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Abstract Objective To assess the frequency of surgical techniques at cesarean delivery (CD) among U.S. obstetricians. Methods Members of the American College of Obstetrician Gynecologists were randomly selected and e-mailed an online survey that assessed surgical closure techniques, demographics, and reasons. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance. Results Our response rate was 53%, and 247 surveys were analyzed. A similar number of respondents either “always or usually” versus “rarely or never” reapproximate the rectus muscles (38.4% versus 43.3%, p = 0.39), and close parietal peritoneum (42.5% versus 46.9%, p = 0.46). The most frequently used techniques were double-layer hysterotomy closure among women planning future children (73.3%) and suturing versus stapling skin (67.6%); the least frequent technique was closure of visceral peritoneum (12.2%). Surgeons who perform double-layer hysterotomy closure had fewer years in practice (15.0 versus 18.7 years, p = 0.021); surgeons who close visceral peritoneum were older (55.5 versus 46.4 years old, p

The Effects of Estrogen on Brain Function. Natalie L. Rasgon (Ed.). 2006. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 167 pp., $49.95 (HB).The Effects of Estrogen on Brain Function, edited by Natalie L. Rasgon, is a collection of chapters about estrogen written by experts from different scientific disciplines. The research and controversies surrounding cognitive and neurophysiological changes related to hormone replacement therapy, especially within the context of Alzheimer's disease, are a primary focus. Apparent discrepancies arising from animal models suggesting beneficial effects of estrogen on cognitive performance paired with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women are addressed, and relevant literature from basic science research on estrogen neuroprotective and neurodegenerative effects at the cellular level to epidemiological studies in humans are discussed. Related research in neuroimaging and psychiatry are also included. However, one does not need an in-depth understanding of these diverse disciplines in order to come away from the book with a comprehensive understanding of the science and theoretical models involved. Although little time is spent on neuropsychological issues, the book should be of interest to anyone who does clinical assessment or research involving women. The effects of estrogen on cognitive performance are complex, as this book makes clear, and the information contained within this volume is relevant to the field of neuropsychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]