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We present new, detailed carbon-isotope records for bulk carbonate, total organic carbon (TOC) and phytane from three key sections spanning the Cenomanian--Turonian boundary, interval (Eastbourne, England; Gubbio, Italy; Tarfaya, Morocco), with the purpose of establishing a common chemostratigraphic framework for Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 2. Isotope curves from all localities are characterized by a positive carbon-isotope excursion of c. 4[per thousand] for TOC and phytane and c. 2.5[per thousand] for carbonate, although diagenetic overprinting appears to have obliterated the primary carbonate carbon-isotope signal in at least part of the Tarfaya section. Stratigraphically, peak [[delta].sup.13]C values for all components are followed by intervals of high, near-constant [[delta].sup.13]C in the form of an isotopic plateau. Recognition of an unambiguous return to background [[delta].sup.13]C values above the plateau is, however, contentious in all sections, hence no firm chemostratigraphic marker for the end-point of the positive isotopic excursion can be established. The stratigraphically consistent first appearance of the calcarcous nannofossil Quadrum gartneri at or near the Cenomanian--Turonian boundary as established by ammonite stratigraphy, in conjunction with the end of the [[delta].sup.13]C maximum characteristic of the isotopic plateau, provides a potentially powerful tool for delimiting the stratigraphic extent and duration of OAE 2. This Oceanic Anoxic Event is demonstrated to be largely, if not wholly, confined to the latest part of the Cenomanian stage. Keywords: Oceanic Anoxic Event 2, Eastbourne, England, Gubbio, Italy, Tarfaya, Morocco, [sup.13]C.

During the Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian (C/T) Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE2), organic-rich strata was deposited in rift shelf basins and slopes across North Africa and in deep-sea basins of the adjacent oceans. Based on a review of published and unpublished information, this paper documents the distribution and organic-richness of C/T strata across the whole region within a palaeogeographic framework and systematically analyses the conditions and processes, which controlled their deposition. Previously, the C/T in North Africa has been most intensively studied in southern Morocco (Tarfaya) and Tunisia. Only little data is availabe for other parts of North Africa, namely Algeria, Libya and Egypt, because distribution of C/T Corg strata there becomes more patchy. A general decrease in peak organic richness and black shale thickness occurs from west to east, partly as a result of upwelling along the Moroccan Atlantic coast and the absence of upwelling in the eastern Mediterranean area. Furthermore, in the confined central Atlantic, the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in many places reached down to the deep-sea floor (3-4 km), while the lower limit of the OMZ along the North African Tethys was much shallower and underlain by oxic water masses. As documented by high resolution biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data, C/T black shale deposition in most areas outside the upwelling zone are restricted to a strong, eustatic, latest Cenomanian transgressive phase. Triggered by this sea-level rise, the OMZ impinged onto the North African continental shelf and the margins of intrashelf basins, which mostly formed during the Early Cretaceous as halfgrabens. Important units containing C/T organic-rich strata in the region are the Atlantic Tarfaya black shales (Morocco, Western Sahara), black shales and phtanites in the Moroccan and Algerian Atlas, the Bahloul Fm. in the SE Constantine Basin and in northern and central Tunisia, the Etel Fm. in the Sirte Basin, the Al Hilal Fm. in Cyrenaica (Libya), the Abu Roash Fm. in the Abu Gharadig and Fayium basins (Western Desert, Egypt), the Daliyya Fm. along the NE Sinai-Palestine-Isreal coast and the Shueib Fm. in west central Jordan. Keywords: Cenomanian-Turonian; anoxia; black shale; North Africa; petroleum source rock

Petroleum source rocks are strongly enriched in organic carbon (OC), and their trace metal (TM) contents often reach low-grade ore levels. The mechanisms leading to these coenrichments are important for understanding how extreme environmental conditions support the formation of natural resources. We therefore studied organic-rich Eocene marls and limestones (oil shale) from the central Jordan Amzaq-Hazra subbasin, part of a Cretaceous- Paleogene shelf system along the southern Neo-Tethys margin. Geochemical analyses on two cores show highly dynamic depositional conditions, consistent with sedimentological and micropaleontological observations. Maximum and average contents, respectively, in OC (~26 and ~10 wt%), sulfur (~7 and ~2.4 wt%), phosphorus (~10 and ~2 wt%), molybdenum (>400 and ~130 ppm), chromium (>500 and ~350 ppm), vanadium (>1600 and ~550 ppm) and zinc (>3800 and ~900 ppm) are exceptional, in particular without any indication of hydrothermal or epigenetic processes. We propose a combination of two processes: physical reworking of OC- and metal-rich material from locally exposed Cretaceous-Paleogene sediments (as supported by reworked nannofossils), and high marine productivity fueled by chemical remobilization of nutrients and metals on land that sustained anoxic-sulfidic conditions. Burial of high-quality organic matter (hydrogen index 600-700 mgHC/gOC) was related to strongly reducing conditions, punctuated by only short-lived oxygenation events, and to excess H2S, promoting organic matter sulfurization. These processes likely caused the OC and TM coenrichments in a high-energy shallow-marine setting that contradicts common models for black shale formation, but may explain similar geochemical patterns in other black shales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]