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Subdural contrast effusion secondary to endovascular treatment is exceptionally rare and might be mistaken as subdural hematoma because of similar hyperattenuation on computer tomography. The authors present the case of a 13-month-old girl with a history of increased head circumference and developmental retardation. Cerebral digital subtraction angiography showed a high-flow pial arteriovenous fistula fed by multiple arteries on the right cerebellar surface, with occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus and severe stenosis of the left sigmoid sinus. Staged endovascular treatments were performed to eliminate the fistula. Follow-up head computer tomography scans performed 3 h after both procedures demonstrated typical high-density subdural effusion with computer tomography attenuation value similar to hemorrhage. These effusions did not aggravate the condition and disappeared spontaneously 32 h after the first treatment and 29 h after the second, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the feasibility, safety, and short-term outcomes of angioplasty and stenting for patients with symptomatic non-acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (SNMCAO). Methods Eight SNMCAO patients who failed in medical treatment and under - went surgical recanalization, were collected from January to December 2019. The success rate, perioperative complications, prognosis and stent restenosis were summarized. Results In 8 cases, 7 cases succeeded adn 1 case failed. Four cases occurred perioperative complications, including symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (2 cases), fransient cerebral ischemic attact (1 case) and stent thrombosis (1 case). Seven to thirty days after operation the modifical Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2 score were seen in 6 cases, 3 in one case and 4 in one. Four months after operation one case occurred restenosis in the stent. Conclusions For patients with SNMCAO, if medical treatment is not effective, endovascular recanalization can be considered, but the recanalization technique is complicated and the incidence of complications is still high. Therefore, the safety and necessity of endovascular recanalization need to be strictly evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate and summarize the microsurgical technique for hypervascular neoplasms in the jugular foramen area after preoperative embolization therapy, so as to improve the surgical effect. Methods A total of 17 patients with hypervascular neoplasms in the jugular foramen area after preoperative embolization therapy undergone microsurgical operations from June 2016 to June 2019 were analyzed. The suboccipital retrosigmoid aproach (n = 4), infratemporal fossa approach (n = 3), transmastoid infralabyrinthine approach (n = 3), subtemporal transpetrosal approach (n = 3), combined subtemporal and retrosigmoid approach (n = 2), and far lateral approach (n = 2) were performed according to Samii classification. Results The total resection was achieved in 10 patients, subtotal resection in 4 patients and partial resection in 3 patients. Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 100 ml to 2300 ml, with an average blood loss of 1042 ml. Postoperative clinical symptoms improved in 9 cases. The new-developed and/or worsen lower cranial nerves dysfunction were observed in 5 cases. The new-developed and/or worsen facial paralysis were seen in 6 cases, hearing loss emerged in one case and incision exudation in 2 cases. No intracranial hematoma and death cases were found. Seventeen patients were followed up from 6 months to 3.50 years varied persisted hoarseness or dysphagia were seen in 5 cases. Three cases of recurrence and no death case were observed. Conclusions Intraoperative bleeding can be effectively controlled after preoperative embolization therapy of hypervascular neoplasms in the jugular foramen area. According to the classification of tumors, the surgical approaches are selected individually under the multi-disciplinary cooperation. To remove the tumor safely to great extent can achieve a better therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three series of 5-aryl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives containing a rhodanine moiety ( 5a – k , 6a – i , and 7a – i ) have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Some of these displayed potent antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 4–64 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values in the range of 8–256 μg/mL. Compared with previously reported rhodanine derivatives, these compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity by means of introducing 4-amino-5-aryl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione moiety. Notably, compound 5f exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN 4220, S. aureus 209, S. aureus 503, Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli 1924), and Candida albicans 7535 with MBC values of 8 or 16 μg/ml. All of the compounds synthesized in the current Letter were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, infrared and mass spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is currently the preferred treatment for severe carotid kinking and stenosis. Kinking is generally believed to be a relative contraindication for endovascular stent placement. This article aims to study the necessity, feasibility and security of carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) for symptomatic carotid kinking combined with stenosis, and summarize clinical experience of this disease according to therapeutic results. Methods Twenty - two cases with symptomatic carotid kinking and high-grade stenosis demonstrated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed CAS. Their clinical manifestations, imaging features, procedure safety and follow-up data were collected and retrospectively analyzed. All patients understood CEA and voluntarily received CAS. Results Twenty - two cases with carotid kinking and stenosis were all successfully performed CAS (the success rate was 100%) without stent-related disability or mortality. Twenty-four self-expandable stents were implanted. The mean degree of stenosis was reduced from 85.63% before stenting to 11.25% after stenting and the angles of kinking were improved from < 90° to > 120° (Metz' category). During the period of hospitalization, no transient ischemic attack (TIA) or cerebral infarction occurred, and the clinical symptoms and signs of ischemia, such as dizziness and headache, were improved or disappeared. Besides, no permenant complications or deaths happened. All cases were followed up from 6 to 72 months, among whom 1 patient experienced contralateral carotid TIA, and 2 patients experienced ipsilateral carotid TIA (one indicated aspirin resistance in platelet aggregation test and the other showed restenosis in DSA). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 10 patients and Duplex scan of 7 patients during the follow-up demonstrated carotid in good morphology and fluent blood flow, without kinking or restenosis. Conclusion CAS is a feasible and safe therapeutic method and maybe helpful to lower the risk of cerebral ischemia for the patients with symptomatic kinking and stenosis. However, further study is still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three series of 1,3-diaryl pyrazole derivatives bearing aminoguanidine or furan-2-carbohydrazide moieties have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Most of the synthesized compounds showed potent inhibition of several Gram-positive bacterial strains (including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates) and Gram-negative bacterial strains with minimum inhibitory concentration values in the range of 1–64 μg/mL. Compounds 6g , 6l and 7l presented the most potent inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus 4220), Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli 1924) and the fungus, Candida albicans 7535, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1 or 2 μg/mL. Compared with previous studies, these compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity. Furthermore, compound 7l showed the greatest anti-inflammatory activity (93.59% inhibition, 30 min after intraperitoneal administration), which was more potent than the reference drugs ibuprofen and indomethacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four series of [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine and tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine derivatives bearing substituted piperazine moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their positive inotropic activity by measuring the left atrium stroke volume in isolated rabbit-heart preparations. Several compounds were developed and showed favorable activities compared to the standard drug milrinone, with (4-([1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazin-6-yl)piperazin-1-yl)(p-tolyl)methanone (5g) being identified as the most potent with an increased stroke volume of 19.15±0.22% (milrinone: 2.46±0.07%) at a concentration of 3×10–5 M. A preliminary study of mechanism of action revealed that 5g displayed its positive inotropic effect may be related to the PDE-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. Compounds exhibiting inotropic effects were also evaluated in terms of the chronotropic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]