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Recent studies show that, deimination, one of the post-translational modifications, is associated with the neuro-degenerative disease process. Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze deimination, PAD2 is particularly active in the central nervous system. This study aimed to examine the changes in proteins regarding deimination by inducing inflammation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the BV2 microglial cell line and observe the changes in cytokines.

In this study, three Schiff base ligands (N,N′-Bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4,4′- diaminodiphenylmethane (DHDPM), N,N′-Bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)- 1,2- diaminoethane (DHSalen) and N,N′-Bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)- 1,3-phenylenedimethanamine (DHSalomphen)) and their metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), fluorescence spectra, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility apparatuses. The antibacterial activity was also studied against Staphylococcus aureusATCC 29213, Streptococcus mutansRSHM 676, Enterococcus faecalisATCC 29212, Lactobacillus acidophilus RSHM 06029, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a subthreshold dose of carbachol on alimentary transit of a radioisotopically labelled fluid test meal was measured before and after vagotomy and pyloromyotomy in rats. Vagotomy itself had a transient slowing effect on the rates of gastric emptying and transit in the upper small intestine. Subthreshold carbachol had no effect before vagotomy but accelerated gastric emptying and small intestinal transit after vagotomy. These findings might explain the increased bowel frequency which is common after vagotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Investigations were carried out in man and dog to study the validity of Cannon's law of denervation supersensitivity in relation to parasympathetic denervation of the stomach. Subthreshold doses of carbachol did not accelerate gastric emptying before vagotomy but caused a significant increase in the rate of gastric emptying after vagotomy. These findings may be relevant to aberrations of gastrointestinal motility after vagotomy and may provide the basis of a test for completeness of gastric vagotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Dildar Duman, Emine Aksoy, Meltem Coban Agca, Nagihan Durmus Kocak, Ipek Ozmen, Ulku Aka Akturk, Sinem Gungor, Fatma Merve Tepetam, Selma Aydogan Eroglu, Selahattin Oztas, Zuhal Karakurt Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Background: COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization increase morbidity and mortality. Although most COPD exacerbations are neutrophilic, approximately 10%–25% of exacerbations are eosinophilic.Aim: We aimed to evaluate mortality and outcomes of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic COPD exacerbations and identify new biomarkers that predict survival.Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out in a tertiary teaching hospital from January 1, 2014 to November 1, 2014. All COPD patients hospitalized with exacerbations were enrolled in the study at their initial hospitalization and followed-up for 6 months after discharge. Electronic data were collected from the hospital database. Subjects’ characteristics, hemogram parameters, CRP levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-mean platelet volume ratio on admission and discharge, length of hospital stay (days), readmissions, and mortality were recorded. Patients were grouped according to peripheral blood eosinophil (PBE) levels: Group 1, >2% PBE, eosinophilic; Group 2, non-eosinophilic ≤2%. Patient survival after hospital discharge was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.Results: A total of 1,704 patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbation were included. Approximately 20% were classified as eosinophilic. Six-month mortality was similar in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups (14.2% and 15.2%, respectively); however, the hospital stay length and readmission rate were longer and higher in the non-eosinophilic group (P

OBJECTIVES, Familial mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent and self-limiting fever, peritonitis, arthritis, synovitis, pleuritis, carditis, and erysipelas-like lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of the MEFV gene mutation in patients who admitted to hospital with preliminary diagnosis FMF and who had undergone a prior appendectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS, We retrospectively reviewed the files of 52 patients between the ages of 7-18 who admitted to hospital with preliminary diagnosis of FMF and who had undergone a prior appendectomy. Age, gender and the MEFV gene mutations were included in the data. The 12 known, common MEFV gene mutations [E148Q, P369S, F479L, M680I (G/C), M680I (G/A), I692del, M694V, M694I, K695R, V726A, A744S, R761H] were investigated in the patients. RESULTS, Of these 52 cases, 29 (55.8% ) were female and 23 (44.2%) were male. Their mean age was 12.1± 3.1 years (range 7-18 yr). MEFV gene mutation was detected in 31/52 cases (59.6%). In this study was found an high frequency of the MEFV gene mutation in patients admitted to hospital with a preliminary diagnosis FMF who had undergone a prior appendectomy. MEFV gene mutations were M694V 16/41 (39%), E148Q 13/41 (31%), M680I 6/41 (15%), V726A 4/41 (10%) and R761H 2/41 (5%). Other genes mutations were F479L, M680I (G/A), I692del, M694I, K695R and A744S. CONCLUSION, There are too much indications of unnecessary appendectomy in MEFV gene mutation carriers. In MEFV gene mutation carriers the frequency of appendicitis can be higher than the normal population. A more detailed and extensive study should be done about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duman D, Aksoy E, Agca MC, et al. International Journal of COPD. 2015;10(1):2469–2478.Page 2475, Table 4, the second column heading “Odds ratio” is incorrect. The correct column heading is “Hazard ratio”. Read the original article

In order to evaluate clinical and endoscopic findings, accuracy of urease and serologic tests in the diagnosis and response to two treatment regimens in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, 102 children with Hp infection were studied in this study. All patients (age range 5-17 years) underwent an upper GI endoscopy. Biopsy samples were taken for rapid urease test, culture and histology. IgG antibodies against Hp was also determined. The presence of Hp at histologic examination was accepted as infection. The patients received either lansoprazole (L) or omeprazole (O) for 14 days, combined with amoxycillin (A) and clarithromycin (C) for 10 days. Eradication of Hp was evaluated by [sup 13]C-UBT one month after discontinuing the therapy. The main complaint was abdominal pain (89%). Antral nodularity, erythema and duodenal ulcer were seen in 65%, 6% and 2%, respectively. Rapid urease test, serology, and culture were positive in 89%, 72%, 55% of patients, respectively. An antibiotic susceptibility testing was available in 33 out of 56 positive cultures. Twelve (36%) and 6 (18%) of Hp isolates were resistant to metronidazole (M) and C, respectively. Hp was eradicated in 74 (75.5%) of 98 patients tested. Symptoms disappeared in 56 (%75) of patients with and in 9 (37.5%) without Hp eradication (p < 0.001). Five of 24 (20%) patients who remained Hp positive were resistant to C. Resistant patients received a regimen including one week of tetracycline, M, bismuth subcitrate, and 2 weeks of O. Hp was eradicated in 13 (93%) of them and symptoms disappeared in 10 (71%). No significant difference in eradication rates of CAL and CAO was detected (79% versus 69%). The sensitivity of urease test was the highest and that of serology lowest. Resistance to C affected eradication rate significantly and there was no difference between L and O based groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which established the prevalence of Hepatitis A virus infection in children with or without chronic liver disease. Patients and methods of the study; Findings of the study.