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This study presents the first results from the analysis of water mites collected in Portugal as part of the Biodiversity Genomics Europe project. 307 COI DNA barcodes clustered into 75 BINs are provided, with 38 BINs being unique and deposited for the first time in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). 65 species have been identified, of which 36 are new to the water mite fauna of Portugal. Two species, Torrenticola soniae Pešić, sp. nov. and T. elisabethae Pešić, sp. nov. (Torrenticolidae), are described as new to science. 47% of the water mite species currently known from Portugal now have reference barcodes in BOLD. High intraspecific distances were recorded for some species, suggesting the presence of cryptic diversity and species complexes that needs further study. Our results improve the DNA barcode reference database for Portuguese water mites, enhancing species identification accuracy and stimulating future investigation.

Abstract The Afrotropics are experiencing some of the fastest urbanisation rates on the planet but the impact of city growth on their rich and unique biodiversity remains understudied, especially compared to natural baselines. Little is also known about how introduced species influence β‐diversity in these contexts, and how patterns coincide with native ranges of species. Here we investigated how tree assemblages of the endemic‐rich Afrotropical island of São Tomé differed between urban, rural and natural zones. These were primarily characterised by urban greenspaces, shade plantations, and old‐growth forests, respectively. Based on 81 transects, we assessed biodiversity metrics of endemic, native and introduced species. Tree abundance and species richness were highest in the natural zone, where the composition was most different from the urban zone. The tree community of the rural zone was the most uneven and had the least variation among transects, representing the lowest β‐diversity. The urban zone was dominated by introduced species (57.7%), while the natural zone hosted almost exclusively native species (93.3%), including many endemics (26.1%). The biogeographic realms that species originated from were particularly diverse in the urban zone, with few species from the Afrotropics. In contrast to native and endemic trees, introduced trees were clearly associated with urban and rural expansion, as they were much more abundant and species‐rich in these zones than in the natural zone, facilitating biotic homogenisation. These findings highlight how urban and rural environments are affecting the native tree flora of São Tomé, and the need for conservation measures geared towards globally threatened and endemic tree species. Importantly, these require the protection of natural forests, despite the rising land demands for settlements and agriculture. Ultimately, such action to conserve endemic trees will contribute to global efforts to prevent further biodiversity declines.

Avian pox is a widespread infection in birds caused by genus Avipoxvirus pathogens. It is a noteworthy, potentially lethal disease to wild and domestic hosts. It can produce two different conditions: cutaneous pox, and diphtheritic pox. Here, we carry out an exhaustive review of all cases of avian pox reported from wild birds to analyze the effect and distribution in different avian species. Avian poxvirus strains have been detected in at least 374 wild bird species, a 60% increase on a 1999 review on avian pox hosts. We also analyze epizootic cases and if this disease contributes to wild bird population declines. We frequently observe very high prevalence in wild birds in remote island groups, e.g., Hawaii, Galapagos, etc., representing a major risk for the conservation of their unique endemic avifauna. However, the difference in prevalence between islands and continents is not significant given the few available studies. Morbidity and mortality can also be very high in captive birds, due to high population densities. However, despite the importance of the disease, the current detection rate of new Avipoxvirus strains suggests that diversity is incomplete for this group, and more research is needed to clarify its real extent, particularly in wild birds.

Fifty-four consecutive persons with HIV co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and liver decompensation were treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). The HCV treatment was delivered using a multidisciplinary HIV-coinfection model of care integrating sub-specialty services in 3 countries. Of those treated, 91% (95% confidence interval, 80.1 to 95.9) achieved sustained viral response, and only one person died during treatment. Our study provides evidence that HIV providers achieve excellent outcomes when treating patients with histories of decompensated liver disease, with characteristics similar to those studied using a multidisciplinary HIV-centered approach.

The demand for multifunctional requirements in aerospace, military, automobile, sports, and energy applications has encouraged the investigation of new composite materials. This study focuses on the development of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filled polypropylene composites and carbon nanofiber composite mats. The developed systems were then used to prepare interlayered composites that exhibited improved electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency. MWCNT-carbon nanofiber composite mats were developed by centrifugally spinning mixtures of MWCNT suspended in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions. The developed nanofibers were then dehydrated under sulfuric acid vapors and then heat treated. Interlayered samples were fabricated using a nanoreinforced polypropylene composite as a matrix and then filled with carbon fiber composite mats. The in-plane and through-plane electrical conductivity of an eight-layered flexible carbon composite (0.65 mm thick) were shown to be 6.1 and 3.0 × 10−2 S·cm−1, respectively. The EMI shielding effectiveness at 900 MHz increased from 17 dB for the one-layered composite to 52 dB for the eight-layered composite. It was found that the reflection of the electromagnetic waves was the dominating mechanism for EMI shielding in the developed materials. This study opens up new opportunities for the fabrication of novel lightweight materials that are to be used in communication systems.

A apicultura familiar é uma atividade econômica e ecológica (devido à polinização) indispensável para sistemas de agricultura familiar que tem por finalidade trazer a inclusão social, renda fixa e bases ecológicas sustentáveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o perfil atual da produção de mel de cinco comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo (Cangume, Pilões, Piririca, Porto Velho e, Ribeirão Grande/Terra Seca), quanto aos aspectos sociais, ambientais e das práticas de apicultura. Os resultados sugerem que nos aspectos sociais a apicultura familiar pode ser considerada uma segunda renda, que tem ainda problemas de condições sanitárias que diferem entre as comunidades, como falta de recurso de água potável e contaminação por mineração. Com o estudo de georreferenciamento, pôde-se estabelecer as condições ambientais locais que serviram de embasamento para o levantamento florístico de 85 espécies de plantas, distribuído em 32 famílias botânicas. As análises de umidade relativa e temperatura do ar e umidade do mel indicaram que os méis tiveram uma influência das condições climáticas e dos processos adotados. Já as medidas de pH e Condutividade Elétrica sugerem uma correlação com a origem botânica dos méis. A capacitação profissional nas comunidades permitiu uma sensibilização sobre a qualidade e composição do mel.

Sylvilagus floridanus Papillomavirus (SfPV) causes growth of large horn-like tumors on rabbits. SfPV was described in cottontail rabbits (probably Sylvilagus floridanus) from Kansas and Iowa by Richard Shope in 1933, and detected in S. audubonii in 2011. It is known almost exclusively from the US Midwest. We explored the University of Kansas Natural History Museum for historical museum specimens infected with SfPV, using molecular techniques, to assess if additional wild species host SfPV, and whether SfPV occurs throughout the host range, or just in the Midwest. Secondary aims were to detect distinct strains, and evidence for strain spatio-temporal specificity. We found 20 of 1395 rabbits in the KU collection SfPV symptomatic. Three of 17 lagomorph species (S. nuttallii, and the two known hosts) were symptomatic, while Brachylagus, Lepus and eight additional Sylvilagus species were not. 13 symptomatic individuals were positive by molecular testing, including the first S. nuttallii detection. Prevalence of symptomatic individuals was significantly higher in Sylvilagus (1.8%) than Lepus. Half of these specimens came from Kansas, though new molecular detections were obtained from Jalisco-Mexico's first-and Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas, USA. We document the oldest lab-confirmed case (Kansas, 1915), pre-dating Shope's first case. SfPV amplification was possible from 63.2% of symptomatic museum specimens. Using multiple methodologies, rolling circle amplification and, multiple isothermal displacement amplification in addition to PCR, greatly improved detection rates. Short sequences were obtained from six individuals for two genes. L1 gene sequences were identical to all previously detected sequences; E7 gene sequences, were more variable, yielding five distinct SfPV1 strains that differing by less than 2% from strains circulating in the Midwest and Mexico, between 1915 and 2005. Our results do not clarify whether strains are host species specific, though they are consistent with SfPV specificity to genus Sylvilagus.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Underlying immunodeficiency has been associated with worse clinical presentation and increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. We evaluated the mortality of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients (SOTR) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19. Methods: Nationwide, retrospective, observational analysis of all adults hospitalized because of COVID-19 in Spain during 2020. Stratification was made according to SOT status. The National Registry of Hospital Discharges was used, using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision coding list. Results: Of the 117,694 adults hospitalized during this period, 491 were SOTR: kidney 390 (79.4%), liver 59 (12%), lung 27 (5.5%), and heart 19 (3.9%). Overall, the mortality of SOTR was 13.8%. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, SOTR was not associated with higher mortality risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60-1.03). However, lung transplantation was an independent factor related to mortality (OR = 3.26, 95% CI 1.33-7.43), while kidney, liver, and heart transplantation were not. Being a lung transplant recipient was the strongest prognostic factor in SOT patients (OR = 5.12, 95% CI 1.88-13.98). Conclusion: This nationwide study supports that the COVID-19 mortality rate in SOTR in Spain during 2020 did not differ from the general population, except for lung transplant recipients, who presented worse outcomes. Efforts should be focused on the optimal management of lung transplant recipients with COVID-19.

The Genus Alpharetrovirus contains viruses pathogenic mainly for chickens, forming the Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Virus group (ASLV). Cells of most Galliform species, besides chickens, contain genetic elements (endogenous retroviruses, ERVs) that could recombine with other alpharetroviruses or express proteins, complementing defective ASLV, which may successfully replicate and cause disease. However, they are quite unknown, and only ALV-F, from ring-necked pheasants, has been partially published. Upon scrutiny of 53 genomes of different avian species, we found Alpharetrovirus-like sequences only in 12 different Galliformes, including six full-length (7.4–7.6 Kbp) and 27 partial sequences. Phylogenetic studies of the regions studied (LTR, gag, pol, and env) consistently resulted in five almost identical clades containing the same ERVs: Clade I (presently known ASLVs); Clade II (Callipepla spp. ERVs); Clade IIIa (Phasianus colchicus ERVs); Clade IIIb (Alectoris spp. ERVs); and Clade IV (Centrocercus spp. ERVs). The low pol identity scores suggested that each of these Clades may be considered a different species. ORF analysis revealed that putatively encoded proteins would be very similar in length and domains to those of other alpharetroviruses and thus potentially functional. This will undoubtedly contribute to better understanding the biology of defective viruses, especially in wild Galliformes, their evolution, and the danger they may represent for other wild species and the poultry industry.

There is growing interest in emerging viruses that can cause serious or lethal disease in humans and animals. The proliferation of cloacal virome studies, mainly focused on poultry and other domestic birds, reveals a wide variety of viruses, although their pathogenic significance is currently uncertain. Analysis of viruses detected in wild birds is complex and often biased towards waterfowl because of the obvious interest in avian influenza or other zoonotic viruses. Less is known about the viruses present in the order Passeriformes, which comprises approximately 60% of extant bird species. This review aims to compile the most significant contributions on the DNA/RNA viruses affecting passerines, from traditional and metagenomic studies. It highlights that most passerine species have never been sampled. Especially the RNA viruses from Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Togaviridae are considered emerging because of increased incidence or avian mortality/morbidity, spread to new geographical areas or hosts and their zoonotic risk. Arguably poxvirus, and perhaps other virus groups, could also be considered “emerging viruses”. However, many of these viruses have only recently been described in passerines using metagenomics and their role in the ecosystem is unknown. Finally, it is noteworthy that only one third of the viruses affecting passerines have been officially recognized.

The pollen contents of 34 Apis mellifera honey samples from the Quilombola Community of Porto Velho (Vale do Ribeira, state of São Paulo, Brazil) were studied in order to identify their botanical and geographical origin. A total number of 114 pollen types distributed in 43 families were identified. Fabaceae pollen types were the most diverse (20). Dominant pollen was observed in 27 samples. The dominant type Piper was found in 21 samples and Zanthoxylum, Mikania cordifolia, Cupania oblongifolia, Cecropia, Attalea and Poaceae only in one sample. The quantitative analysis revealed a predominance of very-high pollen concentrations in the samples (Category IV, 35.3%). A second frequency of occurrence analysis revealed 67 pollen types from 26 botanical families from nectariferous species. Fabaceae was also the family with the largest number of nectariferous pollen types (15), followed by Sapindaceae, Asteraceae (six pollen types each), and Euphorbiaceae (five types). Dominant pollen occurred in 19 samples. The main nectariferous sources of pollen in the present study were: Arecaceae (Attalea and Euterpe/Syagrus), Asteraceae (Mikania cordifolia), Fabaceae (Machaerium), Rutaceae (Zanthoxylum), and Sapindaceae (Cupania oblongifolia). The honey was classified as predominantly heterofloral (67.6%). Monofloral honey from Mikania cordifolia, Machaerium, Zanthoxylum, Cupania oblongifolia, Euterpe/Syagrus and Attalea were also identified. The geographical origin demonstrates Apis mellifera using nectariferous sources available from the Atlantic Rainforest in the south and southeast of Brazil, as well as in the brushwood, secondary forest and field plants. This is one of the first works about melissopalynology in the Vale do Ribeira Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.

The introduction of invasive birds into new ecosystems frequently has negative consequences for the resident populations. Accordingly, the increasing population of monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) in Europe may pose a threat because we have little knowledge of the viruses they can transmit to native naïve species. In this study, we describe a new dependoparvovirus detected by metagenomic analysis of cloacal samples from 28 apparently healthy individuals captured in urban areas of Madrid, Spain. The genomic characterization revealed that the genome encoded the NS and VP proteins typical of parvoviruses and was flanked by inverted terminal repeats. No recombination signal was detected. The phylogenetic analysis showed that it was closely related to a parvovirus isolated in a wild psittacid in China. Both viruses share 80% Rep protein sequence identity and only 64% with other dependoparvoviruses identified in Passeriformes, Anseriformes, and Piciformes and are included in a highly supported clade, which could be considered a new species. The prevalence was very low, and none of the additional 73 individuals tested positive by PCR. These results highlight the importance of exploring the viral genome in invasive species to prevent the emergence of novel viral pathogenic species.

The experience of the interconnected planet is the experience of an artificial totality, the result of the accelerated intersection of different invisible realms, topologies and layers that compete with one another following the irregular logics of rival interests, incompatible designs, non-human life form habits and rhythms, forms of resistance, errors, collateral effects and accidents. This issue of Temes de Disseny presents case studies and research practices that address the need to focus on these frictions from a variety of different perspectives in order to detect new forms of power and hidden inequalities as well as to envision unprecedented opportunities for intervention and counter-design.

El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar si las estrategias de marketing experiencial y experiencia del cliente aplicadas en los hoteles son factores diferenciales para atraer al segmento millennial a dichos establecimientos, así como también saber si son exitosas y rentables. Para ello, se ha realizado, en primer lugar, una investigación sobre el comportamiento del público objetivo elegido cuando selecciona un alojamiento para sus vacaciones, con la finalidad de descubrir sus insights y los constructos básicos más valorados por ellos y que nos permitirán, posteriormente, conocer la rentabilidad de las estrategias aplicadas.Para dicha investigación, se ha seguido un enfoque neurocualitativo complementado por una técnica cuantitativa. Así, para analizar los insights del segmento millennial y definir al buyer persona se han combinado las siguientes técnicas: encuesta semiestructurada CAWI, utilizando el muestreo aleatorio simple, focus groupy test de asociación implícita. Además, se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a diferentes figuras del sector hotelero para conocer su opinión sobre el uso del marketing experiencial en sus planes de negocio y sus consideraciones con respecto al segmento millennial. Con esta información, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis multifactorial del concepto de “experiencia”, utilizando los constructos descubiertos en la investigación.

The Covid-19 pandemic, which manifested itself during the early months of 2020, resulted in the activation of the expected official actors on a national and international level in policy, politics, the industrial military complex, pharma and medicine, among others. Being suddenly confined to a minimum of physical interaction, we found ourselves online among a concerned but enthusiastic group of artists, hackers, activists, scholars and other practitioners who organise themselves in informal settings to share, discuss and devise strategies of coping, care and action. They aim to apply their own artistic, activist or research competence to work through the complexities of continuously shifting information and circumstances. The pandemic is not simply an epidemiological crisis but a crisis of sovereignty. We refer here to the notion of sovereignty raised by Achille Mbembe to exercise control over mortality and to define life as the deployment and manifestation of power. Also the question of liveability comes to mind as introduced by Judith Butler and which the pandemic spread out in a wide spectrum, starting from the bare form of Who gets to live? - when it comes to access to medical support and decisions of care - up to What is a liveable life during a pandemic lockdown? In this way the pandemic makes visible and amplifies what was already there, a systemic plurality of inequalities and oppression enacted by predominant hegemonies. As Divya Dwivedi pointed out, the pandemic reveals a different sense of crisis, that is how the processes that have organised life (and lives) are distributed across the world and how some components of this worldwide arrangement have arrived at their functional limits. Therefore, once again, what has been unveiled are the material conditions of structural and systemic violence. Throughout this issue, questions related to temporality, agency, care and scale are addressed from artistic practice(s) critically reflecting on the entanglement with the virus.

Abstract??Two clones from an activatedTaenia saginataoncosphere cDNA library, Ts45W and Ts45S, were isolated and sequenced. Both of these genes belong to theTaenia ovis45W gene family. The Ts45W and Ts45S cDNAs are 997- and 1,004-bp-long, each corresponding to 255 amino acids and with theoretical molecular masses of 27.8 and 27.7?kDa, respectively. Southern blot profiles obtained with Ts45W cDNA as a probe suggest that these two genes are members of a multigene family with tandem organization. The full genomic sequence was determined for the Ts45W gene and a new family member, the Ts45W/2 gene. The genomic sequences of theT. saginataTs45W and Ts45W/2 genes were at least 2.2?kb in length with four exons separated by three introns. Exons 1 and 4 coded for hydrophobic domains, while, importantly, exons 2 and 3 coded for fibronectin homologous domains. These domains are presumably responsible for the demonstrated cell adhesion and, perhaps, the protective nature of this family of molecules and the acronym TAF (Taeniaadhesion family) is proposed for this group of genes. We hypothesize that these TAF proteins and anotherT. saginata-protective antigen, HP6, have evolved the dual functions of facilitating tissue invasion and stimulating protective immunity to first ensure primary infection and subsequently to establish a concomitant protective immunity to protect the host from death or debilitation through superinfection by subsequent infections and thus help ensure parasite survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las competencias en sostenibilidad para incorporarlas a los perfiles formativos en educación superior. En primer lugar se presenta una contextualización de la sostenibilidad en esta etapa educativa bajo las directrices tanto a nivel internacional, a través de la UNESCO y la ONU, como nacional, destacando la CRUE como marco de referencia de la mayoría de los artículos revisados. Posteriormente se realiza una revisión sistemática cualitativa con un muestreo intencional de artículos científicos en función de los siguientes criterios de inclusión: actualidad, relevancia, etapa educativa y autoría siendo docentes/gestores en la universidad española. A modo de conclusión se afirma que es necesario añadir, de forma explícita, la competencia de saber convivir a las ya presentes (saber, saber hacer y saber ser), todas ellas desde un abordaje holístico que posibilite el pensamiento integrador. El punto diferenciador de las competencias en sostenibilidad es la incorporación de la acción para la transformación a fin de alcanzar un cambio no solo en la educación para el desarrollo sostenible, sino de la educación en sí misma.

Our understanding about viruses carried by wild animals is still scarce. The viral diversity of wildlife may be best described with discovery-driven approaches to the study of viral diversity that broaden research efforts towards non-canonical hosts and remote geographic regions. Birds have been key organisms in the transmission of viruses causing important diseases, and wild birds are threatened by viral spillovers associated with human activities. However, our knowledge of the avian virome may be biased towards poultry and highly pathogenic diseases. We describe and compare the fecal virome of two passerine-dominated bird assemblages sampled in a remote Neotropical rainforest in French Guiana (Nouragues Natural Reserve) and a Mediterranean forest in central Spain (La Herrería). We used metagenomic data to quantify the degree of functional and genetic novelty of viruses recovered by examining if the similarity of the contigs we obtained to reference sequences differed between both locations. In general, contigs from Nouragues were significantly less similar to viruses in databases than contigs from La Herrería using Blastn but not for Blastx, suggesting that pristine regions harbor a yet unknown viral diversity with genetically more singular viruses than more studied areas. Additionally, we describe putative novel viruses of the families Picornaviridae, Reoviridae and Hepeviridae. These results highlight the importance of wild animals and remote regions as sources of novel viruses that substantially broaden the current knowledge of the global diversity of viruses.

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), two of the most important pathogens of cats, produce chronic systemic diseases with progressive death of cells involved in the immune response, ultimately leading to death. Immunostimulants is one of the few alternatives to the symptomatic treatment. In this study, 27 naturally FeLV-infected (FeLV+) and 31 naturally FIV-infected (FIV+) cats were administered orally by their owners 60 IU/day of recombinant human interferon alpha (rHuIFN-α) for four months in alternate weeks. Clinical status was evaluated and blood samples collected at four different visits or months (M): pretreatment (M0), mid-treatment (M2), end of treatment (M4), and 4–8 months after end of treatment (M10). Most cats ostensibly improved their clinical status, and many became asymptomatic. rHuIFN-α treatment improved the anemic processes observed at M0 (at least in cats with mild or moderate anemia) and leukocyte counts, including a more favorable CD4+/CD8+ ratio. An increase in the serum gammaglobulin concentration was seen in 80% of the cats. Despite observing an obvious favorable progress in the clinical, biopathological, and CD4+/CD8+ values during treatment, almost invariably all the parameters analyzed worsened after treatment discontinuation (M10), which suggests that the interferon-α protocol should be either extended or include additional cycles for a long-lasting benefit in FeLV+ and FIV+ cats.

The aim of this article is to present an educational program focused on the design and development of didactic sequences that allow the development of communicative competences in the students. Educational technologies are fully integrated in this program, not only because of the novelty of this tool, but in order to improve teaching and learning processes. Diagnosis and educational appraisal, understood from a systematic and evolutive approach, are fully integrated along the whole process. The program, named CRIJ Project, has been designed and developed by a research group, belonging to the Faculty of Education (Universidad Complutense de Madrid).

El objetivo de este artículo no es otro que el proporcionar a los profesionales de la educación, y en concreto de la enseñanza universitaria, modelos que favorezcan el aprendizaje autónomo, requisito en este nuevo milenio para todo proceso formativo en plena sociedad del conocimiento y la información y desde una dimensión sostenible del Desarrollo. El proyecto de innovación se ha realizado mediante una metodología cualitativa se inicia desde una indagación evaluativa del repertorio de estrategias de aprendizaje que el alumnado de Grado de Maestro utiliza para resolver situaciones problemáticas, con una perspectiva reflexiva y relacional y con el objetivo de vislumbrar resoluciones creativas. Este proceso de indagación -realizado durante dos cursos académicos 2010/11 y 2011/12- se asienta en el concepto de conocimiento estratégico y eficaz. En una segunda fase, utilizando una metodología cuantitativa, se somete a evaluación todo el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las asignaturas del módulo básico y optativo de los Grados de Maestro en Educación Primaria, Grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil; y del módulo obligatorio del Grado de Pedagogía que están a cargo del Departamento de Didáctica y Organización Escolar de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Los resultados que se han obtenido nos permiten afirmar que la experiencia de innovación realizada ha centrado su acción en la sostenibilización curricular dentro de un proceso conjunto de innovación docente. Se ha implementado un modelo denominado ecosistema de aprendizaje, centrado en el enfoque colaborativo, que favorece la adquisición de aprendizajes autónomos como medio para el desarrollo de las competencias personales, profesionales y sociales de los futuros titulados.Cómo referenciar este artículoSaenz-Rico De Santiago, B., Benítez Satre, L., Neira, J. M., Sobrino Calleja, M. R., & D’angelo Menéndez, E. (2015). Perfiles profesionales de futuros maestros para el desarrollo sostenible desde un modelo formativo centrado en el diseño de ambientes de aprendizaje. Foro de Educación, 13(19), 141-163. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/fde.2015.013.019.007

L'abundància de mètodes d'experimentació artística és una realitat que requereix metodologies alternatives per al seu estudi i la seva avaluació. Diffractive Interfícies és una proposta d'investigació que se centra en la relació art-pedagogia i possibilita una interacció dinàmica entre agències mitjançant l'experimentació amb diferents patrons i possibilitats relacionals facilitant la recerca d'altres formes de (re)presentació i gestualitats en el context de les interfícies culturals. Tant els processos de treball com els resultats de Diffractive Interfícies es caracteritzen per un procediment interdisciplinari d'apropiació i d'interacció entre recerca científica i investigació artística per mitjà de l'ús de la tecnologia, la biologia, la sociologia, la crítica, la música, l'art i la filosofia.

Infections caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV) have been described worldwide. Some types, like BPV-1 and BPV-2, have been reported in association with skin warts and fibropapillomas in cattle and sarcoids in equids. In this study we have investigated the presence of BPV in cutaneous warts isolated from a steer in Spain. Cutaneous fibropapillomatosis was confirmed by histopathological analysis. Complete genome was amplified by multiple-primed rolling circle and the L1, E5 and E6 genes were sequenced. The isolate was classified as a variant of BPV-2 on the basis of the L1 gene sequences. Genetic variability of L1, E5 and E6 genes was compared with BPV-2 isolates from different hosts in several continents. Some mutations involved non-synonymous substitutions when compared to the prototype strain. One of these non-conservative mutations was located in the jelly roll β-barrel of the EF loop of the capsid protein (encoded by L1). This study presents the first report of a variant of BPV-2 infection in the Iberian Peninsula and contributes to extend the knowledge of the spreading and circulation of BPV.

Specific treatments for the long-life infections by feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are either toxic, expensive or not too effective. Interferon α (IFN-α) is an immunomodulatory molecule which has been shown in vitro to decrease the release of infective particles. The aim of this study was to follow the progress of the clinical score and viral parameters of FeLV- and FIV-naturally infected privately owned cats treated with recombinant human IFN-α (rHuIFN-α, Roferon-A). Twenty-seven FeLV-infected cats (FeLV+) and 31 FIV-infected cats (FIV+) were enrolled in the study. Owners were instructed to orally administer 1 mL/day of 60 IU rHuIFN-α/mL in alternating weeks for four months. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study (M0), mid-treatment (M2), end of treatment (M4), and 6−10 months later (M10). Clinical status at these time points improved notably with rHuIFN-α treatment, regardless of the initial severity of the disease, an effect which lasted throughout the study in most animals (15 of the 16 FeLV+ symptomatic cats; 20 of the 22 FIV+ symptomatic cats) improved markedly their clinical situation. In FeLV+ cats plasma antigenemia (p27CA), reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, and proviral load decreased at M2 and M4 but increased again at M10 (“rebound effect”). The level of antigenemia or RT activity was below the detection limits in FIV+ cats, and the effect on proviral load was less marked than in FeLV+ cats. Taken together, these results indicate that rHuIFN-α is a good candidate for treating FeLV+ cats, but the “rebound effect” seen when treatment was discontinued suggests that additional studies should be conducted to clarify its effect on progression of the infection in cats.

La circulación de la sangre fue un fenómeno en las investigaciones de la filosofía natural de los siglos XVI y XVII que contenía muchos elementos de la tradición escolástica donde las entidades vitalistas constituían los principales elementos para su explicación. En este artículo se quiere mostrar que algunos de esos elementos vitales permanecen en la explicación que Harvey ofrece de dicho fenómeno, lo que genera tensiones a la filosofía natural cartesiana en el momento de adoptar la explicación de la circulación sanguínea de Harvey. Esta situación obliga a Descartes a desarrollar una fundamentación explicativa diferente y atada a su modelo mecanicista y, en gran medida, totalmente diferente a la de su maestro.

Avipoxvirus (APV) is a fairly common virus affecting birds that causes morbidity and mortality in wild and captive birds. We studied the prevalence of pox-like lesions and genetic diversity of APV in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in natural, agricultural and urban areas in southern Spain in 2013 and 2014 and in central Spain for 8 months (2012-2013). Overall, 3.2% of 2,341 house sparrows visually examined in southern Spain had cutaneous lesions consistent with avian pox. A similar prevalence (3%) was found in 338 birds from central Spain. Prevalence was higher in hatch-year birds than in adults. We did not detect any clear spatial or temporal patterns of APV distribution. Molecular analyses of poxvirus-like lesions revealed that 63% of the samples were positive. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of 29 DNA sequences from the fpv167 gene, detected two strains belonging to the canarypox clade (subclades B1 and B2) previously found in Spain. One of them appears predominant in Iberia and North Africa and shares 70% similarity to fowlpox and canarypox virus. This APV strain has been identified in a limited number of species in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and Hungary. The second one has a global distribution and has been found in numerous wild bird species around the world. To our knowledge, this represents the largest study of avian poxvirus disease in the broadly distributed house sparrow and strongly supports the findings that Avipox prevalence in this species in South and central Spain is moderate and the genetic diversity low.

La autora de este estudio se propone poner de relieve la importancia del argumento de la simplicidad en el desarrollo de las ideas de espacio y tiempo en Samuel Clarke y su incidencia en el newtonianismo. Así, en primer lugar intenta poner al descubierto la importancia que la noción de simplicidad tiene para el dualismo de Samuel Clarke, en donde se ponen en conexión la extensión y la simplicidad cuando se considera que la inmensidad de Dios es extensión indivisa. Por otra parte, recorre las vicisitudes del argumento de la simplicidad en función de las nociones físicas de espacio y de tiempo, para concluir que los simples de Clarke (espacio y tiempo) son muy cercanos a los conceptos de espacio y tiempo absolutos en Newton. Finalmente se explica cómo en opinión de Clarke el alma humana, siendo una sustancia simple y, por tanto, indivisible, es sin embargo una sustancia extensa; en este caso las partes, como las concibe Clarke, no son burdas y diferenciadas, sino semejantes e inseparables, algo que Leibniz habría reducido a una única entidad, en vista de su argumento de la identidad de los indiscernibles.The author of this study intends to point out the importance of the argument of simplicity in the development of the ideas of space and time in Samuel Clarke and their incidence in newtonianism. Thus, she first intends to uncover the importance that the notion of simplicity possesses for Samuel Clark's dualism, in which extension and simplicity connect with one another, when we consider that God's immensity is indivisible extension. On the other hand, she goes through the vicissitudes of the argument of simplicity with regard to the physical notions of space and time, to conclude that Clarke's simples (space and time) stand very near the concepts of absolute space and time in Newton. Finally, an explanation comes of how, in Clarke's opinion, the human soul, being a simple substance, and therefore indivisible, is nevertheless an extensive substance; in this case, the parts, as Clarke conceives them, are not coarse and differentiated, but alike and inseparable, which Leibnitz is thought to have reduced to a single entity, in view of his argument of the identity of indiscernibles.

Metallothioneins are ubiquitous small, cysteine-rich, multifunctional proteins which can bind heavy metals.We report the results of phylogenetic and gene expression analyses that include two new Tetrahymena thermophila metallothionein genes (MTT3 and MTT5). Sequence alignments of all known Tetrahymena metallothioneins have allowed us to rationalize the structure of these proteins. We now formally subdivide the known metallothioneins from the ciliate genus Tetrahymena into two well defined subfamilies, 7a and 7b, based on phylogenetic analysis, on the pattern of clustering of Cys residues, and on the pattern of inducibility by the heavy metals Cd and Cu. Sequence alignment also reveals a remarkably regular, conserved and hierarchical modular structure of all five subfamily 7a MTs, which include MTT3 and MTT5. The former has three modules, while the latter has only two. Induction levels of the three T. thermophila genes were determined using quantitative real time RT-PCR. Various stressors (including heavy metals) brought about dramatically different fold-inductions for each gene; MTT5 showed the highest fold-induction. Conserved DNA motifs with potential regulatory significance were identified, in an unbiased way, upstream of the start codons of subfamily 7a MTs. EST evidence for alternative splicing in the 3' UTR of the MTT5 mRNA with potential regulatory activity is reported.The small number and remarkably regular structure of Tetrahymena MTs, coupled with the experimental tractability of this model organism for studies of in vivo function, make it an attractive system for the experimental dissection of the roles, structure/function relationships, regulation of gene expression, and adaptive evolution of these proteins, as well as for the development of biotechnological applications for the environmental monitoring of toxic substances.