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This work modifies the architecture of conventional CNN with the integration of Multi-resolution Analysis (MRA) in a CNN framework for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) diagnosis and grading. Here, the HF sub-bands are subjected to optimized activations and are directly fed to the fully connected layers, as it encompasses edge features. Unlike FD-Relu, the proposed function preserves significant negative coefficients, compared to the S-Relu, the proposed third-order S-Relu is optimized such that it sustains the activations in the range suitable for the wavelet coefficients. The coefficients of higher-order terms of the proposed 3rd-order S-Relu are optimized with PSO, fitting the maximum energy of the wavelet sub-bands to ensure High Frequency (HF) edge preservation. The authors re-architecture 3 different CNNs published in the Retinal Image analysis field, with spatial and wavelet inputs with optimized activations. The highest accuracy of 96% is attained with the AlexNet re-architecture, with 35,126 fundus images secured from the Kaggle dataset. As we can infer the proposed re-architecture wavelet CNN outperformed the multiscale shallow CNNs, multiscale attention net, and stacked CNNs with a 6.6, 0.3, 0.7 per cent increase in accuracy. The entire implementation of the wavelet CNN is made available under source code.

Background Sudden and unexpected deaths are increasing drastically. The main cause of sudden death is cardiovascular disease, out of which coronary artery disease predominates forming 80% of the cases. Most of the time, detecting early changes in myocardial infarction during the autopsy is challenging since gross infarct changes do not appear until after 24 to 48 hours of myocardial ischemia injury. So, the aim of this study was to compare two test to detect early changes of Myocardial Infarction one by using Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining of the myocardial tissue, during autopsy and other by histopathological examination. Methods The sample size of 60 hearts taken from all the sudden deaths cases brought to Mortuary with suspected cause of death due to cardiac origin. The heart was obtained from the deceased by standard post-mortem technique. Serial full-thickness transverse sections of the heart were taken at 2 cm intervals from the apex to the atrioventricular groove. All the serial slices of heart are taken for histochemical staining and TTC staining. Results In histopathological examination 34 hearts were diagnosed with myocardial infarction and 26 hearts reported non myocardial infarction. With TTC 40 hearts remained unstained suggestive of myocardial infarction and 20 hearts were stained suggestive of non-infarcted hearts. TTC staining in our study shows an accuracy of 88.33%. Conclusion The result of this study shows that the Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride test, a histochemical staining technique of heart, is reliable approach for forensic pathologists to diagnose early myocardial infarction during the post-mortem examination.

Superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) is a leading candidate for applications requiring the fundamental limit of light detection at high detection rates. While SNSPD technology employing nanowires from conventional low temperature superconducting detectors is mature with several commercial solutions, other material options with higher transition temperature approaching liquid nitrogen with faster signal responses are actively being explored. In this context, we develop a comprehensive model that predicts the final potential response from an SNSPD incorporating several physical and material aspects. A phase diagram of photon detection is developed that describes the latching phases and the photon sensitivity as a function of biasing current and temperature for both low temperature and high temperature superconductors. On the one hand, while low temperature superconductors are observed to be more sensitive than high temperature superconductors (HTSs) under any given biasing condition, a biasing window for a single photon detection with HTS nanowires is identified. On the other hand, HTS nanowires demonstrate three orders of magnitude faster response times than the low temperature superconductor nanowire at the same biasing condition, making it uniquely suited for several practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaining insights into the patterns of hydroclimatic elements such as inflows to dams is essential to adeptly strategize and oversee water resource planning. For this study, we focused on Karuppanadhi and Gundar dams within the Chittar River Basin in Tamil Nadu. We employed various time series trend assessment methods – Mann–Kendall (MK), modified Mann–Kendall (MMK), Sen slope estimator, and innovative trend analysis (ITA). Furthermore, we conducted change point detection analysis using homogeneity tests, namely Pettitt's test, standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT), and Buishand test. The analysis was carried out across three-time scales: monthly, seasonal, and annual for 30 years (1991–2020) span. Results revealed declining trends significantly across all three timescales for the Karuppanadhi dam. Whereas for the Gundar dam, notable trends included increased patterns in January, March, December, and the winter season, while other months/seasons showed statistically decreasing trends. ITA exhibited greater sensitivity in identifying trends at monthly and seasonal scales, indicating its superior trend detection over MK and MMK methods. Change point analysis of trends identified a rising trend in August post-2017 for both dams. Other change points indicated decreasing inflow trends thereafter. Analysing trends and change points in dam inflows aid decisions on water resources management. HIGHLIGHTS Karuppanadhi and Gundar dams are in the non-perennial Chittar river basin.; Dam inflows, which in turn determine the outflows influence the crop choices of farmers in the dam command area.; Non-parametric trend tests, namely, MK, MMK, and ITA were used for trend assessment.; This study examines the trend presence, magnitude, and trend shifts in three-time scales (monthly, seasonal, and annual).;

Primary central nervous system (CNS) ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare and enigmatic disease, with limited data available in the literature. This case report adds to the existing body of knowledge by describing a unique case of a 68-year-old, immunocompetent male who presented with a single ring-enhancing lesion, which upon further analysis proved to be an ALK-negative ALCL that was primary to the CNS. A comprehensive review of the existing literature is provided, highlighting the genetic characteristics and diverse neuroimaging findings of this disease entity. This report adds valuable information to the understanding of this rare disorder, and highlights the need for further research in the field of primary CNS ALK-negative ALCL.

Abstract Background The past few decades have seen a marked increase in the macrovascular complications of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) such as coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and cerebrovascular disease. This has been predominantly attributed to the increased atherosclerosis in these patients. Atherosclerosis usually remains an asymptomatic condition and this poses a significant challenge in its early diagnosis and timely intervention. Hence, there is an immediate need for exploring novel tools to aid in the early detection of atherosclerosis, especially in T2DM patients. Osteocalcin (OC), synthesized by osteoblasts, is a protein hormone found in the skeletal system. This protein is considered as a marker for bone density and in recent times has been gaining interest due to its protective role in cerebrovascular diseases(CVD). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study and evaluated the association between serum OC levels and atherosclerosis in 113 T2DM patients. Carotid intima-media thickness (CC-IMT) was used as an estimate of atherosclerosis and patients were divided into two groups (CC-IMT

Background Maternal mortality remains a persistent public health concern despite significant strides in reduction over the past few decades, with a global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 223 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020, indicating a 34.3% decline over 20 years, with Low income countries (LICs) and Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) bearing the major burden. Effective implementation of facility-based near-miss case reviews (NMCR), endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), faces challenges hindering progress, making exploring implementation strategies through a scoping review essential. This scoping review aims to identify and characterize implementation strategies employed in Low and Lower Middle- Income Countries to facilitate the implementation of facility-based NMCR. Methods The scoping review will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework, involving five stages: identifying the research question, selecting relevant studies, selecting data, charting, and summarizing the results. Electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCOhost - CINAHL Ultimate, and Ovid MEDLINE will be searched, supplemented by citation tracking. Rayyan will be used to screen and remove duplicates, with data charting conducted using Google Sheets. Two independent reviewers will conduct blinded screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion phases. Reviewers will conduct Systematic data extraction independently using piloted forms, with discrepancies resolved through team discussion and consensus. Results The review will identify and characterize implementation strategies employed to facilitate the implementation of facility-based near-miss case reviews in LICs and LMICs. Conclusions The findings of this review will contribute to the understanding of implementing strategies for facility-based NMCR in LICs and LMICs. The review can help in designing interventions/programs to reduce maternal mortality and knowledge products.

The anticipation around future technologies has sparked a keen interest in the study of fluid flows, which include the intricate interplay of several aspects. The design of rotating machinery, cooling of rotating machinery parts, and fiber coating, among other applications, have all given practical importance to the issue of fluid flow from rotating surfaces. This study examines the behavior of a ternary nanofluid over a rotating sphere. Combining Tiwari and Das’s model with Buongiorno’s model is considered for the flow model. When combined with the condition of non-zero normal flux, the zero normal flux of nanoparticles at the surface aims to push the particles away from the surface. Boundary layer equations are used to formulate the physical flow problem, and after that, by using the appropriate variables, these equations are transformed into dimensionless forms. Additionally, mathematical computation software helps in obtaining a numerical solution. Utilizing graphs, it has been determined how different physical flow parameters affect the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration. Further, the wall’s heat and mass transfer rates and the skin friction coefficient are graphically assessed and discussed. The outcomes show that increasing acceleration and rotational parameters increases primary velocity and surface drag force while decreasing secondary velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The concentration is reduced by Brownian and Schmidt's numbers while increasing for thermophoresis constraint. In both active and passive management of nanoparticles, the mass distribution rate improves for thermophoresis and Brownian parameters. Solid volume fraction improves the thermal distribution while declines the concentration.

Rice varietal adoption was assessed using randomly selected global positioning system (GPS) coordinates in Chitwan district, Nepal. At pre-determined sampling points along the transects, which researchers located using GPS, data were collected on land use and the name of any rice variety grown. These data were then triangulated through focus group discussions (FGD) for each transect. The first two surveys were done in 2005 and 2006 in 14 transects with 440 GPS coordinates representing the major rice-growing areas of Chitwan. Using the same approach, a third survey was conducted in 2022 in 72 out of the 440 GPS coordinates to document rice varietal adoption dynamics over a 16-year period. Farmers had changed the rice varieties they grew, but they continued to grow two to three old-improved varieties that covered more than 40% of the land. Hence, despite large changes in the rice varieties grown, the weighted average age of the varieties over 16 years was not reduced significantly. Despite their lower yields compared with newly released varieties, the older popular varieties persisted as they were in demand by the rice millers, who have little motive to replace rice varieties for which they have an established market. The adoption of rice varieties released in the previous 15 years was low except for Sawa Masuli sub-1, a stress-tolerant rice variety that was adopted in 16% of the study area more than a decade after its official recommendation. This variety had the advantage of having similar grain characteristics to the established variety Sawa Masuli, so millers could easily replace it with the new variety. The study revealed that premium rice lands in Chitwan were replaced with cattle and poultry farms, fishponds, and vegetables. Rice lands with better drainage and close to the Mahendra Raj Marg (highway) had been converted into real estate and settlements. There was a good agreement between the data collected from the sampled GPS coordinates and the FGDs. Random selection of GPS coordinates and sampling points is an unbiased, rapid, and efficient method for assessing the adoption of agricultural technologies, varietal dynamics, and changes in natural resources management and land use.

In recent times, there have been notable advancements in dental materials, with particular emphasis on the progress made in the development of bioactive glass and ceramic composites. The unique capacity of bioactive glass to promote bone regeneration and repair has garnered significant attention. This has led to its widespread use in the field. The utilisation of ceramic composites as dental materials has exhibited favourable outcomes owing to their superior strength, biocompatibility, and aesthetic. The present review article provides an overview of the latest developments in bioactive glass and ceramic composites, encompassing their characteristics, manufacturing techniques, and employment in the field of dentistry. The present study will concentrate on the application of bioactive glass in the fields of restorative dentistry, bone augmentation interventions, and endodontic treatment. The utilisation of ceramic composites in implant dentistry will be examined, along with their prospective implementation in other dental contexts. This review aims to elucidate the difficulties that are linked with the utilisation of said materials, including their fragility and the requirement for meticulous handling, in addition to plausible remedies for mitigating these difficulties. The current review article illustrates the advancements in bioactive glass and ceramic composites possess the capacity to considerably enhance the results of diverse dental procedures, thereby furnishing patients with restorations that are more enduring, visually appealing, and biocompatible.