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The collapsibility and dynamic phenomenon of the upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients during sleep is a complex mechanism. Its assessment prior to definitive surgery by drug-induced sleep endoscopy may mimic a snap shot of airway collapse during natural sleep. However, it still presents a shortcoming even after three decades of research and evolution in its technique. The hypothetical concept is to perform an overnight objective assessment of the upper airway collapsibility by the acoustic reflection technique in OSAS patients to decide the appropriate management plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell carcinoma involving the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx regions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The recent discovery of a strong association between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and OC and oropharyngeal (OP) cancer has prompted world-wide research into the exact etiology and pathogenesis of these cancers in relation to the HPV. HPV-positive OC/OP cancers generally present at a relatively advanced stage (by virtue of cervical nodal involvement) and are more commonly seen in younger patients without significant exposure to alcohol or tobacco. These factors are implicated in prognosis, regardless of HPV association. In this article, we review the biology and epidemiology, risk factors, association, molecular analyses, treatment response and prognosis of HPV-related cancers. Role of HPV vaccination in HPV-related OC/OP cancers has also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]