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Lateinamerika mit sehr diversen Entwicklungsständen ist einerseits als Kontinent heterogener Länderhistorien zu betrachten, zugleich aber auch Sammelbecken dezentralisierter Bildungssysteme, aus denen stark differenzierende Karrierewege resultieren. In kaum einem gesellschaftlichen Bereich haben soziale Disparitäten einen solch starken Einfluss auf die Mobilität wie in der Bildung, sie sollen exemplarisch anhand von Brasilien und Kolumbien mithilfe von Lebensverlaufsanalysen gezeigt werden. Wenn Ungleichheiten, die auf Herkunft und Milieu zurückgehen, nicht durch institutionelle Bildung kompensiert, sondern, wie anhand der Darlegung der Bildungssysteme Kolumbiens und Brasiliens, verschärft bzw. konzediert werden, ist der individuelle Bildungsaufstieg herausfordernd und gelingt nur wenigen. Vielmehr manifestiert sich in diesen Ländern eine Reproduktion sozialer Disparitäten, bedingt durch die institutionelle Diskriminierung, die Aufstiegsprozesse und Habitustransformationen kaum begünstigen.

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Copyright of GENDER: Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Standort: Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geographie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Konfrontiert mit kontinuierlich wachsender Nachfrage nach preiswertem Wohnraum, begann die Regierung Kolumbiens in den 1980er Jahren mit einer neuen privatisierten Wohnungsbaupolitik, die Hauseigentümerschaft ermöglichen und fördern soll. Dazu wurden staatliche Subventionen und spezielle Hypotheken für die unteren Einkommensklassen geschaffen, sowie Preislimits und Steuerfreiabkommen für die privaten Baufirmen eingeführt. Besonders seit der Baukrise zu Beginn des Jahrtausends setzen private Konstruktionsfirmen auf den sozialen Wohnungsbau. Seitdem entstehen massenweise großflächige, standardisierte Wohnsiedlungen an den Rändern Bogotás. Bewohner_innen sind Niedrigverdiener_innen, die zuvor in informellen Siedlungen lebten. Für die staatlich subventionierten Hypotheken, mit denen sie sich einkaufen, müssen Käufer_innen ein festes Arbeitsverhältnis nachweisen, was die Hälfte der kolumbianischen Bevölkerung ausschließt. Basierend auf mit diversen Forschungsmethoden in neun verschiedenen Sozialwohnungsbaugebieten erhobenen Daten, analysieren wir in diesem Artikel die gegenwärtige Wohnungsbaupolitik Kolumbiens und ihre Folgen. Wir argumentieren, dass die neue Politik tatsächlich mehr Menschen Zugang zu Eigentumswohnungen verschafft. Gleichzeitig zeigen wir, dass ohne weiterreichende soziale Reformen die Gefahr besteht, dass sich die isoliert liegenden Wohnsiedlungen in urbane Ghettos verwandeln, die ihre Bewohner_innen weiterhin stigmatisieren. Zugang zu Bildung, Jobs, Kultur und anderen urbanen Ressourcen ist notwendig, um langfristige soziale Mobilität zu ermöglichen bzw. zu garantieren.

Der Artikel präsentiert anhand einer Befragung von Absolventinnen und Absolventen Erfolge und Herausforderungen des deutsch-kolumbianischen Doppelmasterprogramms Maestría en Lingüística – Linea Alemán como Lengua Extranjera/MA Deutsch als Zweit- und Fremdsprache. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung des Studiengangs wird die Planung und Durchführung der Online-Umfrage erläutert sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse besprochen, auf Grundlage derer abschließend konkrete Verbesserungsmaßnahmen diskutiert werden. Based on the answers in a recent survey with former graduates, the article presents successes and challenges of the bi-national Master´s programme Maestría en Lingüística – Linea Alemán como Lengua Extranjera/MA Deutsch als Zweit- und Fremdsprache. After a short overall presentation of the programme, the article discusses the planning and conducting of the online survey as well as selected findings, on the basis of which the authors propose concrete measures for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent literature on the contribution of civil society groups to peacebuilding processes has noticeably stimulated a function-oriented approach. The present article offers a contribution to an acutely important task to examine the role of five ethnic organizations, historically committed to peace in Colombia. Using different examples and confronting the liberal and the communitarian epistemological framework, it presents the main findings of the experience of these groups within the 2016 Colombian Peace Process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Vereinte Nationen is the property of Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the end of the Cold War, the political inclusion of rebel groups has often been an essential component of domestic peace treaties. According to the motto „from bullets to ballots", this follows the tradition of liberal peace and is hardly-questioned anymore. However, attention should be paid to the problems of negative impacts of dilemmas between processes of democratization and conflict resolution in rebel transformations. With the example of Colombia, this study shows that even states with a long tradition of democracy are not immune to these negative effects. As the peace process is facing uncertain times, mitigation of the conflict-intensifying dilemmas would be urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the extraction of Colombian oil in the phase of conflict transformation, and questions whether it contributes to peace in the Latin American country and if so, under which conditions. By applying a case study methodology to the oil sector, the level of power and wealth sharing in the department of Putumayo will be assessed. The article establishes that channels of participation and wealth distribution are only working marginally, but that armed groups as well as the civil society continue to apply pressure on the sector through violent or non-violent, legal and illegal means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrielle Beziehungen is the property of Rainer Hampp Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift fuer Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zusammenfassung Im vorspanischen Zentralkolumbien, vor allem in der Muisca-Kultur, wurden Hochreliefs auf Steinpatrizen zur Abformung von Wachsmatrizen für den Guss in verlorener Form benutzt, die Alexander von Humboldt irrtümlich für „Kalendersteine“ der Muisca hielt. Der wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Überblick beschäftigt sich mit den Ursachen dieses Irrtums und dessen Überwindung. Resumen En la región central de la Colombia prehispánica, especialmente en la cultura muisca, se utilizaron altos relieves en pátrices de piedra para moldear mátrices de cera para la fundición en cera perdida, erroneamente comprendidos por Alejandro de Humboldt como piedras de un “calendario” muisca. El conjunto de la historia de la ciencia trata de las causas y de la abnegación de esa idea. Abstract In pre-Hispanic central Colombia, especially in the region of the Muiscan culture, there were high reliefs on stone patrixes used for molding stencils (matrixes) to found metals with the lost wax casting method. Alexander von Humboldt understood them as “calendar stones” of the Muisca. A survey of the history of science considers the reasons for and the surmounting of this erroneous idea.

Die chronische Unsicherheit für Journalistinnen und Redakteure in der Ausübung ihres Berufes in Kolumbien speist sich aus vielerlei Quellen und ist nach wie vor gravierend. Aktuell sind es – neben den Indikatoren extremer physischer Gewalt (wie tätliche Angriffe, Misshandlungen, Entführungen und Morde) – in der internationalen Diskussion oft unbeachtete Problembereiche, wie mangelnde Ausbildungsangebote, unzureichende Infrastruktur am Arbeitsplatz, prekäre Lohnverhältnisse, fehlende Unabhängigkeit gegenüber Herausgebern und ein wenig ausgebildetes Verständnis der Berufsethik, die die journalistische Arbeit in Kolumbien prägen. Diese strukturellen Probleme führen zu qualitativen – speziell in der Konfliktberichterstattung. Aber statt Stillstand vollzieht sich ein Wandel. Kolumbianische Journalisten verändern ihr Selbstbild, entwickeln ein Problembewusstsein bezüglich ihrer eigenen Arbeit und gehen die Defizite aktiv an.

Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Aktionsforschungs-Untersuchung vor, die zwischen 2010 und 2012 an der Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá durchgeführt wurde. Ausgangspunkt war die These, dass die geographische Entfernung Kolumbiens zu Deutschland und die damit einhergehenden fehlenden Möglichkeiten der Lernenden, ihr im Unterricht erworbenes Wissen zu kontextualisieren, sich erschwerend auf die Entwicklung interkultureller Kompetenzen auswirkt. Mit dem Ziel, diese Schwierigkeit zu kompensieren, wurden zunächst die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Lernenden ermittelt und verschiedene Lehrbücher hinsichtlich ihrer Angebote auf diese Bedürfnisse evaluiert. Schließlich wird gezeigt, wie die Ergebnisse in die Unterrichtspraxis implementiert wurden. This article present s the results of an Action Research study carried out between 2010 and 2012 at the Colombian Universidad de los Andes. Its starting point was the hypothesis that the geographical distance between Colombia and Germany makes it more difficult for the students to contextualize the knowledge acquired in class, therefore impeding the development of intercultural competences. In order to compensate for this lack of contextualization the investigators first established the students´ specific needs. Then they evaluated different textbooks with regard to what they are offering to respond to those needs. Finally, the article describes how the findings were implemented in the classroom.

Since the 1980s, unions and union members in Colombia have been the victims of physical violence to an extent hardly found in any other country. This article analyses the paradoxical case of Sintrainagro, the banana workers union: While one of the unions most affected by the violence, Sintrainagro has become a powerful representative organisation which - unique in Colombia - negotiates collective agreements covering almost the whole banana zone of Urabá. Through its efforts, industrial relations within the banana industry have changed from an antagonistic to a cooperative style. The article shows the fundamental role that legal and illegal armed actors - public security forces, guerrillas, and paramilitary groups - and their strategies have played in the evolution of the union and in industrial relations. The case of Sintrainagro highlights the limited applicability of concepts from industrial relations research in a context like Colombia, a country marked by a differential territorial and regulatory state presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article confronts the strategic communication of government actors during the state visit of the Colombian president Santos with their media coverage and displays the transcription into the media-political discourse. Press releases from the Colombian and European governments and from the EU are compared to the articles published in the six most-read national wide quality newspapers in each country. By inductive category formation propositions were condensed and the presentation of the international relations, the Colombian context and the attribution of Santos were analyzed. Therefore hegemonic positions and the extent of congruence between political communication and media reporting can be identified. Aditionally, it is possible to show that the presentation of the country as a country in postconflict is strongly linked to the person of Santos himself. However, there is a gap between the setting of the post-conflict and the reality perceived by social and political actors such as human rights organizations. This article subscribes the research line about political communication and international relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombian paramilitaries have 'demobilized'; some of the most prominent figures of the former Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia are serving prison sentences. But news of selective murders speak of post-paramilitary activities. Without neglecting the role of the state, this article focuses on the ambiguous relation between state and non-state actors, between state presence and fragmented sovereignty, and the oscillation between collusion and confrontation over time. As this requires a typology of different organized non-state violent actors, the article deciphers differences between former autodefensas and new bandas criminates. Is their relation to state institutions one of coexistence, complementarity and collusion or one of confrontation? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the civil wars in Guatemala and Colombia, the government deployed counterinsurgency militias to fight guerrilla groups. However, after the formal demobilization of these militias, several effects of their operation remain. Empirically, both societies are notably still affected by selective violence directed against human rights advocates tha t can be attributed to groups formerly associated with militia violence. This article defines militias as paramilitary organizations, characterized by their establishment by "stakeholders". By tracing constant and changing militia stakeholders in two empirical scenarios, this article aims at contributing both to a more nuanced understanding of militias as a specific type of armed non-state actor and to the understanding of the genesis and continuation of militia violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following paper aims at highlighting intercultural misunderstandings that can occur due to different semantic values of emblems, a gesture type generally defined as having an accepted verbal translation in a certain culture or community. To illustrate such problems, the semantic meanings of two emblems in Colombia and Germany are described. Misunderstandings caused by the use of these emblems are then explained from a communicative point of view, using Austin's speech-act theory. Additionally, the article offers a short review on the history of emblem research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Breast cancer is increasing in developing countries, and Colombia has a double burden from cervical and breast cancer. Suitable guidelines for breast cancer early detection are needed, and the Breast Health Global Initiative provides a favorable framework for breast cancer control in low resource nations. The Colombian National Cancer Institute developed evidence-based guidelines for breast cancer early detection in which coordinated early detection in symptomatic women and hospital-based screening in women aged 50–69 are recommended. A pilot project to evaluate programmatic approaches (opportunistic screening) was designed, and it is expected that organized hospital-based screening for breast cancer will represent a move towards population-based screening in the near future in accordance with country specific conditions. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lateinamerika Analysen is the property of Institute for Ibero-American Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)