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Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells that line the brain ventricles, and central canal. In children most of them are benign. However, cortical anaplastic ependymomas are very rare in pediatrics. A 10 months girl presented with vomits for one week, increased head circumference, psychomotor development delay, left facial nerve (VII) palsy, and left hemiparesis 3/5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated a large parenchymal lesion filling most of the right hemisphere. She underwent a total excision of the lesion. The tumor had no connection to the ventricular ependymal lining. No adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was considered. The final diagnosis is Anaplastic Ependymoma (WHO Grade III). Cortical anaplastic ependymomas are extremely rare. In pediatrics they affect frontal, frontoparietal, and parietal lobes, Temporal and occipital lobes are uncommon. Migration disorders from the germinal matrix and the differentiation of primitive neuroectodermal tumors along the ependymal lineage are considered two hypotheses that explain the pathogenesis of ectopic ependymomas. Ependymomas should be considered a differential diagnosis in children, as the successful total removal of ependymomas in that age saves the patient from the need of adjuvant therapy such as radio-therapy or chemotherapy. • Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells that line the brain ventricles, choroid plexus, filum terminal and central canal of the spinal cord • Most of these tumors are histologically benign in the pediatric population • Although ependymomas exhibit some biologic variability concerning growth rate • Most of ependymomas cases are (WHO) grade II (70%). • Myxopapillary ependymomas – WHO grade I lesions – present only 2% of the incidence, and the remainder are anaplastic ependymomas – WHO grade III lesions. • Patient's age is considered one of the most important prognosis factors of ependymomas, the worst prognosis appears on children younger than 3 years. • Cortical anaplastic ependymomas are very rare in pediatrics and not well studied in this population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital transmesocolic hernia of the transverse colon is a very rare type of internal hernia. In addition, intestinal malrotation is very rare in adults. Most of these patients do not have clear clinical manifestations. Incidence of congenital transmesocolic hernia of the transverse colon along with malrotation is an unusual phenomenon in medical literature and clinical practice. Here, we report a unique case of a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with transmesocolic hernia of the transverse colon and malrotation of the small intestine, without any history of trauma or previous surgery. The patient underwent surgery, where the hernia orifice was closed and Ladd's procedure was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]