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1. Landmark and route knowledge in children’s spatial representation of a virtual environment

Author

Marion Nys, Eric Orriols, Valérie Gyselinck, Maya Hickmann, Structures Formelles du Langage (SFL), Université Paris 8, Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Paris Lumières, Académie de Créteil, Campus Condorcet (UPLUM), LABORATOIRE DE PSYCHOLOGIE EXPÉRIMENTALE, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)- Université Paris Lumières, Académie de Créteil, Campus Condorcet (UPLUM), Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), ANR-09-BLAN-0344,SpaLife,Spatial representations in a life-span perspective : Cognitive and developmental factors in the construction of real and virtual itineraries(2009), Structures Formelles du Langage ( SFL ), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis ( UP8 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) - Université Paris Lumières, Académie de Créteil, Campus Condorcet ( UPLUM ), Laboratoire Mémoire et cognition, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ), ANR-09-BLAN-0344,SpaLife,Spatial representations in a life-span perspective : Cognitive and developmental factors in the construction of real and virtual itineraries ( 2009 ), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Lumières (UPL), and ANR-09-BLAN-0344,SpaLife(2009)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:BF1-990, Standardized test, [ SCCO.PSYC ] Cognitive science/Psychology, visuo-spatial encoding, decisional landmark, Memorization, Perception, Selection (linguistics), Cognitive development, Psychology, Original Research Article, individual differences, General Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, verbal encoding, media_common, language abilities, Landmark, wayfinding, Working memory, business.industry, language ability, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Comprehension, lcsh:Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, virtual reality, [SCCO.LING] Cognitive science/Linguistics, business, Social psychology, Cognitive psychology, cognitive development
Abstract

International audience; This study investigates the development of landmark and route knowledge in complex wayfinding situations. It focuses on how children (aged 6, 8, and 10 years) and young adults (n = 79) indicate, recognize, and bind landmarks and directions in both verbal and visuo-spatial tasks after learning a virtual route. Performance in these tasks is also related to general verbal and visuo-spatial abilities as assessed by independent standardized tests (attention, working memory, perception of direction, production and comprehension of spatial terms, sentences and stories). The results first show that the quantity and quality of landmarks and directions produced and recognized by participants in both verbal and visuo-spatial tasks increased with age. In addition, an increase with age was observed in participants' selection of decisional landmarks (i.e., landmarks associated with a change of direction), as well as in their capacity to bind landmarks and directions. Our results support the view that children first acquire landmark knowledge, then route knowledge, as shown by their late developing ability to bind knowledge of directions and landmarks. Overall, the quality of verbal and visuo-spatial information in participants' spatial representations was found to vary mostly with their visuo-spatial abilities (attention and perception of directions) and not with their verbal abilities. Interestingly, however, when asked to recognize landmarks encountered during the route, participants show an increasing bias with age toward choosing a related landmark of the same category, regardless of its visual characteristics, i.e., they incorrectly choose the picture of another fountain. The discussion highlights the need for further studies to determine more precisely the role of verbal and visuo-spatial knowledge and the nature of how children learn to represent and memorize routes.

Published
2015
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2. Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in schizophrenia

Author

Catherine Oppenheim, Franck Baylé, Marie-Laure Grillon, Anne-Dominique Devauchelle, F. Charbonneau, Marie-Odile Krebs, Gaël Varoquaux, Caroline Huron, Bertrand Thirion, Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Psychiatry Générale, CHUV, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Service de neuroradiologie [Paris], Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Service de psychiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] ( CHUV ), service de neuroradiologie [Paris], Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data ( PARIETAL ), Service NEUROSPIN ( NEUROSPIN ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur ( LNAO ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Neuroimagerie cognitive ( UNICOG-U992 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Collège de France ( CDF ), Collège de France ( CdF ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), and Varoquaux, Gaël

Subjects
Adult, Male, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Neuropsychological Tests, Verbal learning, Brain mapping, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, Outpatients, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prefrontal cortex, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Memory Disorders, medicine.diagnostic_test, Working memory, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Verbal Learning, Executive functions, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oxygen, Psychiatry and Mental health, Memory, Short-Term, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral cortex, Schizophrenia, Case-Control Studies, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Female, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Anomalous activations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior cerebral areas have been reported in previous studies of working memory in schizophrenia. Several interpretations have been reported: e.g., neural inefficiency, the use of different strategies and differences in the functional organization of the cerebral cortex. To better understand these abnormal activations, we investigated the cerebral bases of a working memory component process, namely refreshing (i.e., thinking briefly of a just-activated representation). Fifteen patients with schizophrenia and 15 control subjects participated in this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Participants were told that whenever they saw a word on the screen, they had to read it silently to themselves (read and repeat conditions), and when they saw a dot, they had to think of the just-previous word (refresh condition). The refresh condition (in comparison with the read condition) was associated with significantly increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and significantly decreased connectivity within the prefrontal cortex and between the prefrontal and parietal cortices in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with control subjects. These results suggest that prefrontal dysfunctions in schizophrenia might be related to a defective ability to initiate (rather than to execute) specific cognitive processes.

Published
2013
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3. Retrieval of recent autobiographical memories is associated with slow-wave sleep in early AD.: Recent autobiographical memory in Alzheimer's disease

Author

Géraldine eRAUCHS, Pascale ePiolino, Françoise eBertran, Vincent ede La Sayette, Fausto eViader, Francis eEustache, Béatrice eDesgranges, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologiques [CHU Caen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service de Neurologie [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologiques [Caen], Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -CHU Caen, and Service de Neurologie [Caen]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, Precuneus, Polysomnography, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, Angular gyrus, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrosplenial cortex, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, positron emission tomography (PET), sleep, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Slow-wave sleep, Original Research, Recall, medicine.diagnostic_test, Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, autobiographical memory, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, memory consolidation, PET, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Memory consolidation, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Alzheimer’s disease, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract

International audience; Autobiographical memory is commonly impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the very recent past which is though highly important in daily life adaptation. In addition, the impact of sleep disturbances, also frequently reported in AD, on the consolidation and retrieval of autobiographical memories remains to be assessed. Using an adaptation of the TEMPau task, we investigated the neural substrates of autobiographical memory for recent events and the potential relationship with sleep in 14 patients with mild AD. On day 1, autobiographical memory was explored across 3 periods: remote (18-30 years), the last two years and the last month. After testing, sleep was recorded using polysomnography. The next day, AD patients benefited a resting state 18FDG-PET scan and a second exploration of autobiographical memory, focusing on the very recent past (today and yesterday). Total recall and episodic recall scores were obtained. In addition, for all events recalled, Remember responses justified by specific factual, spatial and temporal details were measured using the Remember/Know paradigm. Retrieval of autobiographical memories was impaired in AD, but recall of young adulthood and very recent events was relatively better compared to the two intermediate periods. Recall of recent events (experienced the day and the day preceding the assessment) was correlated with brain glucose consumption in the precuneus and retrosplenial cortex, the calcarine region, the angular gyrus and lateral temporal areas. AD patients also provided more Justified Remember responses for events experienced the previous day than for those experienced the day of the assessment. Moreover, Justified Remember responses obtained for events experienced before sleep were positively correlated with the amount of slow-wave sleep. These data provide the first evidence of an association between the ability to retrieve recent autobiographical memories and sleep in mild AD patients.

Published
2013

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