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Deforestation has a significant impact on the environment, accelerating global warming and causing irreversible damage to ecosystems. Large-scale deforestation monitoring techniques still mostly rely on statistical approaches and traditional machine learning models applied to multi-spectral, optical satellite imagery and meta-data like land cover maps. However, clouds often obstruct observations of land in optical satellite imagery, especially in the tropics, which limits their effectiveness. Moreover, statistical approaches and traditional machine learning methods may not capture the wide range of underlying distributions in deforestation data due to limited model capacity. To overcome these drawbacks, we apply an attention-based neural network architecture that learns to detect deforestation end-to-end from time series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR data are mostly independent of the weather conditions and our trained neural network model generalizes across a wide range of deforestation patterns of Amazon forests. We curate a new dataset, called BraDD-S1TS, comprising approximately 25,000 image sequences for deforested and unchanged land throughout the Brazilian Amazon. We experimentally evaluate our method on this dataset and compare it to state-of-the-art approaches. We find it outperforms still-in-use methods by 13.7 percentage points in intersection over union (IoU). We make BraDD-S1TS publicly available along with this publication to serve as a novel testbed for comparing different deforestation detection methods in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To define the normal ranges of the thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous tissues via ultrasonography, and determine whether the current syringe needle-lengths used for the subcutaneous injections were appropriate. Methods: The thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of 2244 students were measured at the left arm using ultrasonography. The patients were divided into three groups based on their age: 6-8, 9-12 and 13-17 years. Results: The thicknesses of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and skin-subcutaneous tissue were found to be positively correlated with their age, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area. All these were observed to be gender related. There was the possibility to make intramuscular injections for 50%, 25% and 25% of boys within the age groups of 6-8, 9-12 and 13-17 years, respectively. For girls, the risk of intramuscular injection was 25% for all the age groups. Conclusion: The study showed that the skin and skin-subcutaneous tissue thicknesses varied as a function of the patients' age, gender, BMIs and body surface areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A very small amount of Atropa belladonna (AB) can lead to serious symptoms of poisoning and can cause death in children. In this study, demographic, clinic and laboratory results of AB poisoning were evaluated. Methods: A total of 108 cases with belladonna poisoning were retrospectively evaluated. At time of admission, age, age groups, gender, signs and symptoms caused by poisoning, duration of stay in hospital, laboratory data, intensive care needs, and applied treatments were recorded. Results: Approximately 44.4% were females and 55.6% were males. While the most common symptoms were xeroderma and flushing, the most frequent findings were tachycardia and mydriasis. Eight patients complained about astasis and five of them were taken into the intensive care unit. Astasis complaint was relatively higher (p < 0.01) in the patients who needed intensive care than those who did not. Creatine kinase levels were relatively higher (p = 0.06) in the intensive care patients as compared to non-intensive care patients. Neostigmine was given to all patients. Five patients, who failed to respond to therapy, were taken into the intensive care and respond to treatment successfully with physostigmine. Conclusion: Atropa belladonna poisoning may seriously progress in the act of late diagnosis and treatment in childhood. Thus, it is crucial to realize that AB poisoning should be taken into consideration in the patients with flushing, xeroderma with mydriasis, tachycardia, tremor, abdominal pain, and fever symptoms. Patients with astasis complaints should be evaluated carefully in terms of intensive care need. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale lower than 12 should be observed in the intensive care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West Indian Medical Journal is the property of West Indian Medical Journal (WIMJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum concentration of nesfatin-1 in underweight children who have poor appetite, and its association with anthropometric markers of malnutrition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We recruited 50 underweight children and adolescents (aged 2-18 years) who presented with loss of appetite. Thirty age- and sex-matched controls were also included in the study. Fasting serum nesfatin-1 concentrations were measured by using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS: Mean nesfatin-1 level was significantly higher in underweight children when compared to controls (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between serum nesfatin-1 levels and anthropometrics markers. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that nesfatin-1 might have an important role in regulation of food intake and pathogenesis of loss of appetite in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anatolian Journal of Cardiology / Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 23‐year‐old woman was transferred to our department with loss of consciousness 6 h after undergoing rod placement for thoracolumbar scoliosis. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed diffuse pneumocephalus and infra‐ and supratentorial hemorrhages. The pedicular screw tracts were analyzed with computed tomography and misplacement of a screw was noticed. It was thought that inadvertent dural injury had occurred at the time of insertion. The patient was re‐operated and the dural tear was repaired. To our knowledge, this is the first description of these uncommon complications in one patient after spine surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the aorta is a rare disease that is uniformly fatal if not treated properly. The authors present a case of a recurrent tuberculous false aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta that was treated surgically with excision and primary repair of the lesion. To their knowledge, this is the first reported case of recurrent disease after a successful surgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Myositis ossificans is a benign, localized, self-limiting ossifying soft tissue mass with unknown pathogenesis. It may be confused with a malignant tumor of bone or soft tissues, especially in the early stages of the disease. In this report, we present a case of myositis ossificans affecting unilateral psoas muscle, which to our knowledge is a very uncommon location. There was no history of trauma. We describe the imaging findings and clues to early diagnosis of myositis ossificans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of pneumoscrotum associated with nontherapeutic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in a 66-year-old man who underwent flexible rectosigmoidoscopy and due to anemia and rectal bleeding. Subcutaneous emphysima and the presence of pneumoperitoneum with air in the scrotum, around the rectum, and the retroperitoneum were revealed by a computed axial tomography. The patient was treated with antibiotics which resolved his pneumoscrotum within three days.

The effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on the crude oil and fatty acid composition of maize cultivars was studied. Three levels of irrigation (50, 75 and 100% of field capacity) and nitrogen (100, 200 and 300 kg⋅ha-1) were used for treatment groups. After harvest, the crude oils were extracted and fatty acid profiles were determined by Gas Chromatography system. The study was repeated for two years and the interaction effects of fertilizer and irrigation were determined. Our results show that the crude oil content was affected positively by the fertilizer and the irrigation applications. As expected, the most abundant fatty acid was linoleic and the harvest year did not alter it. The highest linoleic acid content value was obtained with a 50% field capacity and 300 kg⋅ha-1 fertilizer treatment combination. In addition, fatty acid contents varied with the changing of interaction effects except for myristic and palmitic acid. Oleic acid was the second abundant fatty acid in the oil samples and the lowest oleic acid value was obtained with a 50% field capacity and 300 kg⋅ha-1 fertilizer treatment combination. Oleic acid content tended to increase with 75% field capacity but 100% field capacity treatment decreased in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]