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Background: The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Ukraine is extremely unfavorable - about 40 thousand people become sick on tuberculosis each year and about 10 thousand patients die. Changing of the contemporary socio-economic and environmental conditions plays an important role in the deterioration of the tuberculosis epidemic situation. Moreover drug resistance of M.tuberculosis is one of the main factors limiting the effectiveness of TB treatment. Due to the development of molecular genetics it has become possible to conduct genetic typing of bacteria, which allows distinguishing between different strains of the pathogen isolated from TB patients. Methods & Materials: During 2014 the 93 cases of TB were studied in patients who were treated in hospitals in Kharkiv region in Ukraine. Mycobacterium identification and testing of the drug susceptibility were performed as recommended by WHO. The samples of expectoration were used for the strain isolation on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. VNTR genotyping was done by using sets of primers for amplification of five exact tandem repeat ETR loci as previously described (Frothingham, R., 1998). Results: It has been shown that 69% from isolated M. tuberculosis strains belong to Beijing family whereas 13% -to LAM. Other genotypes consisted 18% from all obtained isolates. The most common profile was 42435. The most common resistance among Beijing strains were observed to streptomycin (100%), followed by resistance to isoniazid (99%), rifampicin (96%) and ethambutol (89%). Kanamycin and ofloxacin did not inhibit growth of M. tuberculsis isolates in 69% and 60% cases respectively. The most effective anti-TB drug was cycloserine (10%). Among LAM strains it was found resistance to kanamycin, isoniazid and streptomycin in 12 (100%) cases, ethambutol and rifampicin - in 11 (91.5%) cases. The frequency of resistance to kanamycin, 4-Aminosalicylic acid and ethionamide was revealed significantly higher for LAM strain in compare to Beijing strain (p < 0.05). 41 (44%) of 93 patients were diagnosed as MDR TB and 52 (56%) - TB with extending resistance. Conclusion: In conclusion, the data showed that TB in Kharkiv region is mostly characterized as multi-drug resistance cases. To prevent circulation and transmission of M.tuberculosis TB control program needs to be improved in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]