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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine adverse outcomes associated with cesarean deliveries and to assess potential confounding factors. Design/methodology/approach – A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1−30, 2019 using mixed methods of data collection. Multistage sampling was used to draw the eligible study participants. The sample size was calculated using the single population proportion formula. A systematic random sampling technique was used to draw the sample size. 180 original medical records were excluded because of having missed information, leaving 1,618 women as the study population. We used the questionnaire adapted from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to collect quantitative data and analyzed using SPSS version 22, while thematic analysis for qualitative measures was used to generate themes regarding associated perspectives of participants from a community. Findings – More than 383 women delivered by cesarean section. 20% of the mothers with the mean age at birth of 26.1 ± 4.8 experienced adverse outcomes. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was used to measure the association of determinants and was 2.95 (95% CI 1.19–7.29) for nonuse of antenatal care, 3.18 (95% CI 1.43–6.94) for nonuse of prophylaxis, 4.28 (95% CI 1.58−11.61) for history of medical illness and 7.09 (95% CI 1.19−45.59) for use of substandard operation set up compared with their counterparts. Research limitations/implications – Strengths of the study include the finding of the study are reliably reported in mixed study methods examining hospital-based institutional and personal risk factors and exploring the whole community's perspectives. However, the important limitations of the study indicate that the study poses a number of challenges related to studying design, therefore there was not sufficient evidence of causality to draw conclusions from the findings. In addition, the study was conducted at a single hospital so that it is not convenient to generalize the findings of the study for setting different in social and economic status. Originality/value – Based on the findings, attention has been drawn to healthcare personnel to provide training and consultation services for pregnant women and for health care administration to ensure standard set up for operation.

Regular breast self-examination in women is one of the practicable ways to screen, to detect earlier and to seek prompt medical attention of breast cancer in lowincome countries. The study aimed to assess breast self-examination practice and associated factors among female students of Bule Hora University from February- June 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested, self-administered and structured data collection tools from regular and undergraduate class female students. Data were entered using Epi info. Version 7.2; and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Only 30 (14.78%) of the students were found to practice breast self-examination regularly. Being urban resident [(AOR= 2.757: 95% CI (1.471, 5.167)], perceived susceptibility to breast cancer [AOR =2.910, 95% CI (1.537, 5.508)] and having family history of the practice [AOR= 2.047: 95% CI (1.040, 4.028)] had shown a significant association with the practice of breast self -examination. Discussion about breast cancer and practicing breast self-examination among the students is very low. The students who came from rural communities did not yet perceive the susceptibility and; therefore, health education pertaining to the subject is recommended.

The perinatal mortality rate is the sum of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths divided by the number of pregnancies of seven or more months’ duration. In Ethiopia, the death rate was 33 deaths/1000 total births in 2016. We aimed to identify the perinatal mortality rate and associated risk factors among deliveries in Dilla University Referral Hospital; January, 2016 - December, 2018. A hospital based retrospective case-control study was conducted using subgroup binary logistic regression analysis including 138 cases and 296 control group. The proportion of hospital perinatal deaths was 30% with 90% of the deaths were occurred as a result of stillbirths and antepartum hemorrhage. Adjusted odds ratios revealed that history of still birth, very low birth weight, short interval and nonuse of partograph found to be independent predictors of both stillbirths and early neonatal deaths besides to pregnancy induced hypertension and antepartum hemorrhage. The risk of perinatal mortality may be increased by not treating chronic illnesses, obstetrics complications and risk factors causing low birth weight as well as short birth intervals and not using partograph during labour.

Abstract Objectives This cross-sectional study was conducted on 399 patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from February 15 to March 30/2018 to assess the length of stay (LOS) and its associated factors in emergency departments (EDs). Result About 91.5% patients were stayed in the EDs for greater than 24 h in different reasons. Inadequacy of beds in inpatient wards, overcrowding, absence of different laboratory test profiles and delay in radiological services were showed a significant differences in LOS greater than 24 h when compared to LOS ≤ 24 h in EDs (p