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Background. The optimum time of labour induction among women with a previous caesarean without any pregnancy complication and eligible and willing for vaginal delivery is not specified. This study compares the vaginal birth rates between induction at 40 weeks and expectant management till 41 weeks. Method. We conducted this parallel design nonblinded, randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care teaching institution in South India on women with a previous lower segment caesarean section eligible for a trial of labour with singleton foetus without any pregnancy complication at recruitment. We screened 1886 women. Sixty women underwent block (of 6 each) randomization into two groups of thirty each at 40 weeks. We induced the women in the intervention group at 40 weeks with oxytocin or a single 24-hour application of a Foley catheter followed by oxytocin infusion and amniotomy. The expectant group underwent maternal and foetal surveillance and induction at 41 weeks with the same protocol if not delivered by then. We compared the primary outcome of the proportion of vaginal birth rate with a chi-square test. Result. Data from all sixty women were analyzed. Twenty (66.67%) in the induction compared to ten (33.33%) in the expectant group delivered vaginally. This difference was significant (RR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.13-3.52; P=0.016). One woman in the expectant group had scar dehiscence. Conclusion. Among women with a previous caesarean scar, labour induction at 40 weeks has a significantly higher vaginal birth rate than those managed expectantly till 41 weeks. More extensive trials are feasible and recommended. Trial Registry. The trial was prospectively registered with the clinical trial registry of India. This trial is registered with CTRI/2018/09/015719 (date of registration 14th September 2018).

In the present study, we introduce some new separation axioms for binary topological spaces. This new idea gives the notion of generalized binary (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4 spaces) and binary generalized semi (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4 spaces) using generalized binary open sets and binary generalized semi open sets to investigate their properties. We also provide adequate examples to assist and understand abstract concepts. In the similar manner, we begin researching the b-sg-T0, b-sg-T1, b-sg-T2, b-sg-T3, and b-sg-T4 spaces in binary topological spaces. The study on the axioms is done over binary-T0, binary-T1, binary-T2, binary-T3, and binary-T4 spaces, motivated to do the analysis of the spaces gb(b-gs)-T0, gb(b-gs)-T1, gb(b-gs)-T2, gb(b-gs)-T3, and gb(b-gs)-T4 as well.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic divergence among 32 black gram genotypes using Mahalanobis D2 statistic for ten biometric characters. The genotypes were grouped into nine discrete clusters. Among them cluster I grouped with a maximum of 11 genotypes, followed by cluster IV with 7 genotypes, clusters II and III each with 4 genotypes and cluster VIII with 2 genotypes, while the remaining clusters were solitary. The inter-cluster distance was higher than intracluster distance, confirming the presence of high genetic variability among the genotypes. Based on the inter-cluster distance, cluster V and IX and clusters V and VI were identified as the most diverse clusters and hence the genotypes from these clusters can be used in the hybridization programme for further genetic improvement. The maximum contribution to genetic divergence was by the number of branches per plant followed by plant height and hundred seed weight. Hence selection and utilization of genotypes based on these traits would be more effective in the selection for hybridization programme.

With the amount of data being transferred on a daily basis, it is becoming increasingly dangerous to save data on the Internet in the face of intruders or hackers. This study paper is one of the most effective ways to transmit information in a secure and confidential manner. The authors previously disclosed a way for embedding a secret video inside a cover video in their prior work. The writers have implemented a number of techniques to incorporate the secret video. The current work improves on the existing approach by including encryption and decryption concepts into the video embedding process. The secret data for either a large or little amount of information is put on the cover video utilising the embedding technique. Our proposed method combines compression, encryption, decryption, and secret information embedding to provide a more secure data transfer.

Niobium metal has a wide range of applications in medical devices, nuclear applications, and solar cells. Therefore, niobium corrosion behavior and oxide film formation mechanisms are of great interest. Steady-state polarization and a.c transient techniques were employed to determine the effective capacitance, oxide film thickness, and the corrosion behavior of niobium through the time-constant distribution. In this report, we describe a cost-effective wet chemical method of surface treatment of niobium metal for the study of the metastable oxide film (Nb2O5) formed in different media such as NaCl, NaOH, HCl, and H2SO4 solutions. The investigations confirmed a time-dependent formation and dissolution of a protective oxide layer in all the tested media at different potentials, however, recommends short immersion time ( 1 h for NaCl and NaOH. The work developed a new understanding of the niobium corrosion behavior through effective capacitance and film morphology.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that affects all body systems of an individual. Siddha system of medicine which has its origin in South India terms this multiorgan disorder as Madhumegam and has an enormous collection of antidiabetic drugs that are time-tested. Avaarai kudineer is one such polyherbal antidiabetic formulation that is safe and effective in the management of diabetes. Since Siddha system offer holistic approach in the management of diseases, the present work was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of this antidiabetic formulation. The results of phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial action of this formulation Avaarai kudineer (AK) is encouraging as it offers mutual benefit to the patients both in the management of diabetes and also in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications that are due to infections.

Pattern recognition is an emerging research area that studies the operation and design of systems that recognize patterns in data. Clustering is an essential and very frequently performed task in pattern recognition and data mining.Clustering refers to the process of grouping samples so that the samples are similar within each group. The groups are called clusters. k-means is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solve the well known clustering problem. The procedure follows a simple and easy way to classify a given dataset of n points i x through a certain number of clusters fixed apriori. The difficulty in implementing k-means method for a large database is in determining the number of clusters which has to be randomly chosen. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a variation of the k-means algorithm, where the number of clusters ‘k’ can change dynamically depending on the data points and a threshold value given as an input. The proposed algorithm is applied in face recognition which is a very complex form of pattern recognition .It is used to verify whether a test face belongs to the database of faces and if so, identifies it.

The kinetics of oxidation of chalcones by morpholinium chlorochromate (MCC) has been studied in 55% acetic acid-water (v/v) medium. The reaction showed unit order dependence each with respect to oxidant and catalyst and fractional order with respect to substrate and H+ ion. Increased ionic strength has no effect on the reaction rate. In the case of substituted chalcones, the order with respect to substrate varies depending upon the nature of the substituent present in the ring. In general, the electron withdrawing substituents retard the reaction rate while the electron releasing substituents enhance the rate of the reaction. From the kinetic data obtained, the activation parameters have been calculated and a suitable mechanism has been proposed.

A total of 50 genotypes were evaluated during Kharif 2022 in three different locations in Tamilnadu, India. The data on seed yield per plant was subjected to AMMI and GGE biplot analysis for stability study. The IPCA values explained 100% and 98.8% variation in AMMI and GGE biplot respectively. Results from both analyses inferred that the genotypes viz., Mash 114, Mash 1008, VBN (Bg) 4 and VBN 10 were stable across the environments with high mean seed yield per plant. Hence these varieties can be utilized for cultivation in varied environments of Tamilnadu. Besides, the genotypes; MASH 1008, MASH 114, VBN (Bg) 4, VBN 8, VBN 10 and VBN 11 were found to be resistant to MYMV based on the field screening at National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban, Pudukkottai.

In this paper, we present a technique to discriminate between two complex bodies with minor structural variations using the high frequency poles as the discriminating feature in the extinction-pulse (E-pulse) scheme. A full scale model of MiG-29 aircraft is considered for discrimination against another with stores (missiles) attached below the wings. The MiG-29 aircraft is impinged with a radar impulse to excite the electrical natural resonance frequencies of the aircraft. These natural resonance frequencies are unique to any aircraft and are used as distinct features for discriminating it against another MiG-29 aircraft with stores. Prony's method is used to extract the natural frequencies from the impulse response of the aircraft.

In this work, we present a novel method to discriminate between two very similar targets with minor variations in structure and composition. The algorithm uses the singularity expansion method (SEM) to extract the natural frequencies, the E-pulse technique, and a new definition of the discrimination number (DN). The present method exploits the idea that the minor variations either in the structure or material composition show up prominently in the pole locations belonging to the high-frequency range. Numerical results are presented for wire scatterers, showing effective discrimination for the purpose of validation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 336–342, 2001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Renewable energy integration introduces grid instability due to variable and intermittent sources like solar and wind, impacting reliability. This paper provides a thorough discussion of recent advancements and emerging trends in grid-integrated wind energy systems (GIWES) and grid-integrated solar energy systems (GISES). More than 70 research articles have been rigorously assessed and listed the technological and economic challenges. The increase in installations of grid-Integrating systems gives rise to challenges like as grid strain, peak shaving impacts, unpredictability of renewable energy sources (RES), and power quality disturbances. A variety of custom power devices, such as dynamic voltage restorers (DVR), static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), active power filters (APF), and unified power quality conditioners (UPQC), have gained popularity in response to these challenges. Among the various challenges, power quality disturbances, including voltage sag, swell, current and harmonics pose significant issues. To address these disturbances this work present a novel approach utilizing fuzzy logic (FL) to develop multi-feeder interline unified power-quality conditioners (MF-IUPQCs). The MF-IUPQC has three legs and three levels, each of which has four diode-clamped inverters. Switching is carried out through the use of space vector pulse width/duration modulation (SVPWM). Total harmonic distortion (THD) induced by nonlinear loads is reduced by the FLC-based MF-IUPQC, which also improves dynamic performance and offers a smooth DC-link voltage. The proposed control mechanism is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. The fuzzy-based controller is compared to the industry-standard proportional-integral (PI) controller to determine its efficacy. Among them, the MF-IUPQC based on FLC delivers the smoothest voltage profile and the lowest THD.