1. Avoiding the antenatal counselling faux pas: bridging the gap between prenatal prognostication and postnatal outcome of closed spina bifida.
- Author
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Udayakumaran, Suhas, Elayedatt, Rinshi Abid, and Krishnan, Vivek
- Subjects
COUNSELING ,SPINA bifida ,BLADDER diseases ,NEURAL tube defects ,ULTRASONIC imaging - Abstract
Purpose: Closed spina bifida (CSB) is rare in prenatal literature, and various lesions are grouped under this broad nosological entity CSB, leading to confusing and misleading prognostic conclusions. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study of prenatally detected CSB cases using two-dimensional ultrasound, complemented by three-dimensional ultrasonography and foetal MRI in indicated cases, from October 2014 to October 2021 in a tertiary-level single centre. Results: The most common upper vertebral level of CSB was lumbar in 66.6% (10/15). The sub-classification of lesions based on prenatal ultrasound showed an agreement in 53% of the cases. Sixty percent had associated abnormalities identified postnatally, the most common being anorectal malformation seen in 33.3%. On postnatal follow-up, 46.6% had bowel incontinence and bladder dysfunction, and 33.3% developed lower limb deformities. Conclusions: All CSBs do not have a uniformly favourable prognosis. The prognosis of CSB depends on the pathological type, the presence of associated abnormalities and the management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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