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ABSTRACT To evaluate performance monitoring and error processing during lexical decision tasks, event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained by time-locked to correct and error responses were studied in 17 Parkinson's disease (PD) [...]

Thirty four arboreal pollen taxa were assigned to plant functional types and then classified to eight forest biomes in Japan and adjacent areas. When applied to 285 surface pollen spectra from Japan, the method assigns 78% (222 sites) of the samples to the correct biome. The method is particularly good at reconstructing warm-mixed, temperate deciduous, temperate conifer and cool-mixed forests, but the reconstruction of cool-conifer forest was difficult. The method has been applied to the late Quaternary pollen record from Lake Mikata, central Japan (35°33’22” N, 135°53’40” E, 0 m a.s.l.) to reconstruct vegetation changes since ca 40,000 yr BP. The reconstruction shows that temperate deciduous forest dominated around Lake Mikata before 25,000 yr BP. A phase of cool-mixed forest (now present only in Hokkaido, 1000 km to the northeast) is reconstructed between ca 22,000 and ca 18,000 yr BP, corresponding to the coldest stage of the Last Glaciation. This coldest phase is bound by two transition phases that are characterized by co-dominance of cool-mixed and temperate deciduous forest vegetation. The Holocene vegetation is represented by warm-mixed forest that grows around the site today. ... [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Distal records show eruptions are more frequent and widespread. • At least 8 Changbaishan eruptions produced widespread ash over the last 86 kyrs. • Explosive eruption of Changbaishan at ca. 42.5 ka dispersed ash >1000 km. • 4 Ulleungdo eruptions are now precisely dated using the Lake Suigetsu chronology. • U-Ym tephra is identified in Suigetsu and dated to 40,332 – 39,816 IntCal13 yrs BP. The eruptive histories of Ulleungdo (South Korea) and Changbaishan (North Korea/China border) volcanoes are not well constrained since their proximal stratigraphies are poorly exposed or largely inaccessible. However, determining the past behaviour of these volcanoes is critical since future eruptions are likely to disperse ash over some of the world's largest metropolitan regions. Alkaline tephra deposits erupted from both centres are routinely identified in marine cores extracted from the Sea of Japan, as well as high-resolution lacustrine records east of the volcanoes. Here, we review the distal ash occurrences derived from Ulleungdo and Changbaishan and provide new data from the Lake Suigetsu (central Honshu, Japan) sediment core, in order to provide a more complete and constrained eruption framework. The intensely-dated Lake Suigetsu archive provides one of the most comprehensive distal eruption records for both centres, despite being located ca. 500 km E of Ulleungdo and ca. 1000 km SSE of Changbaishan. The Suigetsu record is utilised to precisely date and geochemically fingerprint (using major, minor and trace element glass compositions) ash fall events that reached central Honshu. Here, we identify a new non-visible (cryptotephra) layer in the Suigetsu sediments, which reveals a previously unreported explosive event from Changbaishan at 42,750 – 42,323 IntCal13 yrs BP (95.4 % confidence interval). This event is chronologically and geochemically distinct from the B-J (Baegdusan-Japan Basin) tephra reported in the Sea of Japan (ca. 50 ka). Furthermore, we also confirm that the widespread U-Ym tephra erupted from Ulleungdo reached central Japan, and is herein dated to 40,332 – 39,816 IntCal13 yrs BP (95.4 % confidence interval). This terrestrial 14C-derived age of the U-Ym can be used to constrain the chronology of marine records containing the same marker layer. This reviewed and integrated tephrostratigraphic framework highlights the pivotal role that distal sedimentary records can play in evaluating the eruptive histories and hazard potential of Ulleungdo and Changbaishan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]