Search

The advent of targeted therapy has transformed the treatment paradigm and survival of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with driver mutations. The development of acquired resistances during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) impedes a prolonged survival in many patients. This fact is leading to the use of locally ablative therapies such as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to counter these resistances. SABR is a non-invasive treatment that can be delivered in multiple locations and has already proven effective in oligometastatic disease. Clinical evidence suggests that the combination of SABR with TKIs prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic NSCLC patients with mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with international guidelines recommending their use in unfavorable scenarios such as oligoprogressive disease. In this publication, we have reviewed the available evidence on EGFR-TKIs resistance mechanisms and the combination of SABR with TKI in metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations. We also describe the utility and clinical recommendations of this combination in oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease.

Gluten proteins are responsible for the wheat breadmaking quality. However, gluten is also related to human pathologies for which the only treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD). GFD has gained popularity among individuals who want to reduce their gluten intake. Tritordeum is a cereal species that originated after crossing durum wheat with wild barley and differs from bread wheat in its gluten composition. In this work, we have characterized the immunogenic epitopes of tritordeum bread and results from a four-phase study with healthy adults for preferences of bread and alterations in the gut microbiota after consuming wheat bread, gluten-free bread, and tritordeum bread are reported. Tritordeum presented fewer peptides related to gluten proteins, CD-epitopes, and IgE binding sites than bread wheat. Participants rated tritordeum bread higher than gluten-free bread. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the adherence to a strict GFD involves some minor changes, especially altering the species producing short-chain fatty acids. However, the short-term consumption of tritordeum bread does not induce significant changes in the diversity or community composition of the intestinal microbiota in healthy individuals. Therefore, tritordeum bread could be an alternative for healthy individuals without wheat-related pathologies who want to reduce their gluten consumption without harming their gut health.

Prostate cancer is the most frequent genitourinary tumor worldwide. Maintaining an optimum bone health throughout the natural course of prostate cancer is an important aspect in the management of this disease, particularly in this at risk population of older and frail patients who experience bone loss related to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and/or patients who develop bone metastases. The number of treatment options for advanced prostate cancer that combine ADT with docetaxel, new hormonal agents and/or radiotherapy has increased substantially in recent years. Bisphosphonates and other bone targeted agents such as denosumab have shown an improvement in bone mineral density and are suited for patients with treatment-related osteoporosis and/or bone metastases with an increased risk of skeletal-related events (SREs). In this context, the aim of this review is to analyse key aspects of bone health and therapies that can prevent the occurrence of SREs throughout the clinical course of prostate cancer, and how to combine them with new available treatments in this setting.

The aim of the present work was to compare the impact on the gut microbiota composition and in the systemic inflammation of two types of breads denominated as industrial and celta with different composition (wheat flour vs. complex flour and seeds) and fermentation process (2 h vs. 24 h). Faecal and blood samples of 10 mice were collected at: (1) - basal, (2) - after 21 days of industrial bread intake and (3) - after another 21 days of celta bread exposure. Significant differences in the gut microbiota composition were detected after the consumption of both breads, whereas the celta bread increased the concentration of Akkermansia and Mucispirillum, the industrial bread favour the Bacteroidetes proliferation and additionally systemic inflammation. In conclusion, the more consumed industrial processed bread might provoke systemic inflammation, probably in relation with its composition and manufacture process.

Ground level concentrations of nitrogen oxide (NOx) can act as an indicator of air quality in the urban environment. In cities with relatively good air quality, and where NOx concentrations rarely exceed legal limits, adverse health effects on the population may still occur. Therefore, detecting small deviations in air quality and deriving methods of controlling air pollution are challenging. This study presents different data analytical methods which can be used to monitor and effectively evaluate policies or measures to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions through the detection of pollution episodes and the removal of outliers. This method helps to identify the sources of pollution more effectively, and enhances the value of monitoring data and exceedances of limit values. It will detect outliers, changes and trend deviations in NO2 concentrations at ground level, and consists of four main steps: classical statistical description techniques, statistical process control techniques, functional analysis and a functional control process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the outlier detection methodology proposed, it was applied to a complete one-year NO2 dataset for a sub-urban site in Dublin, Ireland in 2013. The findings demonstrate how the functional data approach improves the classical techniques for detecting outliers, and in addition, how this new methodology can facilitate a more thorough approach to defining effect air pollution control measures.

Se presentan algunas de las características bioéticas diferenciales que son propias de la atención primaria y que tipifican la relación médico paciente y el tipo de atención sanitaria propia de este nivel. Mediante el examen de frecuentes interrogantes que pueden enfrentar los Médicos de Familia en el manejo de individuos enfermos o con factores de riesgo, se abordan las posibles contradicciones entre los principios éticos fundamentales y el papel de los actores implicados en la atención sanitaria. Se concluye que el Médico de Familia, en su proceder ético y bioético, debe generar un espacio de respeto profesional y moral para el paciente y la sociedad, favoreciendo la capacidad de comprender la información y la toma de decisiones. El acto asistencial y las acciones sanitarias de protección, son 2 modalidades del acto médico que deben ser diferenciados para brindar una atención profesional y responsable a los pacientesSome of the differential bioethic characteristics which are typical of primary health care and that typify the physician-patient relations and the kind of health care at this level are presented. The possible contradictions existing between the fundamental ethic principles and the role of the actors involved in health care are approached by analyzing the frequent questions family physicians may face in the management of sick individuals or of subjects with risk factors. It is concluded that the family physician in his ethic and bioethic conduct should generate a space of professional and moral respect for the patient and for the society that favors the capacity of understanding the information and the decision making

Se siguieron durante 3 años 1 412 pacientes hipertensos por el Médico de la Familia para su clasificación, según estadio hipertensivo y grupo de riesgo recomendados por el sexto reporte, así como su evaluación de la conducta terapéutica. Se apreció que el 56,9 % de los pacientes evaluables, tenían cifras tensionales inferiores a 140/90. Las categorías normal alto e hipertensivo estadio I representaron el 90,2 % de los casos. Los grupos de riesgo B y C reúnen al 97,7 % de los casos. Existió una relación significativa entre estadios hipertensivos y grupos de riesgo (p = 0,00465412). En el grupo A, el 60,0 % de los pacientes mantuvo cifras tensionales normales altas; en los grupos de riesgo B y C, el estadio hipertensivo I fue el más frecuente. Una proporción significativa de pacientes en estadio normal alto (p = 0,00030047) e hipertensivo I (p = 0,00011824), tienen una terapéutica inadecuada con un uso insuficiente de las modificaciones de estilo de vidaFor 3 years, 1 412 hypertensive patients were followed up by the Family Physician for their classification, according to the hypertensive stage and the risk group recommended by the sixth report, as well as for the evaluation of the therapeutic behaviour. It was observed that 56.9 % of the examined patients had readings below 140/90. The normal high blood pressure and hipertensive stage I categories represented 90.2 % of the cases. Risk groups B and C accounted for 97.7 % of cases. There was a significant relation ship between hypertensive stages and risk groups (p = 0.00465412). In group A, 60.0 % of patients kept normal headings. In risk groups B and C, the stage I hypertensive was the most frequent. A significant proportion of patients in normal high (p = 0.00030047) and hypertensive I stages (p = 0.00011824) has an inadequate therapeutics with insufficient modifications of the life style.

Introducción: en nuestro país, como en el resto del mundo, los sistemas de salud están sometidos a procesos de modernización y reforma con el objetivo de adecuar sus capacidades a las necesidades de la población. En este contexto la estructura y gestión del sistema de salud son vehículos importantes para cumplir el objetivo. A fin de hacer buen uso de esta red, resulta crucial asegurar una buena coordinación entre los diferentes niveles de atención. Un sistema de referencia-contrarreferencia (SRC) constituye una herramienta que pone, a disposición de los médicos, criterios y procedimientos homogéneos que permiten canalizar la demanda para servicios de salud y hacer uso eficiente del sistema de atención. Objetivos: analizar las derivaciones de pacientes al Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR) a través del Departamento de Emergencia (DEP) y de la Policlínica Pediátrica General de Referencia (PPGR). Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo a partir de los registros correspondientes del triage de las interconsultas de las policlínicas de atención primaria a los servicios de neuropediatría, neumología y gastroenterología realizados en la PPGR desde agosto del año 2005 a diciembre de 2006. Se analizaron además los pases realizados al DEP del CHPR desde septiembre a diciembre del año 2006. Se realizaron fichas codificadas tanto para evaluar la interconsula a especialista, así como para evaluar el pase al DEP. Se calcularon porcentajes. Los datos se procesaron mediante Epi Info 6.04. Resultados: evaluación de los niños derivados a especialistas. El 69% de los casos procedía de Montevideo. Luego del triage, 69% del total de interconsultas fueron derivadas a la policlínica de referencia. Neuropediatría fue la especialidad más solicitada en 60% de los pases. Luego de realizado el triage del total de niños con pase a neuropediatría, 30% fue derivado a esta especialidad, a gastroenterología 0,05% y a neumología 0,03%. La calidad de los datos fue buena en 30% de los casos. La derivación fue oportuna en 89% de los casos. Evaluación de los pases al DEP. Del total de consultas en ese período, 24% concurrieron con pase. Se analizó 7,6%. El 73,2% provenía de Montevideo, 20% de Canelones. Los pacientes fueron derivados desde sistemas de emergencia móvil en 39% de casos. El 26% de los pases fue realizado por pediatra y el resto por médico general o de familia. El motivo de la derivación más frecuente fue por requerimiento de especialista, 29,6%. La calidad del pase fue buena en 64%. El 57% de los pacientes fue trasladado en ambulancia con médico; de éstos, 58,5% no requería tercer nivel de atención. Conclusiones: los resultados hallados muestran una ineficiente utilización de los recursos. Se deben establecer medidas para racionalizar el sistema de atención y promover su eficacia. Se proponen medidas para mejorar el funcionamiento del SRC y la derivación oportuna y adecuada a especialista en el HP-CHPR.