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BackgroundDespite accessible diagnostics and treatment of hypertension, a high proportion of patients worldwide remain unaware of their diagnosis, and even more remain untreated. Several studies suggest that absence of comorbidities is a predictive factor for unawareness and consequently non-treatment of hypertension. There are only a few studies that have assessed the hypertension prevalence and management among apparently healthy individuals.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess and compare hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among apparently healthy individuals, patients with internal diseases, and patients with non-internal diseases.MethodsData from standardised blood pressure measurements conducted during the Czech European Health Examination Survey 2014 and information on health status and health care use collected during the Czech European Health Interview Survey 2014 were analyzed. We focused on participants aged 25-64. Data were weighted on sex and age to ensure an appropriate sex and age structure of the population. The χ2-test and binary logistic regression analyses were used to compare distribution of cascade of care for hypertension between the health-status groups of respondents.ResultsThe final eligible sample consisted of 1121 participants. The prevalence of hypertension was 32.8% in the healthy group, 29.8% in the non-internal disease group and 52.4% in the internal disease group, (p < 0.001). Awareness was 54.1%, 59.1% and 85.2% respectively, (p < 0.001). Treatment was 44.2%, 52.6% and 86.4%, respectively, (p < 0.001). Among apparently healthy respondents 62.6% had their blood pressure measured by a medical professional in the last year, compared to 71.1% in the non-internal disease group and 91.7% in the internal disease group, (p < 0.001). Differences in hypertension control were not statistically significant.ConclusionsGenerally, our data show a discordance in hypertension management within the Czech population. Apparently healthy individuals are the least aware of their diagnosis and the highest proportion of them remain untreated.

Continuous glucose monitoring is a significant benefit in care of patients with diabetes. By using CGM systems, a variety of new parameters, such as "glucose management indicator " (GMI), were established to describe glycaemic control of patients. GMI can in some ways imitate glycated haemoglobin, but is not always easily interchangeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emissions from the aircraft are split between CO2, non-CO2 gases and aerosols. CO2 is a well-known long-lived greenhouse gas. The other emissions consist mainly of NOx, water vapour, unburned hydrocarbons, sulphates and black carbon. The cruise altitude of present jet aircraft is approximately 9-13 km. Globally the largest proportion of emissions are released in this altitude range containing the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The geographical pattern of aircraft emissions reflects the structure of global scheduled air traffic. Emission maxima are found over North America, Europe, the North Atlantic flight corridor, Southeast Asia and the Far East. The largest amounts of emissions are released in the northern hemisphere. The impact of emissions of chemical compounds by aircraft engines can be seen in context of the chemical processes occurring in the natural troposphere and stratosphere. The changes in atmospheric chemistry due to aircraft emissions are investigated by usage of numerical models, for example atmospheric chemistry transport models and chemistry – climate models.

Clouds are the most visible elements of the sky and significantly contribute to the weather we experience every day. Clouds play an important role in the global energy and water budgets and affect the climate of the Earth. The presence of clouds affects the radiation balance of the region, the temperature of the air and exposed surfaces. Cloud formation requires moisture, aerosol particles and a process of cooling the air. The properties of many minute particles, that make up the cloud, characterize its microstructure. The special flight laboratory of University of Žilina presents unique device for obtaining information especially concerning the cloudy formation (base and upper-level cloudiness, state of matter, visibility in particular cloud types), turbulence, icing and concentration of the environmental gases and short-waves and long-waves radiation as well. This laboratory is a part of project „Centre of Excellence for Air Transport“ ITMS 26220120065 and will be irreplaceable source of meteorological information within the airport area and equally along chosen flight route.