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Background:Underwater endoscopic ear surgery does not require suction and so protects the inner ear from unexpected aeration that may damage its function in the treatment of labyrinthine fistula. A method of underwater endoscopic ear surgery is proposed for the treatment of superior canal dehiscence.Methods:Underwater endoscopic ear surgery was performed for plugging of the superior semicircular canal through the transmastoid approach. Saline solution was infused into the mastoid cavity through an Endo-Scrub Lens Cleaning Sheath. The tip of the inserted endoscope was filled completely with saline water.Results:Using this underwater endoscopic view, the canal was clearly dissected to expose the semicircular canal membranous labyrinth and dehiscence area. No particular complication occurred during the surgical procedure.Conclusion:The underwater endoscopic ear surgery technique for plugging in superior canal dehiscence secures an excellent visual field and protects the inner ear from unexpected aeration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Summary A 5-year-old male miniature dachshund was presented with a dermal nodule on the left forelimb that increased to 5 mm in diameter over a 2-month period. Grossly, the nodule was firm, and both the external and cut surfaces were homogeneously pale pink in colour. Microscopically, the nodule was comprised of mainly plump endothelial cells and inflammatory cells; among the latter, lymphocytes were predominant, with few scattered plasma cells, mast cells and macrophages. Lymphoid follicles with germinal centres were often observed. Mitotic figures were not observed amongst the endothelial cells. Immunohistochemically, the endothelial cells were positive for vimentin, factor VIII-related antigen and CD31, and the surrounding cells were positive for smooth muscle actin. Lymphocytes expressed CD3 or BLA36. These findings led to a diagnosis of cutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a cutaneous proliferative disorder comprising an admixture of proliferating vascular endothelial cells and lymphocytic infiltration with follicle formation in a dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Sodium bromate is a strong oxidant, and bromate intoxication can cause irreversible severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. This paper reports the first case in the English literature of bromate-induced hearing loss with hearing recovery measured by formal audiological assessment. Case report: A 72-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with complaints of profound hearing loss, nausea, diarrhoea and anuria after bromate ingestion in a suicide attempt. On admission, pure tone audiometry and auditory brainstem responses showed profound bilateral deafness. Under the diagnosis of bromate-induced acute renal failure and sensorineural hearing loss, continuous haemodiafiltration was performed. When dialysis was discontinued, pure tone audiometry and auditory brainstem responses showed partial threshold recovery from profound deafness. Conclusion: Severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss is a common symptom of bromate intoxication. Bromate-induced hearing loss may be partially treated, and early application of continuous haemodiafiltration might be useful as a treatment for this intractable condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Infratemporal fossa abscess following odontogenic infection is not rare, and usually occurs as a sequela of dental disease. Infratemporal fossa abscess was previously treated with the combination of buccal incision and temporal incision, or via a transoral approach.Method:This paper reports a case of infratemporal fossa abscess in a 51-year-old female.Results:The abscess was drained transnasally via an endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy approach, preserving the inferior turbinate and nasolacrimal duct. The pain remitted the next day and trismus had diminished in one week.Conclusion:The transnasal approach with endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy is a direct, minimally invasive method that provides a direct field of view for drainage of infratemporal fossa abscess. This approach is recommended for infratemporal fossa abscess. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Conclusion. Immunolocalization of the subtypes of water channel proteins, aquaporins (AQPs), was detected in the mouse eustachian tube (ET). AQPs are located continuously from the serous glands and the capillary vessels to the luminal side in the ET epithelium and may play an important role in the transportation of water to the surface of the ET lumen through the epithelium. Objectives. Although the water supply to the surface of the ET lumen is considered to be essential for closing of the ET, the pathway of the water in the ET is not fully understood. Since AQPs, a group of water transport proteins, have been reported to regulate water homeostasis, we examined the location of AQPs in the mouse ET. Materials and methods. Nine subtypes of AQPs were examined in paraffin embedded ETs of adult mice using the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method of immunohistochemistry. Results. Four subtypes of AQPs were detected in the mouse ET. AQP-1 was detected in fibroblasts, endothelial cells of capillary vessels and cartilage cells. AQP-3 was distinctly detected in the basal membrane of epithelial cells. AQP-4 was detected in the basal membrane of epithelial cells. AQP-5 was expressed in the luminal side of the ET epithelial cells and also in the apical surface of the cells of the serous glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on factors affecting the postoperative results in cubital tunnel syndrome. We evaluated 111 limbs of 107 patients who had been surgically treated for cubital tunnel syndrome. Average patient age was 43.9 years (range: 11-77 years). Postoperative follow-up ranged from 1 to 17 years (mean: 5.2 years). Causal diseases included cubitus valgus following fractures in childhood in 43 limbs, osteoarthritis in 45 limbs, and others in 23 limbs. Surgical treatment involved King's method for 66 limbs, anterior transposition for 41 limbs, and Osborne's method for 4 limbs. Preoperative severity and postoperative results were evaluated according to the critera for evaluation of ulnar nerve palsy of Yokohama City University. Preoperative severity was stage I in 19 limbs, stage II in 12 limbs, stage III in 41 limbs, and stage IV in 39 limbs. Postoperative results at final evaluation were excellent in 37 limbs, good in 39 limbs, fair in 26 limbs, and poor in 9 limbs. Age at surgery, duration of cubital tunnel syndrome, preoperative severity, and clinical symptom score and motor nerve conduction velocity in the early postoperative stage (one month after surgery) were found to be important prognostic factors of the syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that luciferase assay, cytotoxicity test and protein quantitative analysis were performed after the exposure of chemical compounds to MVLN cells that are utilized to detect the endocrine disrupting activity. Consequences detected which indicate that the concentration is different between the estrogen receptor mediated proliferation of breast cancer cells and the estrogen receptor mediated transcription by chemical compounds.

Background:An intraoral approach combined with tonsillectomy has been used to access the parapharyngeal space. However, the utility of this technique for parapharyngeal abscesses in paediatric patients has not been investigated. This paper describes an intraoral drainage technique combined with tonsillectomy for treating children with a parapharyngeal abscess that obviates the need for skin incision.Methods:Clinical case records are presented, along with a description of the surgical procedure accompanied by a video clip.Results:Both cases encountered involved paediatric parapharyngeal space abscesses that extended to the skull base. The patients underwent an intraoral approach combined with tonsillectomy performed under surgical microscopy; this resulted in a good post-operative course without complications.Conclusion:To our knowledge, no previous reports have addressed the use of surgical microscopy to help access the parapharyngeal space. The procedure described herein, performed under surgical microscopy, was specifically helpful in enabling access to these challenging spaces; it also meant that surgical procedures could be recorded clearly and findings shared with other medical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]