Results: The mass-temperature relation fit (M ∝ Tb) to the XXL clusters returns a slope b = 1.78+0.37 -0.32 and intrinsic scatter σlnM|T ⋍ 0.53; the scatter is dominated by disturbed clusters. The fit to the combined sample of 96 clusters is in tension with selfsimilarity, b = 1.67 ± 0.12 and σlnM|T ⋍ 0.41. Conclusions: Overall our results demonstrate the feasibility of ground-based weak-lensing scaling relation studies down to cool systems of ~1 keV temperature and highlight that the current data and samples are a limit to our statistical precision. As such we are unable to determine whether the validity of hydrostatic equilibrium is a function of halo mass. An enlarged sample of cool systems, deeper weak-lensing data, and robust modelling of the selection function will help to explore these issues further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Galaxy clusters and groups are important cosmological probes and giant cosmic laboratories for studying galaxy evolution. Much effort has been devoted to understanding how and when baryonic matter cools at the centre of potential wells. However, a clear picture of the effciency with which baryons are converted into stars is still missing. We present the K-band luminosity-halo mass relation, LK;500 - M500;WL, for a subsample of 20 of the 100 brightest clusters in the XXL Survey observed with WIRCam at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). For the first time, we have measured this relation via weak-lensing analysis down to M500;WL = 3:5 × 1013 M⊙. This allows us to investigate whether the slope of the LK - M relation is different for groups and clusters, as seen in other works. The clusters in our sample span a wide range in mass, M500;WL = 0:35-12:10 × 1014 M⊙, at 0 < z < 0:6. The K-band luminosity scales as log10(LK;500=1012 L⊙) / ⊙ log10(M500;WL=1014 M⊙) with ⊙ = 0:85+0:35 -0:27 and an intrinsic scatter of ln LKjM = 0:37+0:19 -0:17. Combining our sample with some clusters in the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS) present in the literature, we obtain a slope of 1:05+0:16 -0:14 and an intrinsic scatter of 0:14+0:09 -0:07. The flattening in the LK - M seen in previous works is not seen here and might be a result of a bias in the mass measurement due to assumptions on the dynamical state of the systems. We also study the richness-mass relation and find that group-sized halos have more galaxies per unit halo mass than massive clusters. However, the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in low-mass systems contributes a greater fraction to the total cluster light than BCGs do in massive clusters; the luminosity gap between the two brightest galaxies is more prominent for group-sized halos. This result is a natural outcome of the hierarchical growth of structures, where massive galaxies form and gain mass within low-mass groups and are ultimately accreted into more massive clusters to become either part of the BCG or one of the brighter galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies attempting to describe fish community structure in shallow riverine environments typically rely on electrofishing and/or visual (snorkelling) surveys, but few have addressed the relative efficiencies of these two methods at estimating fish density and biomass across wide ranges of geography, taxonomy and life history stages. Multiple paired electrofishing and visual surveys were conducted in 18 temperate Canadian rivers in order to obtain community-wide density and biomass estimates from both methods. Partial canonical multivariate analyses were applied to the paired fish community matrices comparing the results of both surveying methods at the taxonomic levels of family, genus and species, as well as size classes within families and species, to assess the particular effectiveness of each sampling method. Although electrofishing estimates of family and species richness were generally greater, snorkelling surveys tended to generate higher density and biomass estimates for different size classes of many salmonid and cyprinid species. Moreover, mean river biomass estimates derived from visual surveying matched those obtained from our best mean river biomass estimates arising from the two methods combined. This study provides empirical evidence that electrofishing and visual survey methods generate different types of information when assessing fish community structure at the family level or by size classes. Our results provide ample background information for determining the most accurate sampling method for a particular fish community assemblage, which is fundamental to fisheries management and research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol extracts of wood from Pinus resinosa were found to be selectively cytotoxic against human lung carcinoma cells, A549 (IC50 41 +/- 6 microg/mL), human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, DLD-1 (IC50 47 +/- 4 microg/mL) in comparison with healthy cells, WS1 (IC50 130 +/- 11 microg/mL). Five known compounds were isolated and identified by 1H, 13C NMRspectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS mass spectrometry as, pinosylvin monomethyl ether (1), pinosylvin (2), pinosylvin dimethyl ether (3), pinobanksin (4) and (-)-norachelogenin (5). Compound 4 was isolated for the first time in P. resinosa. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-5 was evaluated against A549, DLD-1 and WS1. Compound 1 exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against both tumor cell lines and the healthy cell line with an IC50 of 25 +/- 4 microm for A549, 20 +/- 1 microm for DLD-1 and 34 +/- 3 microm for WS1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing care to a friend or relative suffering from a mental health problem can affect the physical and mental health of the caregiver. In the Montreal Mental Health Survey, 405 caregivers of people suffering from such problems took part in a mail survey about their experiences. The goal of this article is to describe these caregiving experiences and to identify their predictors. Results show that seriousness of the care recipient's problem is a predictor of a negative caregiving appraisal, but much less so of a positive one. The caregiving context is decisive in relation to both the positive and negative aspects of the experience. A strong correlation is observed between the positive and negative aspects of the scale, indicating that the caregiving experience is not one-dimensional. On the contrary, it can be simultaneously burdensome and satisfying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radiology information system (RIS) provides patient and examination information that is used in setting up and performing a radiologic procedure. In a digital imaging environment, information from the RIS can also be used to populate fields in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image header. Ideally, information from the RIS should be available at the modality at the time of the examination, and automatically be attached to the image in the appropriate DICOM fields before storage in the picture archiving and communications system (PACS). We have designed a highly integrated RIS interface for a digital radiography (DR) system. This interface employs browser technology to make RIS information conveniently available at the modality, and DICOM modality performed procedure step (MPPS) for RIS/DR information exchange. A novel feature of our approach is that a single display screen at the modality is used to alternatively display either the modality control window or the RIS window. Full access to RIS capabilities is available at the modality, including worklists and prior reports. Copyright (c) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 recently revealed itself as a new player in the regulation of protein function by phosphorylation. Pin1 isomerizes the peptide bond of specific phosphorylated serine or threonine residues preceding proline in several proteins involved in various cellular events including mitosis, transcription, differentiation and DNA damage response. Many Pin1 substrates are antigens of the phosphodependent monoclonal antibody MPM-2, which reacts with a subset of proteins phosphorylated at the G2/M transition. Results As MPM-2 is not a general marker of mitotic phosphoproteins, and as most mitotic substrates are phosphorylated more than once, we used a different phosphodependent antibody, mAb CC-3, to identify additional mitotic phosphoproteins and eventual Pin1 substrates by combining affinity purification, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and immunoblotting. Most CC-3-reactive phosphoproteins appeared to be known or novel MPM-2 antigens and included the RNA-binding protein p54nrb/nmt55, the spliceosomal protein SAP155, the Ki-67 antigen, MAP-1B, DNA topoisomerases II α and β, the elongation factor hSpt5 and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The CC-3 mitotic antigens were also shown to be Pin1 targets. The fine CC-3- and MPM-2-epitope mapping of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain confirmed that the epitopes were different and could be generated in vitro by distinct kinases. Finally, the post-mitotic dephosphorylation of both CC-3 and MPM-2 antigens was prevented when cellular Pin1 activity was blocked by the selective inhibitor juglone. Conclusion These observations indicate that the mitotic phosphoproteins associated with Pin1 are phosphorylated on multiple sites, suggesting combinatorial regulation of substrate recognition and isomerization.

Abstract: Introduction: The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recently published M53-A, Criteria for Laboratory Testing and Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection; Approved Guideline (2011), which includes a state of the art algorithm for identifying HIV-1 acute and HIV-2 infections. To assess the ability of Canadian laboratories to detect these sample types and the impact of M53-A, the National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services distributed a special proficiency testing panel. Methods: HIVS425-2012Nov22 was sent to 42 laboratories across Canada. It contained one HIV negative sample (B), two HIV-1 positive samples (A and E), one HIV-2 positive sample (C) and one HIV-1/2 antibody negative-HIV-1 antigen positive sample (D). Data was collected and analyzed using DigitalPT; a standardized on-line tool. Results: Forty-one laboratories returned results. Sample B (HIV negative) was identified by 95% of laboratories (39/41) and samples A and E (HIV-1 positive) by 98% (40/41). No laboratory identified sample C as HIV-2 positive, although 85% (35/41) detected reactivity prompting a referral for further testing. The remaining laboratories identified sample C as HIV-1 positive (4), indeterminate (1) or gave no final status (1). Sample D (HIV antibody negative-antigen positive) was correctly identified by two laboratories as HIV-1 antigen positive while 78% (32/41) detected reactivity, recommending further testing. One laboratory did not provide a final status. Alarmingly, six laboratories called this sample HIV negative. Conclusion: Although there is a high quality of HIV testing across Canada, introduction of the M53-A guideline would further improve the ability of laboratories to diagnose HIV-1 acute and HIV-2 infection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]