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Introduction Cardiac arrest is a critical condition, and patients often experience postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) even after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Administering a restricted amount of oxygen in the early phase after ROSC has been suggested as a potential therapy for PCAS; however, the optimal target for arterial partial pressure of oxygen or peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) to safely and effectively reduce oxygen remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to validate the efficacy of restricted oxygen treatment with 94%–95% of the target SpO2 during the initial 12 hours after ROSC for patients with PCAS.Methods and analysis ER-OXYTRAC (early restricted oxygen therapy after resuscitation from cardiac arrest) is a nationwide, multicentre, pragmatic, single-blind, stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial targeting cases of non-traumatic cardiac arrest. This study includes adult patients with out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest who achieved ROSC in 39 tertiary centres across Japan, with a target sample size of 1000. Patients whose circulation has returned before hospital arrival and those with cardiac arrest due to intracranial disease or intoxication are excluded. Study participants are assigned to either the restricted oxygen (titration of a fraction of inspired oxygen with 94%–95% of the target SpO2) or the control (98%–100% of the target SpO2) group based on cluster randomisation per institution. The trial intervention continues until 12 hours after ROSC. Other treatments for PCAS, including oxygen administration later than 12 hours, can be determined by the treating physicians. The primary outcome is favourable neurological function, defined as cerebral performance category 1–2 at 90 days after ROSC, to be compared using an intention-to-treat analysis.Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Keio University School of Medicine (approval number: 20211106). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants or their legal representatives. Results will be disseminated via publications and presentations.Trial registration number UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000046914).

Abstract This paper reports on changes in lifestyles and infill renovation of a multi‐dwelling housing complex built based on the Century Housing System (CHS) in 1987. The purpose of this research is to gain insight into the adaptability and changeability of the infill system to extend the life of such housing. This is the first investigation on CHS housing since it was first occupied. The authors found that the building components that were designed to be used and replaced every 12 to 25 years were actually replaced in many units as planned.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on the government office reorganization plan. To understand the reorganization plans of 182 government buildings, the author surveyed the websites of 44 municipalities and conducted interviews by telephone and email. It is believed that assigning government offices as disaster prevention centers in each local area and centralizing the functions of public facilities necessary for local life in each government office will realize the combination of disaster prevention and convenient daily life.

Abstract The objective of this research was to acquire a basic knowledge of architectural planning to understand the changeability and long‐term occupancy for dwellings from the survey and analysis of actual occupancy records and conditions of apartment buildings over a long period. The subjects of the survey were households that were long‐term occupants of public rental housing estates that were constructed in the 1960s. The dwellings and records of infill improvements were analyzed along with changes in family structures. In some apartment buildings that were surveyed, an additional living area had been built onto the balcony side, and as a result of having more living space, young couples with children had moved in later. In contrast apartment buildings that had not had any additions were occupied by only elderly households. For households that wished to continue living in the same place for a long term, despite rental housing restrictions, scenarios were observed in which infill improvements had been actively implemented on the inside to improve habitability.

Abstract In this study, the authors investigated the housing estate “Tsurumaki 3” in Tama New Town, which is one of the first experimental projects, named Kodan Experimental housing Project (KEP). It was started by the Japanese Housing Corporation in 1973 to research and develop the flexibility and adaptability of housing. The authors examined whether the adaptability worked over the last 35 years of occupancy, and they found that the many residents performed infill renovation in their units using the KEP movable partitions and storage systems. As the children grew and left home, some families used the KEP system to adjust room arrangements to meet their changing lifestyles.

Abstract The authors investigated the experimental project, Kodan Experimental Housing Project, which the Japanese Housing Corporation started in 1973, to research and develop the flexibility and adaptability of housing. The residents decided the layout of the free spaces, except the stairs and toilet on the second floor of some of the units. The movable partition wall on the second floor was confirmed to be effectively used by many households. It can be inferred that the concept of adaptability was effective, as many of the resident households had children of school age or younger.

Abstract This study demonstrates that infill renovation for the elderly to continue to stay at their homes longer reduces the physical and mental burden of the elderly and their caretakers. The infill renovation is expected to provide disabled elderly residents with more independence, self‐decision‐making abilities, and dignity in their everyday life. Even if the physical abilities of disabled elderly people have deteriorated, the infill renovation will promote the use of their remaining abilities to enable them to stay at their homes longer. Home environment plays an important role in enabling disabled elderly people to continue to stay at their homes even after their physical functions have started deteriorating.