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The study's main aim was to evaluate the effects of complex mineral fertilizers on the complex properties of heavy loam soils in the grey forests of Russia in terms of applying individual soil nutrition components from experiments with fodder beets. This study employed a rigorous and systematic approach to accomplish the defined goal. Specifically, the research was conducted within a seven-field crop rotation system, with fodder beets serving as the primary experimental crop. In addition, a model experiment resembling a vegetation trial was undertaken, incorporating seven distinct schemes involving various types of fertilizers. This design facilitated the evaluation of the effectiveness of each fertilizer type. The study results demonstrate that complex fertilizers impact the soil's chemical and biophysical parameters. Soil acidity decreases through the use of complex, high-nitrogen fertilizers. Major chemical nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in plant biomass and soil also have a high degree of transition. It is explained by the effects of combining elements on the destruction intensity of the crystalline lattice in the basic structures of potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. There is also evidence that complex fertilizers can improve humus quality and replenish its reserves. All the aforementioned impacts of complex fertilizers on the crop contribute to the high productivity and yield of forage beet. The results of the study may help optimize the fertilization process, improve the quality and quantity of agricultural products, as well as increase soil fertility, and reduce the negative impact of agrochemicals on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was found that varieties Novosibirskaya 31 and Iren have an advantage in yield and grain quality over Omskaya 36 and Tyumenskaya 25 in terms of the predecessors of annual grasses and green manure fallow. For varieties Omskaya 36, Tyumenskaya 25, Iren, the background of mineral nutrition is optimal for obtaining a yield of 4 t/ha. A further increase in yield leads to a decrease in grain quality. The exception was the Novosibirskaya 31 variety, which retained the grain quality to a yield level close to 5 t/ha. The best sowing dates are the first and second.

In 2018-2020, studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian University (Russia) to study the effect of the sowing period and seeding rates on the growth, plant development, and seed yield of wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 31 and Iren. It was found that wheat varieties in the experimental variants formed a developed leaf surface equaling 27.7-36.8 and 26.0-34.1 thousand m2/ha, with a plant height of 80-90 cm. The duration of the growing season for the Novosibirskaya 31 variety in the experimental variants was 85-97 days, for the Iren variety 83-96 days. Harvesting took place in favorable weather conditions. On average, for three years, the maximum yield for the Novosibirskaya 31 variety was obtained at the second sowing period in the variant with the sowing of 6.7 million germinating grains per hectare and amounted to 4.32 t/ha, while for the Iren variety it was 3.58 t/ha at the second sowing period with a seeding rate of 6.7 million germinating grains per hectare. The maximum seed yield from the total yield of the Novosibirskaya 31 variety was obtained at the first sowing period with a seeding rate of 6.2 million germinating grains per hectare and amounted to 83.4%, while for the Iren variety it was obtained at the first sowing period with a seeding rate of 6.7 million germinating grains per hectare (81.7%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, plant breeders of Siberia and the Urals have created a series of spring wheat varieties that combine high yields with good grain quality, early ripening, resistance to lodging, germination of grain in the ear, and other economic characteristics. Considering the current situation in the production of seeds of varieties of valuable and strong wheat, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of different forecrops on the yield and quality of seeds of spring wheat varieties in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region (Russia). The paper presents the results of the forecrops' influence on the yield and seed quality of wheat varieties Omskaya 36, Tyumenskaya Yublieynaya, Novosibirskaya 31, and Iren in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. It has been established that the best forecrops are annual grasses and corn. In the fields with the aforementioned forecrops, a seed yield of 2.5-3.0 t/ha with a protein content of 14-16%, germination energy of 68.8-69.3%, laboratory germination of 92.8-94.7%, profitability of 124-176% has been obtained. The third position in importance as a forecrop is occupied by rapeseed. In exceptional cases, it can also be used as a forecrop to seed crops. After spring wheat, the studied varieties had sharply reduced yields and seed quality indicators, especially for varieties Omskaya 36 and Novosibirskaya 31. The Iren and Tyumenskaya Yubileynaya varieties tolerate the grain forecrop better, but at the same time, the seeds obtained have low protein content, germination energy, and laboratory germination. The Omskaya 36 variety was inferior to all the studied forecrops in terms of yield and seed quality, so there is every reason to reduce the area of sowing of this variety and possibly replace it with a new variety adapted to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variety testing sites, due to heavy workload, do not have the opportunity to test varieties against different forecrops, mineral nutrition backgrounds, planting dates and standards, etc. In this regard, the time has come to change approaches to testing potato varieties in the state standards of variety testing. Considering the current situation, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the registered varieties planted after green fallow and potatoes, to establish their stability in yield and quality of tubers in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region (Russia). The results of testing potato varieties after green fallow and potatoes in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region are presented. It was found that the registered Valentina variety exceeded the standard Zhukovsky ranniy variety after both forecrops in yield and quality of tubers by 2.1-2.2 t/ha and starch by 2.7-2.9%. The yield of the standard variety after green fallow was 32.7 t/ha, after potatoes, it was 17.6 t/ha, and starch content equaled 12.5 and 12.9%, respectively. An average negative relationship has been established between the yield of tubers and the starch content in them (r=-0.36±0.05-0.42±0.09), with a close positive relationship between the content of dry matter and starch (r=0.79±0.12-0.86±0.09). The variety had a strong influence on the content of dry matter and starch, while the share of its contribution was 59%, while the influence the year amounted to 24% and that of the forecrop to 17%. The Valentina variety ranks first among the studied varieties in terms of yield and starch content, the standard Zhukovsky ranniy variety ranks second in terms of yield, and the Alyona variety occupies the second position in terms of starch content. For the Valentina and Alyona varieties, it is necessary to accelerate the reproduction of healthy planting material and expand the planting area in the private sector and agricultural enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the 48-hour effect of different concentrations of tetracycline on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat seeds and shoots. As a result of the research, it was established that the increase in the frequency of seed germination, elongation of shoot height (up to 3.5-4.5 cm) and root length (up to 3.8 cm) occurred when the concentrations of tetracycline were 1-10 mg/L. The above parameters were suppressed by tetracycline applied in the concentrations ranging from 50 to 300 mg/L. When tetracycline was applied at lower concentrations (1-10 mg/L), the specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) slightly increased by 0.2-0.4 units. At the concentrations of 50-200 mg/L, the specific activities of SOD, CAT and POD were characterized by irregular fluctuations linked to the dose increase of tetracycline. However, all variables increased as compared to the control values obtained after 48 hours of tetracycline exposure. The study results indicate that wheat bioassay can be used as an effective test for tetracycline toxicity and environmental pollution monitoring. The subsequent works should be aimed at the use of the maximum allowable soil concentrations of antibiotics, which stimulate the physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It will foster the adaptation of the technology for growing industrial crops in antibiotic-contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the isolates of pathogenic fungi under a microscope with their visualization using fluorescent staining. Phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. were assessed using real-time PCR. The highest concentration from the standard F. cerealis series (3,000, 300, 30, and 0 ng DNA/mL) showed a Ct value of 26, while the non-matrix control Ct was almost 40 for both fungus and plant primers. Amplification curves were also obtained for healthy and infected barley stems and leaves. DNA extracts from the infected barley stems and leaves showed a Ct value ranging from 26 to 30. These results corresponded to the concentrations of 300-3,000 ng/mL of F. cerealis and F. proliferatum DNA, respectively. At Ct 36, the DNA content in healthy barley leaves and stems was the same as in non-matrix controls. The dissociation curves for F. cerealis DNA extracted from the infected barley stems and leaves peaked at 87ºC, thus being identical to the peak obtained with pure F. cerealis DNA. To prevent the infection of barley crops with phytopathogenic fungi, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach, which involves ecological principles of protection. Following this strategy, it was possible to successfully apply crop rotation and tillage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]