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1. A unified metric of human immune health

Author

Sparks, Rachel, Rachmaninoff, Nicholas, Lau, William W., Hirsch, Dylan C., Bansal, Neha, Martins, Andrew J., Chen, Jinguo, Liu, Candace C., Cheung, Foo, Failla, Laura E., Biancotto, Angelique, Fantoni, Giovanna, Sellers, Brian A., Chawla, Daniel G., Howe, Katherine N., Mostaghimi, Darius, Farmer, Rohit, Kotliarov, Yuri, Calvo, Katherine R., Palmer, Cindy, Daub, Janine, Foruraghi, Ladan, Kreuzburg, Samantha, Treat, Jennifer D., Urban, Amanda K., Jones, Anne, Romeo, Tina, Deuitch, Natalie T., Moura, Natalia Sampaio, Weinstein, Barbara, Moir, Susan, Ferrucci, Luigi, Barron, Karyl S., Aksentijevich, Ivona, Kleinstein, Steven H., Townsley, Danielle M., Young, Neal S., Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, Pamela A., Uzel, Gulbu, Pinto-Patarroyo, Gineth Paola, Cudrici, Cornelia D., Hoffmann, Patrycja, Stone, Deborah L., Ombrello, Amanda K., Freeman, Alexandra F., Zerbe, Christa S., Kastner, Daniel L., Holland, Steven M., and Tsang, John S.

Published
2024
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2. Near-global summer circulation response to the spring surface temperature anomaly in Tibetan Plateau –– the GEWEX/LS4P first phase experiment

Author

Zhang, Yang, Pan, Yan, Xue, Yongkang, Diallo, Ismaila, Zeng, Xubin, Li, Shuting, Neelin, J. David, Lau, William K. M., Boone, Aaron A., Vitart, Frederic, Yao, Tandong, Tang, Qi, Sato, Tomonori, Koo, Myung-Seo, Ardilouze, Constantin, Saha, Subodh K., Yang, Jing, Materia, Stefano, Lin, Zhaohui, Qi, Xin, Qin, Yi, Nakamura, Tetsu, Nobre, Paulo, Peano, Daniele, Senan, Retish, Takaya, Yuhei, Wang, Hailan, Zhang, Hongliang, Zhan, Yanling, Zhao, Mei, Mechoso, Carlos R., Bao, Qing, Bottino, Marcus Jorge, Hong, Songyou, Lin, Yanluan, Xie, Shaocheng, Pan, Xiaoduo, Nayak, Hara Prasad, Chou, Sin Chan, and Guo, Weidong

Published
2024
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3. Remote effects of Tibetan Plateau spring land temperature on global subseasonal to seasonal precipitation prediction and comparison with effects of sea surface temperature: the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I experiment

Author

Xue, Yongkang, Diallo, Ismaila, Boone, Aaron A., Zhang, Yang, Zeng, Xubin, Lau, William K. M., Neelin, J. David, Yao, Tandong, Tang, Qi, Sato, Tomonori, Koo, Myung-Seo, Vitart, Frederic, Ardilouze, Constantin, Saha, Subodh K., Materia, Stefano, Lin, Zhaohui, Takaya, Yuhei, Yang, Jing, Nakamura, Tetsu, Qi, Xin, Qin, Yi, Nobre, Paulo, Senan, Retish, Wang, Hailan, Zhang, Hongliang, Zhao, Mei, Nayak, Hara Prasad, Pan, Yan, Pan, Xiaoduo, Feng, Jinming, Shi, Chunxiang, Xie, Shaocheng, Brunke, Michael A., Bao, Qing, Bottino, Marcus Jorge, Fan, Tianyi, Hong, Songyou, Lin, Yanluan, Peano, Daniele, Zhan, Yanling, Mechoso, Carlos R., Ren, Xuejuan, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Chou, Sin Chan, de Rosnay, Patricia, van Oevelen, Peter J., Klocke, Daniel, Ek, Michael, Li, Xin, Guo, Weidong, Zhu, Yuejian, Tang, Jianping, Liang, Xin-Zhong, Qian, Yun, and Zhao, Ping

Published
2024
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6. Influenza vaccination reveals sex dimorphic imprints of prior mild COVID-19

Author

Sparks, Rachel, Lau, William W., Liu, Can, Han, Kyu Lee, Vrindten, Kiera L., Sun, Guangping, Cox, Milann, Andrews, Sarah F., Bansal, Neha, Failla, Laura E., Manischewitz, Jody, Grubbs, Gabrielle, King, Lisa R., Koroleva, Galina, Leimenstoll, Stephanie, Snow, LaQuita, Chen, Jinguo, Tang, Juanjie, Mukherjee, Amrita, Sellers, Brian A., Apps, Richard, McDermott, Adrian B., Martins, Andrew J., Bloch, Evan M., Golding, Hana, Khurana, Surender, and Tsang, John S.

Published
2023
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9. Immune dysregulation and autoreactivity correlate with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Author

Ramaswamy, Anjali, Brodsky, Nina N., Sumida, Tomokazu S., Comi, Michela, Asashima, Hiromitsu, Hoehn, Kenneth B., Li, Ningshan, Liu, Yunqing, Shah, Aagam, Ravindra, Neal G., Bishai, Jason, Khan, Alamzeb, Lau, William, Sellers, Brian, Bansal, Neha, Guerrerio, Pamela, Unterman, Avraham, Habet, Victoria, Rice, Andrew J., Catanzaro, Jason, Chandnani, Harsha, Lopez, Merrick, Kaminski, Naftali, Dela Cruz, Charles S., Tsang, John S., Wang, Zuoheng, Yan, Xiting, Kleinstein, Steven H., van Dijk, David, Pierce, Richard W., Hafler, David A., and Lucas, Carrie L.

Published
2021
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10. Time-resolved systems immunology reveals a late juncture linked to fatal COVID-19

Author

Abers, Michael S., Apps, Richard, Bosticardo, Marita, Milanez-Almeida, Pedro, Mulè, Matthew P., Shaw, Elana, Zhang, Yu, Castelli, Francesco, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Tomasoni, Gabriele, Scolari, Francesco, Tucci, Alessandra, Liu, Can, Martins, Andrew J., Lau, William W., Rachmaninoff, Nicholas, Chen, Jinguo, Imberti, Luisa, Mostaghimi, Darius, Fink, Danielle L., Burbelo, Peter D., Dobbs, Kerry, Delmonte, Ottavia M., Bansal, Neha, Failla, Laura, Sottini, Alessandra, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia, Han, Kyu Lee, Sellers, Brian A., Cheung, Foo, Sparks, Rachel, Chun, Tae-Wook, Moir, Susan, Lionakis, Michail S., Rossi, Camillo, Su, Helen C., Kuhns, Douglas B., Cohen, Jeffrey I., Notarangelo, Luigi D., and Tsang, John S.

Published
2021
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14. RECENT THIRD POLE’S RAPID WARMING ACCOMPANIES CRYOSPHERIC MELT AND WATER CYCLE INTENSIFICATION AND INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MONSOON AND ENVIRONMENT : Multidisciplinary Approach with Observations, Modeling, and Analysis

Author

Yao, Tandong, Xue, Yongkang, Chen, Deliang, Chen, Fahu, Thompson, Lonnie, Cui, Peng, Koike, Toshio, Lau, William K.-M., Lettenmaier, Dennis, Mosbrugger, Volker, Zhang, Renhe, Xu, Baiqing, Dozier, Jeff, Gillespie, Thomas, Gu, Yu, Kang, Shichang, Piao, Shilong, Sugimoto, Shiori, Ueno, Kenichi, Wang, Lei, Wang, Weicai, Zhang, Fan, Sheng, Yongwei, Guo, Weidong, Yang, Xiaoxin, Ma, Yaoming, Shen, Samuel S. P., Su, Zhongbo, Chen, Fei, Liang, Shunlin, Liu, Yimin, Singh, Vijay P., Yang, Kun, Yang, Daqing, Zhao, Xinquan, Qian, Yun, Zhang, Yu, and Li, Qian

Published
2019

17. An overview of cloud–radiation denial experiments for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1.

Author

Harrop, Bryce E., Lu, Jian, Leung, L. Ruby, Lau, William K. M., Kim, Kyu-Myong, Medeiros, Brian, Soden, Brian J., Vecchi, Gabriel A., Zhang, Bosong, and Singh, Balwinder

Subjects
RAINFALL, EXPERIMENTAL design, CLIMATE change denial, MONSOONS
Abstract

The interaction between clouds and radiation is a key process within the climate system, and assessing the impacts of that interaction provides valuable insights into both the present-day climate and future projections. Many modeling experiments have been designed over the years to probe the impact of the cloud radiative effect (CRE) on the climate, including those that seek to disrupt the mean CRE effect and those that only disrupt the covariance of the CRE with the circulation. Seven such experimental designs have been added to the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) of the US Department of Energy. These experiments include both the first and second iterations of the Clouds On/Off Klimate Intercomparison Experiment (COOKIE) experimental design, as well as the cloud-locking method. This paper documents the code changes necessary to implement such experiments and also provides detailed instructions for how to run them. Analyses across experiment types provide valuable insights and confirm the findings of prior studies, including the role of cloud radiative heating toward intensifying the monsoon, intensifying rain rates, and poleward expansion of the general circulation owing to cloud feedbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Subseasonal-to-seasonal predictability of extreme precipitation and land forcing.

Author

Xue, Yongkang and Lau, William K-M

Subjects
*LAND-atmosphere interactions, *ATMOSPHERIC circulation, *LAND surface temperature, *WEATHER, *ATMOSPHERIC temperature, *MONSOONS
Abstract

This document discusses the importance of subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction of extreme precipitation and land forcing in mitigating the impacts of climate change. The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) have launched a joint S2S Prediction Project to improve S2S precipitation prediction over land. The document highlights the role of sea surface temperature (SST) and land-induced forcing in S2S predictability, and emphasizes the need for further research on atmosphere-land interactions. The special issue includes research on the role of land-induced forcing in S2S variability, mechanisms of dynamic and physical processes, and evaluation of regional climate models. The document concludes by stating that while progress has been made, there are still many challenging issues to be addressed in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of land-induced forcing and S2S predictability. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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30. Integrated modeling of aerosol, cloud, precipitation and land processes at satellite-resolved scales

Author

Peters-Lidard, Christa D., Kemp, Eric M., Matsui, Toshihisa, Santanello, Joseph A., Jr., Kumar, Sujay V., Jacob, Jossy P., Clune, Thomas, Tao, Wei-Kuo, Chin, Mian, Hou, Arthur, Case, Jonathan L., Kim, Dongchul, Kim, Kyu-Myong, Lau, William, Liu, Yuqiong, Shi, Jainn, Starr, David, Tan, Qian, Tao, Zhining, Zaitchik, Benjamin F., Zavodsky, Bradley, Zhang, Sara Q., and Zupanski, Milija

Published
2015
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33. Variability and Predictability of West African Droughts : A Review on the Role of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

Author

Rodríguez-Fonseca, Belen, Mohino, Elsa, Mechoso, Carlos R., Caminade, Cyril, Biasutti, Michela, Gaetani, Marco, Garcia-Serrano, J., Vizy, Edward K., Cook, Kerry, Xue, Yongkang, Polo, Irene, Losada, Teresa, Druyan, Leonard, Fontaine, Bernard, Bader, Juergen, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco J., Goddard, Lisa, Janicot, Serge, Arribas, Alberto, Lau, William, Colman, Andrew, Vellinga, M., Rowell, David P., Kucharski, Fred, and Voldoire, Aurore

Published
2015

36. Characterization of sun-protective behaviours among Asian people in the USA stratified by geographic location of birth.

Author

Lau, William C, Yang, Kevin, Lau, Charles B, Patel, Shrey, and Nambudiri, Vinod E

Subjects
*ASIANS, *INFORMED consent (Medical law), *ASIAN Americans, *SUNSHINE
Abstract

This article discusses a study that examines the differences in sun-protective behaviors among Asian Americans based on their country of birth. The study finds that US-born Asian Americans are more likely to undergo full body skin examinations compared to those born outside of the USA. However, non-US-born Asian Americans are more likely to wear long sleeve shirts and pants for sun protection. The study suggests that cultural practices and healthcare disparities may influence sun-protective behaviors among Asian individuals, and emphasizes the need to address racial disparities in dermatological care. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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37. An overview of cloud-radiation denial experiments for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1.

Author

Harrop, Bryce E., Lu, Jian, Leung, L. Ruby, Lau, William K. M., Kim, Kyu-Myong, Medeiros, Brian, Soden, Brian J., Vecchi, Gabriel A., Zhang, Bosong, and Singh, Balwinder

Subjects
RAINFALL, EXPERIMENTAL design, CLIMATE change denial, MONSOONS
Abstract

The interaction of clouds and radiation is a key process within the climate system, and assessing the impacts of that interaction provides valuable insights into both the present day climate and future projections. Many modeling experiments have been designed over the years to probe the impact of the cloud radiative effect (CRE) on the climate, including those that seek to disrupt the mean CRE effect and those that only disrupt the covariance of the CRE with the circulation. Seven such experimental designs have been added into the U.S. DOE's Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1). These experiments include both the first and second iterations of the Clouds On-Off Klimate Intercomparison Experiment (COOKIE) experimental design, as well as the cloud-locking method. This manuscript documents the code changes necessary for implement such experiments and also provides detailed instructions for how to run them. Analyses across experiment types provide valuable insights and confirm the findings of prior studies, including the role of cloud-radiative heating toward intensifying the monsoon, intensifying rain rates, and poleward expansion of the general circulation owing to cloud feedbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Satellite-Surface Perspectives of Air Quality and Aerosol-Cloud Effects on the Environment: An Overview of 7-SEAS/BASELInE

Author

Tsay, Si-Chee, Maring, Hal B., Lin, Neng-Huei, Buntoung, Sumaman, Chantara, Somporn, Chuang, Hsiao-Chi, Gabriel, Philip M., Goodloe, Colby S., Holben, Brent N., Hsiao, Ta-Chih, Hsu, N. Christina, Janjai, Serm, Lau, William K. M., Lee, Chung-Te, Lee, Jaehwa, Loftus, Adrian M., Nguyen, Anh X., Nguyen, Cuong M., Pani, Shantanu K., Pantina, Peter, Sayer, Andrew M., Tao, Wei-Kuo, Wang, Sheng-Hsiang, Welton, Ellsworth J., Wiriya, Wan, and Yen, Ming-Cheng

Published
2016
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40. From BASE-ASIA toward 7-SEAS: A satellite-surface perspective of boreal spring biomass-burning aerosols and clouds in Southeast Asia

Author

Tsay, Si-Chee, Hsu, N. Christina, Lau, William K.-M., Li, Can, Gabriel, Philip M., Ji, Qiang, Holben, Brent N., Judd Welton, E., Nguyen, Anh X., Janjai, Serm, Lin, Neng-Huei, Reid, Jeffrey S., Boonjawat, Jariya, Howell, Steven G., Huebert, Barry J., Fu, Joshua S., Hansell, Richard A., Sayer, Andrew M., Gautam, Ritesh, Wang, Sheng-Hsiang, Goodloe, Colby S., Miko, Laddawan R., Shu, Peter K., Loftus, Adrian M., Huang, Jingfeng, Kim, Jin Young, Jeong, Myeong-Jae, and Pantina, Peter

Published
2013
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41. Origin, transport, and vertical distribution of atmospheric pollutants over the northern South China Sea during the 7-SEAS/Dongsha Experiment

Author

Wang, Sheng-Hsiang, Tsay, Si-Chee, Lin, Neng-Huei, Chang, Shuenn-Chin, Li, Can, Welton, Ellsworth J., Holben, Brent N., Hsu, N. Christina, Lau, William K.M., Lolli, Simone, Kuo, Chun-Chiang, Chia, Hao-Ping, Chiu, Chia-Yang, Lin, Chia-Ching, Bell, Shaun W., Ji, Qiang, Hansell, Richard A., Sheu, Guey-Rong, Chi, Kai-Hsien, and Peng, Chi-Ming

Published
2013
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43. Changing Characteristics of Tropical Extreme Precipitation–Cloud Regimes in Warmer Climates.

Author

Lau, William K. M., Kim, Kyu-Myong, Harrop, Bryce, and Leung, L. Ruby

Subjects
*GLOBAL warming, *MESOSCALE convective complexes, *LAND surface temperature, *ATMOSPHERIC models, *OCEAN temperature, *STRATOCUMULUS clouds
Abstract

In this study, we investigated the changing characteristics of climatic scale (monthly) tropical extreme precipitation in warming climates using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The results are from Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-type simulations driven by (a) a control experiment with the present-day sea surface temperature (SST) and CO2 concentration, (b) P4K, the same as in (a) but with a uniform increase of 4K in the SST globally, and (c) the same as in (a), but with an imposed SST and CO2 concentration from the outputs of the coupled E3SM forced by a 4xCO2 concentration. We found that as the surface warmed under P4K and 4xCO2, both convective and stratiform rain increased. Importantly, there was an increasing fractional contribution of stratiform rain as a function of the precipitation intensity, with the most extreme but rare events occurring preferentially over land more than the ocean, and more so under 4xCO2 than P4K. Extreme precipitation was facilitated by increased precipitation efficiency, reflecting accelerated rates of recycling of precipitation cloud water (both liquid and ice phases) in regions with colder anvil cloud tops. Changes in the vertical profiles of clouds, condensation heating, and vertical motions indicate increasing precipitation–cloud–circulation organization from the control and P4K to 4xCO2. The results suggest that large-scale ocean warming, that is, P4K, was the primary cause contributing to an organization structure resembling the well-known mesoscale convective system (MCS), with increased extreme precipitation on shorter (hourly to daily) time scales. Additional 4xCO2 atmospheric radiative heating and dynamically consistent anomalous SST further amplified the MCS organization under P4K. Analyses of the surface moist static energy distribution show that increases in the surface moisture (temperature) under P4K and 4xCO2 was the key driver leading to enhanced convective instability over tropical ocean (land). However, a fast and large increase in the land surface temperature and lack of available local moisture resulted in a strong reduction in the land surface relative humidity, reflecting severe drying and enhanced convective inhibition (CIN). It is argued that very extreme and rare "record-breaking" precipitation events found over land under P4K, and more so under 4xCO2, are likely due to the delayed onset of deep convection, that is, the longer the suppression of deep convection by CIN, the more severe the extreme precipitation when it eventually occurs, due to the release of a large amount of stored surplus convective available potential energy in the lower troposphere during prolonged CIN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. Southern Himalayas rainfall as a key driver of interannual variation of pre-monsoon aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau.

Author

Liu, Weichen, Zhao, Chun, Xu, Mingyue, Feng, Jiawang, Du, Qiuyan, Gu, Jun, Leung, L. Ruby, and Lau, William K. M.

Subjects
AEROSOLS, BIOMASS burning, MONSOONS, RAINFALL
Abstract

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one of the most climate-sensitive regions around the world. Aerosols imported from adjacent regions reach their peak during the pre-monsoon season and play a vital role in the TP environment. However, the strong interannual variation in aerosols transported to the TP has not been fully understood. Here, we show that the interannual variability of pre-monsoon aerosols transported to the TP is influenced more by rainfall over the southern Himalayas than near-surface wind. Rainfall modulates fire events and biomass burning emissions and reduces aerosols over the TP by wet scavenging. Contrary to the role of wind in increasing aerosol transport, the positive correlation between wind and aerosols in the TP reported in previous studies is contributed by the negative interannual correlations between wind and rainfall and between rainfall and fire events over the southern Himalayas. This study highlights the co-variability of wind and rainfall and their confounding impacts on aerosols in the southern Himalayas and over the TP. With pre-monsoon rainfall projected to increase in adjacent regions of southern TP, aerosol transport to the TP may be mitigated in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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49. Evaluating Predictors of Patient Satisfaction With Facial Appearance After Mohs Micrographic Surgery Using the FACE-Q.

Author

Lau, William C., Moore, Kevin, and Waldman, Abigail

Subjects
*PATIENT satisfaction, *MOHS surgery, *PATIENT surveys, *SATISFACTION, *WOMEN'S hospitals, *NASAL tumors, *ONCOLOGIC surgery
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUND: Although patient satisfaction with reconstructive outcomes after facial skin cancer resection is an important consideration in Mohs surgery, there is limited information evaluating this concern using validated patient-reported outcome tools. OBJECTIVE: To characterize predictors that may be associated with increased postoperative patient satisfaction with facial appearance after Mohs surgery using the FACE-Q/Skin Cancer survey, a patient-reported outcome tool that has been validated in various studies. METHODS: A total of 202 patients who underwent Mohs surgery for facial skin cancer at the Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital between April 2017 and November 2021 were included after completing the postoperative Satisfaction with Facial Appearance scale (FACE-Q scale). RESULTS: Male patients were significantly more likely to have higher satisfaction scores compared with female patients (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.1). Increased preoperative facial satisfaction scores was directly correlated with increased postoperative facial satisfaction scores (p <.01). Patients with tumors on the lower face/neck (aOR 3.88; 95% CI 1.4–10.7) had significantly greater satisfaction scores compared with those with tumors on their nose/nasolabial folds. CONCLUSION: Potential interventions and counseling methods can be tailored toward specific patient populations with lower satisfaction scores to increase their overall satisfaction with reconstructive outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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50. Assessment of knowledge and comfort prescribing common systemic medications within an academic medical dermatology clinic: a cross-sectional survey study.

Author

Lau, Charles B, Lau, William C, and Smith, Gideon P

Subjects
*DRUGS, *NARCOTIC laws, *CROSS-sectional method, *DERMATOLOGY, *KNOWLEDGE management, *BIOLOGICALS
Abstract

We assessed dermatologists' knowledge and comfort levels in prescribing various medications. Knowledge gaps in the management of cyclophosphamide, opioid pain controllers, intravenous immunoglobulin and newer-generation biologics were observed. Dermatologists expressed greater concern about prescribing medications that are broadly immunosuppressive with severe side-effects such as cyclophosphamide and rituximab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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