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Congenital hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease in children. In Türkiye, neonatal screening has been performed since 2007 with a cut-off Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level of 5.5 mU/L. The initial treatment period is within the first 14 days. Reevaluation of thyroid function and thyroxine doses is necessary to determine whether the condition is permanent or transient congenital hypothyroidism. Numerous studies and proposals have been published on this topic. This article reviews the publications related to this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Obesity is a significant public health problem worldwide. Vitamin deficiencies, developing due to monotype nutrition, are more likely to be observed in patients than healthy children. The present study evaluates vitamin and micronutrient levels in children and adolescents with obesity and metabolic syndrome compared to healthy controls. Methods. The study included 73 patients with obesity, 64 patients with metabolic syndrome and 71 healthy children (control group) aged 10 to 16 years. Physical examinations were performed, and waist circumference and systolic blood pressure measurements were recorded. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, insulin, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid and free carnitine levels were analyzed. The homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated and recorded. Results. The mean age of all patients was 11.9±2.6 years. The serum insulin level and HOMA-IR index were found to be significantly higher in the obesity and metabolic syndrome groups. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of vitamin A, vitamin B6 and free carnitine levels. Significantly decreased vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin B12 and folic acid and increased vitamin B1 levels were observed in the obesity and metabolic syndrome groups. Conclusions. Compared to healthy children, children with obesity and metabolic syndrome may have varying degrees of micronutrient and vitamin deficiency due to poor and unbalanced eating habits. These deficiencies should also be considered in the treatment and follow-up of obesity and metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate a possible role of the endocrine disruptors phthalates, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) aetiopathogenesis. We also wished to evaluate the relationship between phthalates and metabolic disturbances in adolescents with PCOS. Methods: A total of 124 adolescents were included. Serum MEHP and DEHP levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Insulin resistance was evaluated using homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, fasting glucose/insulin ratio, Matsuda index, and total insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test. Participants were further subdivided into lean and obese subgroups according to body mass index (BMI). Results: Sixty-three PCOS and 61 controls, (mean age 15.2±1.5; range: 13-19 years) were enrolled. Serum DEHP and MEHP concentrations were not significantly different between PCOS and control groups. The mean (95% confidence interval) values of DEHP and MEHP were 2.62 (2.50-2.75) μg/mL vs 2.71 (2.52-2.90) μg/mL and 0.23 (0.19-0.29) μg/mL vs 0.36 (0.18-0.54) μg/mL in PCOS and the control groups respectively, p>0.05. Correlation analysis, adjusted for BMI, showed that both phthalates significantly correlated with insulin resistance indices and serum triglycerides in adolescents with PCOS. Conclusion: Serum DEHP and MEHP concentrations were not different between adolescents with or without PCOS. However, these phthalates are associated with metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, independently of obesity, in girls with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective  To investigate the effect of pretreatment with obestatin (OB), an endogenous hormone also found in mother's milk, in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Study Design  Pups were randomized into four groups: control, OB-control, NEC, and OB-NEC. NEC was induced by asphyxia and hypothermia in the NEC and OB-NEC groups. OB was administered to the OB-control and OB-NEC groups. Macroscopic scoring of the intestinal tract was evaluated and tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and biochemical examination on the fourth day. Results  OB improved the macroscopic appearance of the gut and the clinical score during the experiment (p   <  0.05). The rate of occurrence of NEC in the OB-NEC group was lower than the NEC group (p   =  0.001). OB prevented necrosis and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the OB-NEC group compared with the NEC group (p   =  0.006). Furthermore, interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde levels in the OB-NEC group were lower than the NEC group (p   <  0.05). Conclusion  OB reduced intestinal damage and prevented necrosis through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in experimental NEC. This effect of OB should be confirmed in clinical studies. Furthermore, future research should investigate whether OB plays a role in NEC pathogenesis or NEC is associated with OB levels in the serum and in breast milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypopituitarism is defined as a decreased release of hypophyseal hormones, which may be caused by disease of the pituitary gland disease or hypothalamus. The clinical findings of neonatal hypopituitarism depend on the causes and on presence and extent of hormonal deficiency. Patients may be asymptomatic or may demonstrate non-specific symptoms, but may still be at risk for development of pituitary hormone deficiency over time. Patient history, physical examination, endocrinological, radiological and genetic evaluations are all important for early diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this paper was to present a review of etiological factors, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment approaches in neonatal hypopituitarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many transient endocrinologic disorders are frequently seen in newborn period. Early diagnosis and treatment is important for babies. In this article, transient endocrinopathy of newborn and relevant literature were reviewed. Blood sugar problems, especially adrenal insufficiency due to adrenal problems, thyroid problems such as transient hypotirotropinemia, are frequently encountered by physicians. Genital and urinary problems should be evaluated differently according to gender. Problems related to calcium metabolism, problems associated with water metabolism and endocrine skin problems are other problems. It is essential to know the normals of the hormones in the neonatal period in order to recognize them properly, to evaluate them properly and to interpret the tests correctly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnosis and distinguish from genetic obesity syndromes. The underlying causes of the disease have not been fully explained. Hypothalamic dysfunction causes endocrine problems, respiratory dysfunction and autonomic alterations. Currently there are around 80 reported patients although this is likely due to underdiagnosis due to lack of recognition. We present two female patients suspected of ROHHAD due to weight gain starting in early childhood. Clinical and biochemical findings such as respiratory and circulatory dysfunction, hypothalamic hypernatremia, central hypothyrodism, hyperprolactinemia and central early puberty in these patients matched the criteria for ROHHAD syndrome. ROHHAD syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of monogenic obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Insulin is an important hormone for intrauterine growth. Irisin is an effective myokine in the regulation of physiological insulin resistance in pregnancy. Leptin and insulin are associated with fetal growth and fetal adiposity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between irisin, insulin and leptin levels and maternal weight gain, as well as anthropometric measurements in the newborn. Methods: Eighty-four mothers and newborns were included in the study. Irisin, leptin and insulin levels were measured in the mothers and in cord blood. Anthropometric measurements in the newborn, maternal weight at the beginning of the pregnancy and at delivery were recorded. Results: Birth weight were classified as small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). There was no difference in irisin levels among the groups. Leptin and insulin levels were found to change significantly according to birth weight (p=0.013, and p=0.012, respectively). There was a negative correlation between the anthropometric measurements of the AGA newborns and irisin levels. This correlation was not observed in SGA and LGA babies. Leptin levels were associated with fetal adiposity. Conclusion: While irisin levels are not affected by weight gain during pregnancy nor by birth weight, they show a relationship with anthropometric measurements in AGA infants. These results may lead to the understanding of metabolic disorders that will occur in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different causes of urogenital bleeding in prepubertal girls. These include vulvovaginitis, urinary infections, urethral prolapse, urethral caruncle, vaginal foreign bodies, hormonal causes, tumors, posterior labial fusion, lichen sclerosis. Among the tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma and papilloma are prominent. In this article, a case of urogenital hemorrhage due to papilloma located at the base of the bladder was presented and the relevant literature was reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Current Pediatrics / Guncel Pediatri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the management of primary pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), which is a rare disease. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of primary PHA1. Results: Of the eight patients diagnosed with primary PHA1, two had renal PHA1 and five had systemic PHA1. Five patients were initially administered steroids until a definite diagnosis was made. One patient was initially misdiagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to "the high-dose hook effect". In patients with systemic PHA1, the highest salt requirement was 32-53 mEq/kg/day, which gradually decreased in all patients. Salt supplementation could not be stopped in patients with systemic PHA1 except one patient. Four of the eight patients died. Conclusion: After excluding the causes that may lead to secondary PHA in the initial evaluation of patients referred with a salt-depletion crisis, a differential diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and PHA1 should be made. The hook effect and interference probabilities should be considered for evaluating hormone levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cystatin C (CysC) is commonly used as a marker of renal failure in premature infants. The aim of this study was to investigate serum CysC levels in osteopenia of prematurity (OP) and determine whether CysC could be safely used as a marker of renal insufficiency in infants with OP. Methods: Subjects were 50 preterm infants (≤32 gestational weeks). Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serum levels were measured in postnatal week nine, and bone density was measured concurrently by quantitative ultrasonography. Patients with a Z score of <-2 were considered to have OP. Results: The mean serum CysC levels in preterm infants in postnatal week nine were 1.50±0.19 mg/L. Serum CysC levels were not correlated with speed of sound values, Z scores, serum Ca, P or ALP levels. Serum CysC levels were not significantly different between infants with OP [1.50 (1.35-1.61) mg/L] and in infants without OP [1.58 (1.28-1.70) mg/L]. Conclusion: The presence of OP does not affect the safety of CysC as a marker of renal insufficiency in preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMAS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and progressive sensorineural deafness. Mutations in the SLC19A2 gene that codes for thiamine transporter 1 protein cause TRMAS, and more than 30 homozygous mutations have been identified to date. Congenital heart diseases and arrhythmias have been reported in few patients. We present cardiac features of five patients with TRMAS. Five patients had macrocytic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and sensorineural deafness. Two siblings had also optic atrophy. SLC19A2 gene mutation was shown in all patients. Two patients developed supraventricular tachycardia during an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis. Five patients had absent P waves on baseline electrocardiography, and one patient had additional low QRS voltage. None of the patients had structural heart disease. Discontinuation of thiamine treatment appears to trigger supraventricular tachycardia episodes at puberty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: The aim of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) is to gather a comprehensive profile of neonatal functioning by describing the full range of neonatal behavior, including competencies and strengths, as well as difficulties or deviations. This instrument has proved to be of great clinical value by detecting infants at risk for later developmental problems. This work was conducted methodologically with the aim of a Turkish validity and reliability study of the BNBAS. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a large tertiary hospital in Turkey. After establishing content and language validity, the BNBAS was applied to 380 newborns aged 1–3 days and test–retest analysis was performed for 60 newborns 52–55 days later in the first phase. The validity and reliability study of the BNBAS included behavior and support subscales, while reflex items were not included. Results: In the study, 5 items were excluded from the original BNBAS after the factor analysis. Cronbach alpha was found as 0.974 (30 items). The behavior subscale consisted of 23 items and the support subscale consisted of 7 items. Newborns showed good overall tone and activity level and low amounts of irritable behavior. Conclusion: It may be recommended to use the BNBAS as a valid and reliable measurement tool in neonatal behavioral evaluation by physicians and nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Journal of Bakirkoy is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: As in adults, hypertension is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in children. We aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep duration on blood pressure in normal weight Turkish children aged between 11-17 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the primary and secondary schools of the two central and ten outlying districts of Kayseri, Turkey. Subjects were 2860 children and adolescents (1385 boys, 1475 girls). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured according to the recommendations of the Fourth Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Sleep duration was classified as follows: ≤8 hours, 8.1-8.9 hours, 9.0-9.9 hours or≥10 hours. Results: For short sleeper boys and girls (participants with a sleep duration≤8 h) the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 35.0% and 30.8%, respectively. In univariate binary logistic regression analyses (age-adjusted), each unit increment in sleep duration (hours) in boys and girls, decreased the prehypertension and hypertension risk by 0.89 [odds ratio (OR)] [confidance interval (CI); 0.82-0.98] and 0.88 (OR) (CI; 0.81-0.97), respectively (p<0.05). In multiple binary logistic regression analyses [age- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted] the location of the school and sleep duration categories were shown to be the most important factors for prehypertension and hypertension in both genders, while household income was the most important factor, only in boys. Conclusions: A sleep duration ≤8 h is an independent risk factor for prehypertension and hypertension in Turkish children aged 11-17 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Metabolic impairment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with poor glycemic control causes insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), atherosclerosis, and increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Fetuin-A has a protective effect in cardiovascular disorders and is increased in hepatosteatosis. We aimed to investigate the reliability of fetuin-A levels in early detection of diabetic complications in children with T1DM and to identify a cut-off value that may show poor metabolic control. Methods: The study included 80 patients who had T1DM for at least 5 years and who had no chronic complications or an auto-immune disorder. Blood samples were drawn to measure hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), biochemical parameters, and fetuin-A levels. Anthropometric parameters were also measured. Percent body fat was calculated. Hepatosteatosis and CIMT were assessed by sonography. Results: Mean age of the patients was 13.5 years. Grade 1 hepatosteatosis was detected in 10%. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on presence of NAFLD. Fetuin-A level was increased in patients with NAFLD. We identified a fetuin-A cut-off value (514.28 ng/mL; sensitivity: 47.34; specificity: 96.72) that may predict NAFLD. HbA1c and total cholesterol levels were found to be higher in patients with fetuin-A levels above higher the cut-off value. Conclusion: Fetuin-A is a reliable parameter in the prediction of complications and poor glycemic control in patients with T1DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the current study was to provide wrist circumference (WrC) and body frame size (height/WrC) percentile values in Turkish children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data of "Determination of Anthropometric Measures of Turkish Children and Adolescents" (DAMTCA II) study in Kayseri/Turkey were used. A total of 4330 observations were recorded (1931 boys, 2399 girls). The WrC and frame size reference values were produced with generalized additive models for location, scale and shape. Results: The WrC percentiles (3rd-97th) were calculated. The frame size (height/WrC) was estimated as small, medium, and large (<15th, 15-85th, and ≥85th percentiles, respectively). For both genders, WrC linearly increased with age (13.0-16.8 cm for boys and 12.5-15.5 cm for girls). In boys and girls, the mean ± standard deviation of WrC is 13.00±0.89 cm and 12.48±0.93 cm (6 years) and increases to 16.83±1.16 and 15.58±0.86 cm (17 years), respectively. The WrC values in all age groups were higher in boys compared with girls. The increment in frame size from 6 to 17 years were 1.25 cm in boys and 0.85 cm in girls. Conclusion: WrC is a simple, easy-to-detect anthropometric index which is not subject to measurement errors. Additionally, WrC can be used both to decide about frame size and to determine metabolic risks related to obesity. We consider that this easy-to-get anthropometric index can be used both in screening procedures and clinical assessment procedure for obesity-related metabolic consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bart’s syndrome, which was first described by Bart in 1966, comprises congenital localized absence of skin, congenital epidermolysis bullosa, and associated nail abnormalities. A newborn infant with Bart’s syndrome is reported herein since it is a very rare condition, especially when associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report presenting a case of Bart’s syndrome associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Journal of Bakirkoy is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Understanding risk factors that may vary culturally can help improve preventive strategies for obesity. This is the first cross-sectional study aimed to determine the risk factors for overweight/obesity in children aged 2-6 years in a central Anatolian city in Turkey. Methods: A total of 1582 children (1351 healthy, 231 over-weight/obese) aged 2-6 years were included from the Anthropometry of Turkish Children aged 0-6 years data-base. Age, gender, birth weight, birth order, mother's age, mother's body mass index (BMI), weight gain of mothers during pregnancy, presence of gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, history of formula feeding, mother's and father's education, mother's job, monthly income, smoking at home and physical activity, sleep duration and duration of television (TV) watching of the children were evaluated as independent risk factors. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors for overweight/obesity. Results: Having a high family income compared to bad [odds ratio (OR) = 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.237-3.106], increased the time of watching TV during the weekend (OR = 1.094; 95% CI: 1.032-1.159), and similar physical activity level according to their peers compared to less (OR = 2.957; 95% CI: 1.056-8.282) were found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight/ obesity in children aged 2-6 years old. Conclusions: The early childhood period seems to be important in the establishment of healthy behavioral patterns, especially limitation of TV watching and encouragement of physical activity. Obesogenic environment in families with high incomes need to be revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism may occur in mothers with Graves' disease. Fetal thyrotoxicosis manifestation is observed with the transition of TSH receptor stimulating antibodies to the fetus from the 17th- 20th weeks of pregnancy and with the fetal TSH receptors becoming responsive after 20 weeks. The diagnosis is confirmed by fetal tachycardia, goiter and bone age advancement in pregnancy and maternal treatment is conducted in accordance. The probability of neonatal hyperthyroidism is high in the babies of mothers that have ongoing antithyroid requirement and higher antibody levels in the last months of pregnancy. Clinical manifestation may be delayed by 7-17 days because of the antithyroid drugs taken by the mother. Neonatal hyperthyroidism symptoms can be confused with sepsis and congenital viral infections. Herein, the diagnosis and therapeutic approach are reviewed in cases of fetal neonatal hyperthyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is classified as classical CAH and non-classical CAH (NCCAH). In the classical type, the most severe form comprises both salt-wasting and simple virilizing forms. In the non-classical form, diagnosis can be more confusing because the patient may remain asymptomatic or the condition may be associated with signs of androgen excess in the postnatal period or in the later stages of life. This review paper will include information on clinical findings, symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modules of NCCAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare updated weight and height percentiles of 6-17-year-old children from all socio-economic levels in Kayseri with previous local references and other national/international data. Methods: The second study "Determination of Anthropometric Measurements of Turkish Children and Adolescents study (DAMTCA II)" was conducted in Kayseri, between October 2007 and April 2008. Weight and height measurements from 4321 (1926 boys, 2395 girls) school children aged between 6 to 17 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Using these data, weight and height percentile curves were produced with generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) and compared with the most recent references. Results: Smoothed percentile curves including the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th, and 97th percentiles were obtained for boys and girls. These results were compared with DAMTCA I study and with two national (İstanbul and Ankara) and international data from Asia and from Europe. Conclusion: This study provides updated weight and height references for Turkish school children aged between 6 and 17 years residing in Kayseri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Limited information is available about the use of neck circumference (NC) to assess obesity in preschool children. This study aims to provide NC percentiles and determine the cut-off levels of NC as a measure to assess obesity in preschool children. Methods: The data were obtained from the Anthropometry of Turkish Children aged 0-6 years (ATCA-06) study database. A total of 21 family health centers were chosen and children aged 2-6 years old from all socioeconomic levels were randomly selected from the lists of district midwives; 1766 children (874 male and 892 female; 88.3% of sample size) were included in the study. The smoothed centile curves of NC were constructed by the LMS method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to calculate cut-off points for NC using body mass index ≥95th percentile. Results: Mean NC was greater in males than females. Cut-off values for obesity were found to be statistically significant in both genders other than 3 years old boys. The NC percentiles of Turkish preschool children were slightly greater than those of other European preschool children in both genders. This difference disappeared around the adiposity rebound period. The 97th percentile values for Turkish preschool children continue to be greater in both genders. Conclusion: NC may be useful to define obesity in preschool children. Since ethnic and various other factors may have a role in incidence of obesity, local reference data are important in assessment of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Current Pediatrics / Guncel Pediatri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether TSH and fT4 have a role in the angiogenesis of vaso-obliteration and neovascularization which are the basic pathophysiology of ROP. METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, the control group (n = 56) included preterm newborns with risk for ROP while the laser group (n = 63) was recruited from cases who developed severe neovascularization and needed laser photocoagulation therapy. Considering the first (vaso-obliteration) and second (neovascularization) phases of the disease, in this study we researched the distribution of thyroid function tests between groups. RESULTS:With regard to the first phase of the disease, TSH and fT4 showed no significant differences between the control and laser groups accordingly (P > 0.05). Likewise, in the second phase of ROP, there was no significant difference between the control and laser groups with respect to TSH and fT4 levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: We found that between the study groups, the levels of thyroid function tests did not have any significant differences, either in the first or the second phases of ROP which are the principal pathophysiology of the disease. Therefore, it was concluded that thyroid hormone values were not informative markers in the course of the disease in preterm babies at risk of developing ROP [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contiguous gene deletions of chromosome Xp21 can lead to glycerol kinase deficiency and severe adrenocortical insufficiency (AI) in a male newborn among other problems. We describe our experience with two such patients who presented with dysmorphic facies, AI, and pseudo-hypertriglyceridemia. Both infants had normal serum 17-hidroxyprogesterone levels, and adrenal glands could not be observed with ultrasonography. Creatine kinase and triglyceride levels were measured to elucidate the etiology of adrenal hypoplasia and were above normal limits in both cases. Both patients required steroid and salt supplementation. They were both found to have Xp21.2 deletions (DMD, NR0B1, GK, IL1RAPL1). We conclude that AI in the context of other genetic abnormalities should prompt chromosomal investigations in the absence of another unifying explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most well known complications of fleet enema solution are cardiac insufficiency, renal failure, water-electrolyte imbalance, and ileus. A 7-y-old girl with phenylketonuria and long-term constipation was admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of seizure, vomiting and abdominal distention. Laboratory results revealed hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. ECG findings showed normal sinus rhythm and prolonged QT interval. At the follow-up, the patient's abdominal distention was markedly increased. She was evaluated for a surgical pathology and, this was considered unlikely. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was 19.5 mmHg. Gastric and colonic decompression, intravenous 10 % calcium gluconate were applied. After 2 d of treatment, the patient's condition became stable, and serum calcium and phosporus normalized to 8.8 mg/dl and 4.0 mg/dl, respectively. Abdominal distention regressed and the last IAP measurement was 3.5 mmHg. Thus, IAP measurements are a useful adjunct in clinical follow-up of patients with progressive abdominal distention due to phosphate enema use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity, in childhood or in adulthood, remains to be a global health problem. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased in the last few decades, and consequently, the women of our time suffer more gestational problems than women in the past. The prevalence of obesity is greater in older women than in younger ones and in women with low educational level than in their counterparts with a higher level of education. Maternal obesity during pregnancy may increase congenital malformations and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal obesity is associated with a decreased intention to breastfeed, decreased initiation of breastfeeding, and decreased duration of breastfeeding. We discuss the current epidemiological evidence for the association of maternal obesity with congenital structural neural tube and cardiac defects, fetal macrosomia that predisposes infants to birth injuries and to problems with physiological and metabolic transition, as well as potential for long-term complications secondary to prenatal and neonatal programming effects compounded by a reduction in sustained breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies evaluating the relationship between oral health status and obesity have provided conflicting data. Therefore, there is a great need to investigate and clarify the possible connection in a comprehensive sample. Aims: To assess the relationship of obesity and oral health status among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years-old. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were obtained from 4,534 children and adolescents (2,018 boys and 2,516 girls). Questionnaires were sent home prior to examination; afterwards, anthropometric and dental data were collected from participants. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the permanent dentition (DMFT), and deciduous dentition (dmft) index were used to measure oral health status. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage were analyzed. Results: For DMFT scores, healthy (score=0) girls and boys had significantly higher BMI and WC values than unhealthy (score>1) girls and boys (p<0.05). Healthy girls had higher fat percentage values than unhealthy girls (p<0.05). In terms of CPI scores, healthy boys had lower BMI and WC values than unhealthy boys (p<0.05). According to multiple binary logistic regression results for model 1, BMI predicted DMFT scores in both genders but CPI scores only in boys. No beverage consumption predicted DMFT scores in boys, while milk consumption predicted DMFT scores in girls. No meal skipping predicted CPI scores in boys. For model 2, WC predicted DMFT scores in both genders and CPI scores only in boys. Milk consumption predicted DMFT scores only in girls. No meal skipping predicted CPI scores for both gender (p<0.05). According to DMFT, there were significant differences between the frequencies of the BMI groups (normal weight, overweight and obese) at the age of 7 (girls only), 9, 10, and 16 (boys only) years and overall (only girls) (p<0.05). According to CPI, significant differences between the frequencies of the BMI groups at the age of 16 (boys only) and 17 (girls only) were seen (p<0.05). Conclusion: Periodontal and dental status appears to correlate with nutritional habits and obesity. Obesity and dental/periodontal diseases are multifactorial diseases that follow similar risk patterns and develop from an interaction between chronic conditions originating early in life. It is important for all health professionals to educate patients at risk about the progression of periodontal and dental diseases and the importance of proper oral hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]