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With help of efforts domestic and foreign authors’ there have collected significant data today. They characterize the features of human development in different periods of life. But these data do not allow create a general picture of the physical abilitiessdevelopment in ontogenesis. Purpose of research is to improve the physical education process of 7-9 years-old pupils on the basis of systematic physical education means and methods use and optimization of motor activity. Results. There are established new data of factor decision physical preparedness structure of 7-9 years-old pupils. Test suite analysis, which performed by this age and sex pupils’ group, allows selecting, as a rule, a constant number of factors –6. At the age of 7 years these factors make up 81,4-89,6% of the total boys’ dispersion sample and 80.2-88.7% of the total girls’ dispersion sample; in the 8-year-old –68.0-88.3% at boys and 75.0-87.4% at girls; in the 9-year-old –77.6-88.1% at boys and 83.0-88.3% at girls. The experimental method based on the effective forms, methods and means of junior pupils’ physical preparedness increasing. It has been positively influenced at the motor activity volume and physical preparedness indicators. The volume of total motor activity of children has increased to a large extent. There were also positive changes in the control group, but their value was significantly lower. In the experimental group were detected more significant positive changes than in the control group due to higher rates of physical preparedness indicators growth.

Background and Study Aim. Today, professional sports are a powerful social phenomenon that is developing at a high rate both in terms of sports and in terms of business. It is natural that various factors influence this process throughout the history of its formation and development. Study Aim: to identify the key factors that influenced and influence the formation and development of professional sport in Europe and North America. Material and Methods. The main materials for the research were data from historical and modern materials regarding various factors that determined and determine now the peculiarities of professional sport development in Europe and North America. Methods: analysis and synthesis, historical method, systematic approach, theoretical interpretation and explanation. Results. Given the global phenomenon of professional sport in the modern world, it should be noted that its structure and effectiveness depend from a wide range of factors, both the external environment and those related to the construction of internal mechanisms of professional sports organizations. Among them: globalization, geopolitical and economic trends, transformation of information and communication technologies, crisis social factors, sports migration, population and demographic ratios in the country, monopoly and competition in the professional sports arena in relation to the coexistence of different organizations in one sport, the focus of professional leagues on higher efficiency. Among the factors that have a negative impact on the development of professional sport today should be noted corruption aspects of professional sports activities. Conclusions. The nature of the influence of these factors is determined by the territorial affiliation of professional sport organizations, as there are certain traditions and legal frameworks of their operation in the United States and various European countries, which have significant differences. At the same time, today the North American remains a more effective model of professional sport development in terms of organizational and economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formulation of the problem. The level of tactical preparation of a football player is one of the determining factors of the success of his actions during competitive activities. A significant number of foreign specialists emphasize the importance of purposeful tactical training of football players starting from a young age which confirms its effectiveness in the practical activities of the world's leading football clubs (Italy, Spain, Germany, etc.). Approach. In order to determine the level of psychophysiological properties and mental processes of 11-12-year-old children, a pedagogical observation was conducted of one hundred football players who play in the Youth Football Club of FC "Lviv". In order to find out the requirements for tactical training and the focus of interactive tasks on the tactical training of football players, a survey of football coaches was conducted (a total of fifty football coaches were interviewed). Also, in order to determine the effectiveness of the author's program of tactical training in comparison with the traditional one, a pedagogical experiment was conducted, in which forty 11-12-year-old football players who play in the "Rukh" Lviv Junior High School took part. Objective - to substantiate scientifically the effectiveness of the tactical training program for football players aged 11-12 years using interactive tasks. Results. It was established that in general, the body of children aged 11-12 years demonstrates a sufficient level of indicators of psychophysiological properties (speed of simple and complex reactions) and mental processes (thinking, attention, memory, etc.) for the implementation of purposeful tactical training. The total changes in the tactical preparedness of football players of the experimental and control groups according to the indicators of offensive and defensive actions during the pedagogical experiment showed a complete advantage of the EG players over the CG players. The experimental group's offensive abilities improved by 10.3% and defensive abilities by 9.4% compared to the results demonstrated before the start of the experiment. Conclusions. The higher efficiency of the program of tactical training of football players aged 11-12 years, which is based on the application of various interactive tasks, compared to the traditional training program used in the practice of Ukrainian football, has been established. The higher influence of the proposed author's program on the indicators of mental processes and the level of tactical preparedness of young football players was noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. Today, there is a negative tendency of increasing the number of preschool children with disharmonious psychophysical development in Ukraine (55.9% in 1998, 59.4% in 2005). At the same time, society offers actual solutions of this problem. Under certain conditions, the development of preschool children of this category can improve or approach to healthy peers' development level, and within existing educational systems, this process can be managed. Therefore, it is important to study the indicators of physical condition children with special needs in order to substantiate preventive and health measures, determine the content of physical exercises for correction of their psychophysical development. Methods: analysis, generalization of literary sources data; pedagogical ascertainment experiment; medical and biological methods; methods of mathematical statistics. Purpose. To determine physical condition indicators of preschool children with disabilities in psychophysical development. Result and discussion. The value of morbidity children with disabilities of both genders, regardless of the defect, indicate unsatisfactory level. At the surveyed children was noted deterioration of the cardiovascular system functional conditions, that characterized by a slight increase in resting heart rate. Most of the surveyed children reported unsatisfactory quality of cardiovascular system regulation (92.0% girls, 75.8% boys). The values of endurance coefficients of the surveyed children with special needs, regardless of the defect, indicate a weakening of the cardiovascular system. External respiratory indicators of children with speech disorders, mental retardation, Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorders correspond to a level below average. Only peers with musculoskeletal disorders have an average level. Conclusions. The biological age of the surveyed contingent corresponds to the passport. It has been confirmed that the development of children with psychophysical disabilities is conditioned by the lag of the normative in most indicators. This leads to functional impairment of some physiological systems. It is was found marked decreasing in cardiovascular and respiratory system activity children with autism spectrum disorders, Down syndrome and with mental retardation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is actual because of the contradiction between the modern requirements for speed and strength skills in badminton and the insufficient substantiation of the theoretical and methodological basis of the special physical training for experienced badminton players. Purpose was to improve speed and strength abilities of badminton players aged from 15 to 17 years old by using various training modules and their combinations. Material and Methods. The research included few stages. Theoretical analysis and generalization were used during work with literary sources on the problems of research. A survey aimed to determine the most effective means, control tests and specifics of badminton training. Pedagogical observation applied to analyse the indicators of competitive activity of badminton players aged from 15 to 17 years old. Pedagogical experiment was held to test author's training program for speed and strength. There were recruited 30 athletes, which were divided into 3 groups (n=10). There were used three modules ("Speed", "Strength", "Jumping exercises") and their combinations. The basis of the modules was wide range of running exercises, quick movements, repetitions of motions, jumps, speed exercises, competitive workouts. Results. Module 1 influenced positively on general physical preparedness (2.58-6.34%; p=0.05). Module 2 was effective for speed and strength endurance of the muscles of the trunk and lower extremities - 3,53-5,43% (p=0,05-0,01). Module 3 was appropriate for the improvement of explosive force skills - 3,39-6,26% (p=0,05-0,01). Conclusions. The most effective combinations of modules are "Speed" + "Strength" + "Jumping exercises" and "Jumping exercises" + "Speed" + "Strength". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem statement. Physical training in educational institutions with enhanced military and physical focus is a purposeful controlled process of physical improvement of future servicemen, which is carried out taking into account the peculiarities of their military and professional activities. To do this, it is necessary to analyze the state of development of students' physical skills and, on this basis, to develop recommendations for improving the process of physical education. Those points determined the relevance of our study. Purpose. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the use of wrestling strength and speed exercises during physical education of military students at the lyceum with enhanced military and physical training. Methods. There were used methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The results of pedagogical experiment indicated that experimental program of physical training was more effective than the traditional one. In experimental group the average increase of functional test results at the end of experiment was 10.7%, in control group - 6.1%. Most of the changes were significant in both groups (p≤0.05-0.001). The average increase in physical fitness in experimental group was 31.6%, while in control group it was 24.7%. The results of the most tests were also reliable in both groups (p≤0.05-0.001). The indexes of preparedness (speed, speed and strength, strength, endurance index) at the end of experiment also had a higher average growth in experimental group (3.5%) in comparison with control group (1.7%). The obtained results were confirmed statistically in both groups (p≤0.05-0.001). Conclusions. The results of experiment illustrated that the use of wrestling strength and speed exercises in the physical education of students at the Lyceum with enhanced military and physical training was more effective and provided positive changes in physical qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SportLogia is the property of University Banja Luka, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The individual approach is an important and effective solution in improving the modern system of athletes' preparation. This is repeatedly confirmed by scientific data and facts in various sports, in particular in combat sports. This approach also has advantages in kickboxing. In particular, it is important to take into account individual styles of competitive activities ("knockout style", "tempo style", "play style") when constructing the physical preparation of kickboxers. Considering the versatility and special advantages at the ring of athletes each of these styles, it is worth paying attention into their individual skill profiles when planning a training process. Aim: to increase the level of special physical qualities of skilled kickboxers various styles of competitive activity. The proposed author's program for constructing kickboxers' special physical preparation on the basis of taking into account various styles of competitive activity allowed to obtain generally higher results in the level of manifestation of physical qualities in comparison with the traditional program of physical preparation in this kind of sport. As a result, there were observed the advantages of the experimental group athletes for the indices of "hand dynamometry" (weaker hand) - 6.03% and "pull ups in 30s" - 8.07% (p≤0.05) from the respective indices of the control group athletes. The author's approach to the construction of the physical preparation program contributed in general, to significant increase in the results of control exercises, which determine the level of special physical qualities development; higher relative indices of their increments; absence of the expressed negative direction of training loads. The traditional approach has also demonstrated its effectiveness, but in relation to the author's approach the results of physical qualities development level were lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The aim of the research was to determine the influence degree of a sports and rehabilitation program on perception of quality of life among people with visual impairments. Methods. Theoretical analysis, sociological methods (SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Survey), pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical methods were applied. The research involved 34 people with visual impairments, who were divided into 3 groups, depending on the level of their visual impairment. Results. It has been figured out that the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairments depends on the level of their vision loss. Among the blind, the perception is significantly lower (p < 0.05) than with moderate or severe visual impairment. A comparison of the evaluation results (with the SF-36 questionnaire) before and after the experiment allowed to determine the impact of the authors' program on the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairment. Conclusions. A sports and rehabilitation program for people with visual impairments has been created. The program stipulates the fulfilment of rehabilitation tasks as well as tasks of sports training. It preconditions intensive sports training in the future. The implementation of the sports and rehabilitation program has been proved effective (p < 0.05) for the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic training by a rationally-developed program of physical training of qualified volleyball players with consideration to individual profiles and model parameters of physical preparedness can guarantee efficient development of adaptation processes and physical qualities. The aim of the paper is to define efficiency of improvement of physical preparedness of qualified volleyball players via application of multidirectional approaches to differentiation of their physical training. Results. Comparison of training influences of different methodologically-oriented programs of differentiated physical training of qualified volleyball players by 20 indices of physical preparedness throughout doubled macrocycle proves their different efficiency. The program of differentiated physical development of insufficiently developed physical qualities regarding individual profile of physical preparedness of each athlete caused more positive changes of physical preparedness of qualified volleyball players in 11,4% of cases. Throughout the first competition period of the doubled macrocycle, true positive changes (p≤0,05-0,001) occurred in three put of eleven indices of general physical preparedness with volleyball players EG-1, while with volleyball players EG-2 - in four out of eleven indices. At the level of special physical preparedness development with volleyball players EG-1, true (p≤0,05-0,001) results increased in eight out of nine indices, while with volleyball players EG-2, the results increased in seven out of nine indices. Throughout the second training period of the doubled macrocycle, true positive changes (p≤0,05-0,001) occurred in six out of eleven indices of general physical preparedness with volleyball players EG-1, while with volleyball players EG-2, true positive changes (p≤0,001) occurred only in one index. At the level of development of special physical preparedness, true results (p≤0,05-0,001) increased with athletes EG-1 in four out nine indices, while with athletes EG-2 - in three out of nine indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the research is to increase the effectiveness of the orienteers' physical preparation at the stage of previous basic preparation which is based on a differentiated approach to the development of physical qualities. Article consists of 10 pages, 5 conclusions, are used 3 figures. During research were used next methods: theoretical analysis and generalization; pedagogical supervision; pedagogical experiments; methods of mathematical statistics. The analysis of the literature suggests that one of the ways to improve the quality of the young sportsmen workout process is the diversification of their physical training. The structure of sportsmen physical fitness in orienteering of different ages and qualifications was compared and identified by the use of correlation and factor analysis methods. To determine the effectiveness of various pedagogical approaches in physical training programs we conducted the formative educational experiments with the participation of 14-15 year old sportsmen of the III-II sport categories. The experiment revealed minor effect of purely comprehensive program and the one that combines comprehensive physical training (70% of total time) with the differential development of the leading physical qualities of sportsmen (30% of time) in comparison to the program that includes both a comprehensive physical preparation (70-75% of total time for training) and differential development of underdeveloped physical qualities of each sportsman (30-25% of total time). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]