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Background: Hepatosplenomegaly is the simultaneous enlargement of liver and spleen. Its causes are enteric fever, hepatitis, scrub typhus, acute liver failure and leukemia and so on. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of organomegaly in the form of hepatosplenomegaly, hepatomegaly and isolated splenomegaly in admitted children along with various clinical features and diagnoses associated with them. Methods: A hospital based prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was done from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2021. Children of one month to fourteen years with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly were enrolled in the study. Results: A total of 72 children were enrolled in the study. Among them 65.2% had hepatomegaly, 30.55% had hepatosplenomegaly and 4.16% had splenomegaly. The prevalences of hepatomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and splenomegaly were 6.46%, 3.02% and 0.41% respectively. Both hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly were common between children of one month to five years with a prevalence of 3.71% and 1.37% respectively. Fever was the most common presenting symptom in both hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly. Infection was the most common cause of organomegaly. Enteric fever was the most common cause of hepatomegaly, whereas scrub typhus was the most common cause of hepatosplenomegaly. Cases of isolated splenomegaly were rare. Conclusion: Hepatosplenomegaly, hepatomegaly are frequently encountered in children. These are mostly due to systemic illnesses owing to infection. Splenomegaly usually occurs simultaneously with hepatomegaly however isolated splenomegaly can occur in few cases. Proper history, physical examinations and investigations are of paramount importance for timely management of the patients.

Background: Hepatosplenomegaly is the simultaneous enlargement of liver and spleen. Its causes are enteric fever, hepatitis, scrub typhus, acute liver failure and leukemia and so on. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of organomegaly in the form of hepatosplenomegaly, hepatomegaly and isolated splenomegaly in admitted children along with various clinical features and diagnoses associated with them. Methods: A hospital based prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was done from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2021. Children of one month to fourteen years with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly were enrolled in the study. Results: A total of 72 children were enrolled in the study. Among them 65.2% had hepatomegaly, 30.55% had hepatosplenomegaly and 4.16% had splenomegaly. The prevalences of hepatomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and splenomegaly were 6.46%, 3.02% and 0.41% respectively. Both hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly were common between children of one month to five years with a prevalence of 3.71% and 1.37% respectively. Fever was the most common presenting symptom in both hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly. Infection was the most common cause of organomegaly. Enteric fever was the most common cause of hepatomegaly, whereas scrub typhus was the most common cause of hepatosplenomegaly. Cases of isolated splenomegaly were rare. Conclusion: Hepatosplenomegaly, hepatomegaly are frequently encountered in children. These are mostly due to systemic illnesses owing to infection. Splenomegaly usually occurs simultaneously with hepatomegaly however isolated splenomegaly can occur in few cases. Proper history, physical examinations and investigations are of paramount importance for timely management of the patients.

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a group of rare congenital abnormalities caused by wrapping of parts of the foetus by fibrous amniotic bands during intrauterine life. It can be seen in infants without any known genetic mutations. Band formation most frequently affects the distal segments, including the hand. Here, we report a case of a neonate who presented with multiple congenital abnormalities and clinical features that suggest the Amniotic Band Syndrome. It was delivered by a 17-year-old female patient at 28 weeks period of gestation, who had a medical abortion.

Fraser syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive condition. It is characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, craniofacial dysmorphism, laryngeal and genitourinary malformations, and musculoskeletal anomalies. We report a case of a neonate who presented with multiple congenital abnormalities and clinical features suggestive of Fraser syndrome.

Background: Preterm births is one of the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. It causes long-term medical and financial burdens for affected children, their families, and the health care system of country. The objective of the study was to identify prevalence and outcome of preterm admissions attending a tertiary care centre in rural Nepal, Jumla. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 52 preterm births admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of the Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS), Jumla from Magh 2076 to Poush 2077. This study was carried out from March 2021 to July 2021 for 5 months. Results: Preterm admissions constituted 19.4% of all admissions i.e 52 out of 268 cases at the NICU of KAHS. The mean birth weight and mean gestational age were 1730 ± 378 grams and 33.3 ± 2.13 weeks. Sepsis (34.62 %) was the most common cause for hospital admission followed by perinatal asphyxia (15.39%) and neonatal jaundice (13.47%). The most common risk factor of preterm delivery was PROM (28.8%) followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (15.3%) and teenage pregancy (11.5%) in our study. Mortality was observed in 10 (19.2% ) cases. Conclusion: : Prematurity is still one of the main cause for admissions in intensive care unit. Identification of at risk pregnancy, early detection and treatment of medical diseases, improving pregnant womens' health care quality may decrease the rate of preterm birth.