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Objective:Late neonatal hypocalcemia (LNH) is a common metabolic problem associated with hypoparathyroidism, high phosphate intake and vitamin D deficiency, often presenting with seizures. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D deficiency in LNH in Turkey and to describe the characteristics of affected newborns.Methods:Conducted with a cross-sectional design and with the participation of 61 neonatal centers from December 2015 to December 2016, the study included term neonates with LNH (n=96) and their mothers (n=93). Data were registered on the FAVOR Web Registry System. Serum samples of newborns and mothers were analyzed for calcium, phosphate, magnesium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels.Results:The median (range) onset time of hypocalcemia was 5.0 (4.0-8.0) days of age, with a male preponderance (60.4%). The median (range) serum 25(OH)D levels of the neonates and their mothers were 6.3 (4.1-9.05) and 5.2 (4.7-8.8) ng/mL, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (

INTRODUCTION: Non-invasive ventilation provides ventilation support without the need to establish an artificial airway. It reduces the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, surfactant replacement and oxygen supplementation in preterms. We aimed to compare the success of non-invasive ventilation practices to prevent intubation in very low birth weight preterm infants. METHODS: Patients who were followed in the third level neonatal intensive care unit between January 2017-2019, who had ≤32 weeks gestation years, who did not need intubation in the delivery room, who had RDS and non-invasive ventilation were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) and Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). The primary result; postnatal intubation requirement was determined in the first week. Data were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 134 patients were included in our study. Of the patients, 85 (63.4%) were in NCPAP and 49 (36.6%) were in NIPPV mode.There were no differences between the groups in terms of birth weight, gestation week, gender, type of delivery. Non-invasive ventilation failure was 40% in the NCPAP group and 53% in the NIPPV group and no significant difference was found between the groups (p = 0.14). The rate of pneumothorax was higher in the NIPPV group and the duration of total mechanical ventilation was lower. There were no significant differences in mid-term morbidities between PDA, IVH, PVL and NEC. The duration of hospitalization was similar. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our NCPAP and NIPPV study, the primary result was not superior in preventing intubation.

INTRODUCTION: Group therapy as a different method in the treatment of obesity in adolescence; weight loss, eating habits, communication skills and emotional and behavioral problem levels in terms of evaluation. METHODS: The study is performed in University of Health Sciences, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Family Medicine, Youth Counselling and Health Service Center. Two study groups were created from randomly selected 16 obes adolescents according to their BMI (Body Mass Index), between the ages of 13-18. Group I: eight adolescents who took sosyometric psikotravmatic group therapy for obesity treatment. Group II: eight adolescents who didn't take sosyometric psikotravmatic group therapy. A sosyometric psikotravmatic group therapy was applied that will take 8 weeks, 1 day per week in order to develop their communication skills. RESULTS: BMI (Body Mass Index) of those who continued therapy showed 100% reduction, while those who did not contribute had 25% in reduction. Especially their relations with their parents and relatingly their emotional distress was found to have a negative contribution to their eating habits. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the small sample suggests the reliability of our findings, this prospective study shows that; group therapies with young people are thought to increase the success in relation to the fact that they experience the power of group interaction independently of the subject. Studies on this subject can be repeated with a larger sample.

Aim:Neonatal bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction can present with a wide spectrum of symptoms from mild neurologic impairment to severe acute bilirubin encephalopathy. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia among hospitalized infants with serum total bilirubin levels ≥25 mg/dL and evaluate the effects of high serum bilirubin levels due to hemolysis on neurodevelopmental outcome at postnatal between 18 and 24 months.Materials and Methods:Thirty-six term infants were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their condition of either hemolytic or nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia. Neurodevelopmental assessment with The Bayley scale of Infant Development-II at postnatal between 18 and 24 months was performed on all infants.Results:Fourteen infants (38.9%) were in the nonhemolytic group, while 22 (61.1%) were in the hemolytic group and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the measured mean Mental Developmental index and Psychomotor Developmental index scores. All 4 patients who underwent exchange transfusion had subgroup incompatibility and their Psychomotor Developmental index scores were significantly lower (p

Fanconi Bickel Syndrome (FBS), also known as glycogen storage disease Type XI, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. This syndrome has many different identified mutations and it is rarely diagnosed during the neonatal period. Our patient is a two-week old female newborn who was admitted to our hospital with fever and dehydration. Renal Fanconi Syndrome was diagnosed in the presence of polyuria, proteinuria, glycosuria, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap and positive urine anion gap, hyperuricemia, hypophosphatemia and an increased excretion of phosphorus in urine. A novel mutation, IVS8 homozygote g.24401-24406del6 in the GLUT2 gene was demonstrated by the Sanger method. The same mutation was detected as heterozygote in her parents. Although most of the affected infants have a consanguineous parentage history in the literature, our patient was born to non-consanguineous parents. Also, according to our knowledge, few FBS patients were diagnosed in the newborn period. Our patient was diagnosed with a novel mutation in her first month of life.

Hemolysis and jaundice related to Rh incompatibility in the neonatal period has decreased substantially due to the widespread use of anti-D gammaglobulin in recent years. Nevertheless, the rate of subgroup mismatch in the etiology of hemolytic diseases of the newborn has increased significantly. In this article an 8-day-old newborn infant with “c” subgroup incompatibility and presenting with severe anemia, in whom hemolysis could be controlled with intravenous immunoglobulin infusion and subgroup appropriate blood transfusion, has been presented. Scientific studies have demonstrated that the hemolytic disease of patients who don’t have major blood group incompatibility but carry anti-C antibodies can be rather serious. Therefore, subgroup mismatch should always be kept in mind for newborns presenting with severe hemolytic anemia, and transfusion or if necessary exchange transfusion should be provided with subgroup matched blood products.

Urea cycle disorders are a group of diseases associated with hyperammonemia, which causes severe neurological sequelae, seizures and psychomotor retardation. In this study, six newborn cases diagnosed between 2010-2014 as citrullinemia Type I (four cases) and argininosuccinic aciduria (two cases) are presented in terms of clinical course and treatment responses.

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of intranasal dexmedetomidine in reducing pain scores during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening examinations in preterm infants.MethodsInfants born at ≤32 weeks of gestational age, undergoing routine ROP examinations in the neonatal intensive care unit, were included in the study and divided into two groups: the standard protocol group (n = 43) and the dexmedetomidine group (n = 56), over a 1-year period. Both groups received standard procedural preparation including swaddling, oral dextrose, and topical anesthesia with proparacaine. The dexmedetomidine group additionally received intranasal dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1 mcg/kg before the procedure. Pain scores (PIPP score), heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were compared at baseline, 1-min, and 5-min during the procedure.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups regarding descriptive and pre-procedure characteristics. In the dexmedetomidine group, the median (25-75p) PIPP score, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and mean (±SD) respiratory rate measured at the 1st minute of the procedure were significantly lower than those in the standard group [PIPP score 10 (8–13) vs. 14 (10–16), p

Background: Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a protein that contributes to the formation and stability of lipid droplets. It has been associated with the development of several diseases, particularly related to glucose and lipid metabolism. In infants of diabetic mother (IDM), fetal hyperinsulinaemia leads to increased adipose tissue and macrosomia. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PLIN2 levels and anthropometric measurements in the IDM and to investigate the relationship between PLIN2 levels and IGF-1, IGF-2 and leptin levels. Methods: The study group consisted of IDMs, while the control group consisted of infants born to non-diabetic mother, matched for gestational week and gender. Cord blood samples were collected from all patients to determine PLIN2, IGF-1, IGF-2 and leptin levels. Anthropometric measurements were taken for all patients at birth. Results: There were no differences between the groups in birth weight, birth length, head circumference and body mass index (BMI), but middle arm circumference, triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thickness were significantly higher in the IDM. While PLIN2, IGF-1, IGF-2 and leptin levels were similar between groups, there was a strong correlation between PLIN2 levels and IGF-2 and leptin levels. Conclusions: Even if IDMs were not macrosomic, the presence of high subcutaneous adipose tissue was not associated with PLIN2.

No consensus has been reached on which patent ductus arteriosus (PDAs) in preterm infants require treatment and if so, how, and when they should be treated. A prospective, multicenter, cohort study was conducted to compare the effects of conservative approaches and medical treatment options on ductal closure at discharge, surgical ligation, prematurity-related morbidities, and mortality. Infants between 240/7 and 286/7 weeks of gestation from 24 neonatal intensive care units were enrolled. Data on PDA management and patients' clinical characteristics were recorded prospectively. Patients with moderate-to-large PDA were compared. Among the 1,193 enrolled infants (26.7 ± 1.4 weeks and 926 ± 243 g), 649 (54%) had no or small PDA, whereas 544 (46%) had moderate-to-large PDA. One hundred thirty (24%) infants with moderate-to-large PDA were managed conservatively, in contrast to 414 (76%) who received medical treatment. Eighty (62%) of 130 infants who were managed conservatively did not receive any rescue treatment and the PDA closure rate was 53% at discharge. There were no differences in the rates of late-onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage (≥Grade 3), surgical ligation, and presence of PDA at discharge between conservatively-managed and medically-treated infants (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis including perinatal factors showed that medical treatment was associated with increased risk for mortality (OR 1.68, 95% Cl 1.01–2.80, p = 0.046), but decreased risk for BPD or death (BPD/death) (OR 0.59, 95%Cl 0.37–0.92, p = 0.022). The preferred treatment options were ibuprofen (intravenous 36%, oral 31%), and paracetamol (intravenous 26%, oral 7%). Infants who were treated with oral paracetamol had higher rates of NEC and mortality in comparison to other treatment options. Infants treated before postnatal day 7 had higher rates of mortality and BPD/death than infants who were conservatively managed or treated beyond day 7 (p = 0.009 and 0.007, respectively). In preterm infants born at