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Background: In laryngeal carcinoma, regional nodal metastasis serves as a significant prognostic factor. A special biomarker is needed to predict the status of nodal metastases. N-cadherin, a binding protein, aids in cell migration and enabling tumor cells to spread to new locations. The involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in metastasis includes fostering the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor and enhancing tumor cell motility. Objective: This study seeks to explore the distinctions and relationships in N-cadherin and MMP-9 expression among patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma at various N stages. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional approach, this study conducted an analytic observational investigation on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded patients whose histopathological diagnosis is laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital in 2018-2021. The samples were divided into N stages based on radiological imaging from the CT scan. Immunohistochemistry examinations were performed using N-cadherin and MMP-9 antibodies and scored using the immunoreactive score (IRS), based on percentage and intensity. The differences in expression and correlation between N-cadherin and MMP-9 were analyzed using statistical tests. Results: Statistical insignificance was observed in N-cadherin expression at various N stages (p = 0.099). There were significant differences in MMP-9 expressions at various N stages (p = 0.0006338). There was no correlation between N-cadherin and MMP-9 expression at various N stages in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.0638, rs = 0.27). Conclusion: In laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, MMP-9 serves as a predictor for lymph node metastasis, which, if present, deteriorates the patient's prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syphilis, also known as "the great imitator," is a sexually transmitted infection with a variety of clinical symptoms and histopathological similarities to other infectious diseases. Public health concerns about syphilis have grown significantly. Since 2000, there has been an increase in syphilis prevalence in the United States, with a 17.6% increase from 2015 to 2016. From 2000 to 2019, the number of syphilis cases throughout Asia increased from 0.9% to 30.9%, whilst the number of cases in Indonesia decreased from 22.5% to 14.4%. Specific serological tests for syphilis can usually detect and confirm the diagnosis and offer follow-up care in most cases. However, in certain instances, the clinical characteristics discovered during testing can be identical to those of other diseases, which may lead to inconsistent diagnosis. Considering that the diagnostic pathology is pertinent to the clinical circumstances, a histopathological investigation may be useful for differentiating syphilis mimickers. Pathology is essential for identifying potential syphilis patients with ambiguous clinical symptoms. This study's purpose was to assist dermatologists and pathologists in identifying "mimickers" that require a biopsy and in determining the correct diagnosis and treatment coutsed based on etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lymph node (LN) metastases were one characteristic of negative progress of NPC patient despite its advanced therapeutic approaches. One mechanism for the occurrence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated metastases is by increasing N-cadherin expression. The purpose of this research is to determine investigating N-cadherin expression against metastatic LN in NPC cases. Methods: Samples were taken by unproportionate stratified random sampling. N-cadherin expression was examined using immunohistochemistry methods. N-cadherin expression was assessed visually by binocular light microscopy. We analyzed these data using Mann–Whitney U-test to examine N-cadherin expression and lymph node metastases. Results: A strong expression was found in N3 group by 63.6%; 27.3% in the N2 group and 9.1% in the N1 group. In patients with NPC N0 or without lymph node metastases, N-cadherin expression is 0%. The expression of N-cadherin is indeed an indicator of the occurrence of lymph node metastases in NPC with a statistically significant analysis of p = 0.026 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There were correlations between N-cadherin expression and lymph node metastasis on NPC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world. It is necessary to study lung tissue of postmortem COVID19 patients to determine the molecular alteration particularly the role of IL-6 and IL-17 in causing fatality. Objective: This study aims to determine the differences in the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue of post-mortem COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients. This study also aimed to analyze the correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue of post-mortem COVID-19 patients. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with crosssectional approach. The samples were 15 paraffin blocks of post-mortem lung tissue biopsy of COVID-19 patients, and 15 paraffin blocks of inflammatory lung tissue biopsy or surgery of non-COVID-19 patients. IL-6 and IL-17 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical procedure. Result: There was a significant difference in the expression of IL-6 in the COVID-19 group and the non-COVID-19 group with a p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of IL-17 in the COVID-19 group and the non-COVID-19 group with p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in the COVID-19 group, with the Spearman coefficient value (rs) of 0.548 with p = 0.034 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There are differences in the expression of IL-6 and IL-17 between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 lung tissue. There is a significant correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in post-mortem lung tissue of COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Syntax Literate is the property of Ridwan Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection caused a morphological change known as Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Certain type of HPV infection could become persistent and progress to High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), which are high risk of becoming invasive cancer, Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Immunohistochemical staining with p16 known as the marker on cervical lesion caused by HPV infection, p16 strongly expressed on HSIL and SCC, but very weak to none on LSIL or HPV negative. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PDL-1) pathway has an important role in decreasing T cell response and promoting T cell tolerance on chronic viral infection. Analyzing correlation between PDL-1 and p16 expressions with LSIL, HSIL and SCC of the cervix. Analytical observational conducted on paraffin block samples of the LSIL, HSIL and SCC of the cervix, at the Anatomical Pathology laboratory, Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya. Immunohistochemical staining is performed to detect expression of PDL-1 and p16. The result was statistically analyzed using Chi-Square correlation test. There are marked positive correlation between P16 and PDL-1 with LSIL, HSIL, SCC (p<0.05) with positive correlative coefficient of 0.647. There is a marked positive correlation between P16 and PDL-1 with LSIL, HSIL, SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laryngeal carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the upper respiratory tract, more than 98% are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). New method is necessary for identifying and predicting nodal metastasis in laryngeal SCC. Overproliferating tumor cells will induce hypoxia and release HIF-1α, which in turn will upregulate CXCR4. CXCR4 then will induce MMP13, a protein that degrade extracellular matrix (ECM), thus promoting metastatic process. Methods: A cross sectional study, using 30 samples of laryngeal SCC, divided into two groups: based on cervical lymph node status. All samples were stained immunohistochemically against HIF-1α, CXCR4 and MMP13 antibody. The expressions were evaluated using immunoreactive score (IRS). Result: There were significant difference among HIF1α, CXCR4, and MMP13 in laryngeal SCC with positive nodal metastasis group compared to negative nodal metastasis group (p<0,05). There was no significant correlation between HIF-1α expression and CXCR4 expression (p = 0,403) (p>0,05). There were significant correlation between HIF-1α and MMP13 expression (rs = 0,499), and between CXCR4 and MMP13 expression (rs = 0,409). Conclusion: There were significant differences in HIF-1α, CXCR4 and MMP13 immunoexpression in laryngeal SCC with cervical nodal metastasis compared to laryngeal SCC without cervical nodal metastasis. There was a positive correlation between HIF-1α and MMP13 expression, positive correlation between CXCR4 and MMP13 expression, but there was no correlation between HIF-1α and CXCR4 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud: The problem of diagnostic lung tumor is a challenge for clinicians, especially pulmonologists in determining the definitive diagnosis of a lung tumor. Objective: To analyze the suitability of the results of anatomic pathology between Core-Needle Biopsy (CNB) and Fine-Needle Aspirate Biopsy (FNAB) in peripheral lung tumors. Method: The design of this study used a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the period September 2019-December 2020. Participants are examined by CNB and FNAB at one time. Statistical analysis used the Kappa test with p <0.05. Result: Most of the tumor locations were in the superior lobe of the right lung which had FNAB results in the category of malignancy (39.5%), non-malignant (30.0%), and undiagnosed (27.8%; p = 0.306). Meanwhile, in CNB, most of the tumor locations in the superior lobe of the right lung had CNB results in the malignant category (34.4%), non-malignancy (26.7%), and undiagnosed (75.0%; p = 0.240). Comparison of the results of the anatomical pathology from the FNAB and CNB materials in the malignance category as many as 35 participants (74.5%), 7 participants (53.8%) and undiagnosed non-malignancies with 4 participants (16.7%) with an accuracy of 69.69% (K = 0.43; p = 0.001 ). Conclusion: There is a sufficient degree of agreement between the anatomical pathology results of the FNAB and CNB materials for the diagnosis of peripheral lung tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer is a malignancy of the genitourinary system, which is ninth cancer globally with 430,000 new cases estimated in 2012. More than 50% of all bladder cancer incidents globally. Urothelial cell carcinoma is that commonest histological type. There are no good therapeutic options to date. Cancer occurs through various pathways, through disruption of tumor suppressor genes that inhibit apoptosis, the cell cycle continues so that cell proliferation occurs continuously and uncontrollably. Apoptosis can be seen from the p53 protein expressed by tumor cells as a mechanism for cell suicide, to remove cells that are not functioning. This p53 expression can assess tumor size and assess tumor cell proliferation, including urothelial bladder cancer cells. A nuclear protein called Ki-67 represents cell proliferation that highly active tumors. Ki-67 overexpression is related with worse oncologic outcomes in urothelial tumors. An increased level of cyclin D1 expression identified by immunohistochemistry is related to good progression and survival in bladder cancer. The analytical observation was conducted on 53 Urothelial Carcinoma of bladder patients who underwent cystectomy in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital during 2010-2019. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin blocks was performed using p53, Ki-67, and cyclin D1 antibodies in the pathology laboratory. Expression of p53, Ki-67 and cyclin D1 were semiquantitative measured then statistically analyzed. In the Spearman correlation test, the grade of bladder urothelial cell carcinoma correlated strongly with p53 expression. There was also a correlation between Ki-67 and T stage of bladder urothelial cell carcinoma. Still, p53 and Ki-67 are promising biomarkers for urothelial tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumour that attacks the female genital area originating from epithelial metaplasia in the squamous protocol junction area. One method of diagnosis of cervical cancer is to do a Pap smear examination by taking a cervical cell smear from the woman's cervix and observing its cell development. However, examination of cervical cancer from Pap smear results usually takes a long time. This is because medical practitioners still rely on visual observations in the analysis of the results of Pap smear so that the results are subjective. Therefore, we need a programme that can help the classification process in establishing a diagnosis of cervical cancer with high accuracy results. In this study, a cervical cancer classification program was developed using a combination of the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) methods. There are three classes of cervical cell images classified, namely adenocarcinoma, High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). From the results of the training program obtained an accuracy 100% and from the testing program obtained an accuracy of 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human and bovine dry amniotic membrane (AM) are used as an alternative therapy for the reconstruction of urethral defects. This study aimed to discover the difference of urethral mucosal integrity grading on rabbit's urethral defect reconstruction between bovine and human AM. Methods: This was a pure experimental study among 36 white male rabbits divided into two groups, the treatment group I using urethral defect reconstructed with human AM and the treatment group II treated by urethral defect reconstructed with bovine AM. Results: There was no grade 0 (no epithelial formation) in both treatment groups. The most samples in both groups were in grade 2 which was the formation of 2-3 layers of epithelium. It was found 13 rabbits in treatment group I and 16 rabbits in treatment group II. In this study, the mucosal integrity, based on the number of epithelial membrane layers, did not differ significantly between two groups (p = 0.748). There was no significant difference of postoperative mucosal integrity grading on days 7, 14, and 28 postoperative in treatment groups I and II (p = 0.368) Conclusion: This study proved that both human and bovine dry AM can be used as an equally good, cheap, and efficient alternative in the reconstruction of urethral defects by inducing re-epithelialization in the urethra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is an alternative radiation therapy to Conventional External Beam Radiotherapy (cEBRT), which can deliver high doses of radiation to the tumor site and minimize side effects to surrounding healthy tissue. This study aims to evaluate the different outcomes of SBRT and cEBRT for patients with spinal metastases. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted by the PRISMA guideline using multiple electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Sage Journal, CENTRAL, and Web of Science. All studies that fulfilled our PICO criteria were included in this study. Case series, case reports, and reviews were excluded from this review. Results: Studies with a high risk of bias and not assessing the radiotherapy outcome were also excluded. The RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools were used to analyze the quality of the selected studies. Basic data (sample size, sex, and average age of each group) and the outcome summary were tabulated. Based on the inclusion criteria, four literatures were selected for this study. Two out of three studies found that SBRT was more successful in reducing pain. Conclusion: SBRT showed better pain control, OS, progression-free survival (PFS), incidence rate, local failure rate, and adverse event (AE) than cEBRT, but no significant difference in the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urothelial Cell Carcinoma (UCC), also called transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, is the most common malignancy in urinary tract. The prognosis of this disease is highly dependent on the histological grading at diagnosis. Fas/CD95 has a role in apoptotic process, whereas HSP70 has an antiapoptotic role. This study aimed to analyze the expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 in low grade and high grade urothelial cell carcinoma in the bladder. This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional approach. Population and sample were paraffin blocks of urothelial cell carcinoma in the Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya in the period of January 2011-December 2016. Each grading of urothelial cell carcinoma was randomly sampled. Immunohistochemystry with Fas/CD95 and HSP70 were performed. Expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 were assessed semiquantitatively. Expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test. The results showed there was significant different in expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 in low and high grades in urothelial cell carcinoma. There was no significant correlation between the expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 in urothelial cell carcinoma. As a conclusion, the role of CD95 and HSP70 expression can be useful as marker for the diagnosis, especially in the determination of the grade of differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor of the jaw. Preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is one of diagnostic modalies in establishing diagnosis of ameloblastoma. Until present time, diagnostic accuracy of FNAB in ameloblastoma of the jaw had not been determined. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of FNAB in ameloblastoma.Histopathology archives of jaw bone lesions between January 2005 and December 2007 in Pathology Department Dr.Soetomo Hospital Surabaya were retrieved. One hundred and ninety two cases of jaw bone lesions were collected. Preoperative FNAB results were available for 65 cases. Retrospective review of 65 consecutive preoperative FNAB slides was compared with the corresponding histopathology diagnosis. The accuracy of FNAB in ameloblastoma was 76.9%, with sensitivity and specificity value were 53.1% and 100% respectively. Despite the low sensitivity value, FNAB had sufficient diagnostic accuracy, thus could be considered in preoperative diagnosis of ameloblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]