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Tennis is an athletic complex game that places great demands on tennis players and their motor skills. Agility is an important component that they must possess. In order to be successful in rallies, players must perform quick, multi-directional movements in response to the high speed of the ball and/or the opponent's position. The aim of the study is to establish the current state of motor quality 'agility' of students from Sofia University participating in tennis classes. Methods: For the purposes of the study, we used field testing, analyticalsynthetic and mathematical-statistical methods (variation analysis, sigma method). Results: The data from the study are based on the results of three tests - "Fan", "Compass" and "Pair of compasses". The totality of the variation analysis provides information on the state of agility in the movement of the subjects studied. Conclusions: The standard tables for assessing the motor quality 'agility' will serve sports specialists and teachers to assess the quality of skills acquired by student-tennis players in the learning process. In sports practice, agility is a component related to the coordination and motor abilities of tennis players in mastering the basic technical elements in tennis. That's why we recommend periodic control of the different manifestations of agility, which is essential for tennis training of students as well as in their sports training activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Resuscitation and surgical medical aid are the most important medical procedures in disaster relief operations. The limited time frame available for life-saving activities in such circumstances demands that resuscitation and surgical medical teams be established and trained for timely reaction and disaster medical support prior to disaster occurrence. The aim of the study was to analyze the awareness among the hospital medical staff in the Plovdiv Region of the hospital response plan in case of disaster, which concerns surgical and resuscitation team composition and tasks for disaster medical support. Methods. An anonymous survey, consisting of 55 questions about hospital staff awareness of the medical activities described in the hospital disaster medical support plan, was conducted between July and September 2019 among 295 hospital medical professionals in the Plovdiv Region, Bulgaria. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s χ2 test were used in the statistical analysis of results. Results. The survey showed that the majority of medical staff demonstrated complete ignorance regarding the presence, number, and tasks of the specialized medical teams planned for hospital disaster response. Employees of multidisciplinary hospitals for active treatment were more familiar with the aforementioned plans than their colleagues from the university multidisciplinary hospitals. Conclusion. Insufficient awareness about human resources foreseen for disaster medical support negatively impacts the hospital surge capacity, leading to inadequate medical assistance in such cases. Hospital tactical disaster preparedness must be ameliorated by conducting a more rigorous training program among medical staff related to the planned hospital activities in case of disastrous events, especially for those working in emergency departments, intensive care units, and surgical departments.

Background/Aim. In the event of a disaster, it is necessary for medical personnel to demonstrate the operational component of disaster resilience, which requires certain knowledge and skills regarding disaster medical response algorithms. The aim of this study was to analyze the preparedness of hospital’s healthcare staff for maintaining hospital disaster resilience. Methods. An anonymous survey was conducted from July to September 2019 among 295 medical staff employed in hospitals in the territory of the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Pearson’s Chisquare test, Student’s t-test, and graphical analysis were used in the statistical analysis. Results. Most of the medical staff, i.e., 85.8%, believed that disaster drills are not held regularly in hospitals, 30.8% thought that the training period was shorter than two years, and the majority, i.e., 86.1%, did not participate in exercises. Conclusion. Due to the irregular implementation of exercises and the small number of participants in them, the level of preparedness for responding to disasters is not maintained at a high level in hospitals in the Plovdiv region. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a specific training program and exercise once a year, which should have a beneficial effect on increasing the preparedness of the medical staff for disasters and improving the operational resilience of the hospital.

This publication presents analysis of actual data regarding the development level for some of the most significant motor skills in age 12-14 alpine skiers representing a variety of Bulgarian ski clubs. Alpine skiing is a strongly athletic power-speed sport setting higher and higher requirements regarding the skiers' physical fitness. The research's aim is documenting the current physical state of the tested skiers' group and, based on the data, elaborating evaluation standards for their motor skills. Methods: For the needs of this research we used onsite testing, analytical synthetics and mathematical statistics (variation analysis, sigma methodology). Results: The obtained and aggregated data from the variation analysis present information in regards to the motor skills state of the persons, while the values are with average or close to the average distribution, and applying sigma methodology we derived an evaluation standards table. Conclusions: Motor skills evaluation standards of skiers (adolescents) could assist sports professionals in making quality estimation of the current state of their contestants. We recommend the framing and approbation into the practice of tables for all age groups aiming to achieve better quality control and training process management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In the last few years an increasing frequency of diagnosed cases of HEV infections has been reported from various European countries. In recent years sporadic cases of HEV infections have emerged also in Bulgaria. METHOD‟s: In this retrospective study, 21 patients with acute viral hepatitis type E were included. To describe the clinical and demographic characteristic, we used information from cases recorded at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy - Sofia, from January 2008 to December 2012. The diagnosis of HEV infection was confirmed by the finding of anti-HEV antibodies of class IgG and IgM (ELISA) in acute phase, and by disappearing of IgM anti-HEV in the convalescent period. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULT‟s: Acute viral hepatitis E composes 5.8% of all acute viral hepatitis treated in Clinic of infectious diseases, MMA - Sofia. The mean age of the patients was 52.4 and 57.1% were males. The most frequent clinical signs were mild to moderate upper gastric symptoms (65%) and liver enlargement (91%). One of the patients was with coinfection HEV+HBV with signs of threatening acute hepatic failure. Another patient was a probable case of chronic HEV infection. The cholestasis enzymes (ALP and GGT) were elevated by most of the patients, but without clinical evidence of cholestasis. CONCLUSION‟S: Acute hepatitis E in Bulgaria emerges as an autochthonous infection with a low incidence rate. Most of the patients were with mild clinical form of acute viral hepatitis E. Patients with severe form have a history of chronic liver disease or co-infections. The question of probable chronic form of HEV infection was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In time of Global economic crisis it is necessary to estimate very precisely the cost for patient treatment so to avoid eventual losses for hospital. According to leading authors drug costs are evaluated between 10-40%. This imposes the necessity of using large range of economic and mathematical instruments for drugs cost control. OBJECTIVE: To assess the need of reducing drugs cost and on this base to propose computer model, adapted to HIS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from Hospital Information System are used to calculate drugs expenditure in the most resource consuming unit in MMA - Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department for 5 year period. Statistic methods were used for extracting trends and evaluation. Questionnaire survey was conducted among 50 physicians in MMA, aimed to determine the main problems in drugs prescription. RESULTS: At the beginning of the studied period drugs cost was about 80% of the patient treatment and in the last year after introduced manager control it was reduced to 57%. Among the main reasons for high cost according to the survey are the lack of knowledge and ignorance of drugs prices by physicians. Using the capacity of HIS as an instrument for drugs cost control results in cost reducing up to 30%. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital Information System can play an important role in the reducing drugs costs, and it can help managers to control the process of prescription [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The frequency of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) has increased over the last decade due to increased predispositions to those illnesses - diabetes, malignant diseases, obesity, varices, dermatomycosis, etc. MATERIALS and METHOD‟s: In this retrospective study we analyzed 368 military personnel with SSTIs, hospitalized in Clinic of infectious diseases of Military Medical Academy, Sofia for the period January 2006 - December 2012. The study population was grouped according to: gender, age, location of the exanthema, underlying comorbidities, immunodeficiency, risk factors, complications and recurrences. RESULT‟s and DISCUSSION: Of the 368 patients, 317 (86.1%) were male and 51 (13.9%) female, with mean age 32±6. The most common skin and soft tissue infections were erysipelas 198 (53.8%) followed by impetigo 82 (22.3%), cellulitis 44 (11.9%), post-operative wound infections 39 (10.6%) and necrotizing fasciitis 5 (1.4%). Most frequently was affected shank (63.3%), thigh (10.1%), face (10.6%), arm (8.5%), abdomen (4.8%) and chest (2.7%). Diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical, hystopatological and microbiological data. Among the isolates tested 185 (50.3%) were beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A, followed by Staphylococcus aureus - 102 (27.7%); Streptococcus viridians 42 (11.4%); E. faecalis - 14 (3.9%); Haemophilus influenzae 11 (2.9%); P. vulgaris - 7 (1.9%); Ps. aeruginosa - 5 (1.4%) and B. cereus - 2 (0.5%). The approach of treatment has been guided by the microbiological type of SSTIs and the severity of clinical presentation. Given the increasing number of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactam antibiotics are no longer reliable empiric therapy for SSTIs. As an alternative etiological therapy we used Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Rifampin, Meropenem, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Tigecyclime, Telavancin and Quinupristindalfopristin. Surgical treatment included incision, drainage and debridement applied in 24 (6.5%) patients. CONCLUSION‟s: The main problem was patients with SSTIs in age group 30-40, with obesity, metabolic disorders, heart diseases and frequent traumatism. There was statistically significant difference in clinical improvement between patients treated with beta-lactam antibiotics and those treated with Daptomycin, Tigecyclin and Telavancin. They can be alternative in parenteral treatment of patients with multiple predisposing SSTIs factors, complications, multiple recurrences and isolated Grampositive cocci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]