Search

To locate the specific susceptibility genes of a high incidence of schizoaffective disease (SAD) with autonomic dominant inheritance, we recruited a family group from Henan Province with a high incidence of SAD, including 19 individuals sampled from five generations.We used a genome-wide high-density SNP chip to perform genotype detection. The LINKAGE package and MENDEL programs were used for. The two-point and multipoint analyses were calculated by Merlin and SimWalk2 software to obtain the nonparametric linkage (NPL) value, corresponding P value, and parameter linkage limit of detection (LOD) value.Genome-wide linkage analysis yielded a significant linkage signal located on the short arm of chromosome 19. In the dominant genetic model, the LOD of the multipoint parametric analysis was 2.5, and the nonparametric analysis was 19.4 (P

ObjectivesTo reveal the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the improvement of cognitive function in patients with stress-related depression, and to enrich the neural mechanism(s) underlying rTMS so as to improve cognitive function in patients with stress-related depression.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of rTMS in patients with stress-related depression who were 18–40 years of age. Patients were randomly allocated to either a sham or experimental group in a 1:1 ratio. A 10-session rTMS protocol was used with 10-Hz stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Clinical assessments (HAMD, HAMA, DASS, MoCA), neuropsychologic (Stroop, WCST), and resting state fMRI and 1H-MRS assessments were executed at two time points—baseline and after the 10th rTMS session.ResultsrTMS relieved the mental symptoms of patients in both groups. The MoCA score of patients in the experimental group increased; the number of correct answers increased significantly in Stroop testing, and the number of errors and omissions decreased significantly; the number of persistent errors decreased significantly; and the time used to complete the test decreased to an even greater extent in the WCST experimental group. The ReHo value in the lingual gyrus of the right hemisphere and the cuneus of the left and right hemispheres in the experimental group decreased after treatment. The DC value in the left and right hemispheric cuneus and postcentral gyrus of the left hemisphere in the experimental group diminished after treatment. The functional connections of these brain regions also changed as the Cho and NAA/Cr of the left DLPFC changed, with alterations related to the improvement in cognitive function. The level of choline (Cho) in the left DLPFC of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the level of N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) in the left DLPFC of the control group was significantly higher than that of the experimental group. These changes were related to the overall improvement in cognitive function.ConclusionsTen-Hz rTMS over the left DLPFC improved the cognitive function of patients with stress-related depression. The governing mechanism for this phenomenon may be via rTMS effects on multiple visual-related brain regions and their functional connections, and on the somatosensory cortex and its functional connection with visual and auditory cortex, reducing the level of Cho and stabilizing the level of NAA/Cr in the left DLPFC.

In this study, three different substrate holder shapes—trapezoidal, circular frustum, and adjustable cyclic—were designed and optimized to enhance the quality of polycrystalline diamond films grown using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). Simulation results indicate that altering the shape of the substrate holder leads to a uniform distribution of the electric field on the surface, significantly suppressing the formation of secondary plasma. This design ensures a more even distribution of the temperature field and plasma environment on the substrate holder, resulting in a heart-shaped distribution. Polycrystalline diamond films were synthesized under these three different substrate holder conditions, and their morphology and crystal quality were characterized using optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Under conditions of 5 kW power and 90 Torr pressure, the adjustable cyclic substrate holder produced high-quality 3-inch diamond films with low stress and narrow Raman full width at half maximum (FWHM). The results confirm the reliability of the simulations and the effectiveness of the adjustable cyclic substrate holder. This approach provides a viable method for scaling up the size and improving the quality of polycrystalline diamond films for future applications.

Carbon nanomaterials are in high demand owing to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. This study employed a mixture of CH4, H2, and N2 to create carbon nanostructures on a single-crystal diamond using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) under high-power conditions. By controlling the substrate surface and nitrogen flow rate, carbon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and carbon pompons could be selectively deposited. The results obtained from OES, SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the nitrogen flow rate and substrate surface conditions were crucial for the growth of carbon nanostructures. The changes in the plasma shape enhanced the etching effect, promoting the growth of carbon pompons. The CN and C2 groups play vital catalytic roles in the formation of carbon nanotubes and nanowires, guiding the precipitation and composite growth of carbon atoms at the interface between the Mo metal catalysts and diamond. This study demonstrated that heterostructures of diamond–carbon nanomaterials could be produced under high-power conditions, offering a new approach to integrating diamond and carbon nanomaterials.

Abstract Large-scale layers peeling after the laser irradiation of dual ion beam sputtering coatings is discovered and a model is established to explain it. The laser damage morphologies relate to the laser fluence, showing thermomechanical coupling failure at low energy and coating layers separation at high energy. High-pressure gradients appear in the interaction between laser and coatings, resulting in large-scale layer separation. A two-step laser damage model including defect-induced damage process and ionized air wave damage process is proposed to explain the two phenomena at different energy. At relatively high energies (higher than 20 J/cm2), ionization of the air can be initiated, leading to a peeling off effect. The peeling effect is related to the thermomechanical properties of the coating materials.