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States are responsible for evaluating teacher preparation programs (TPPs) through program reviews. We use data from Massachusetts to describe the first analysis of program review ratings and their relationship to in-service outcomes for TPP graduates. When comparisons are made across all schools and districts in the state, a TPP's review scores positively predict in-service teacher evaluations and value added for TPP graduates. These relationships, however, become more modest for teacher evaluations and statistically insignificant for value added when relationships are identified based on comparisons between TPP graduates who are teaching in the same schools and districts.

We investigate the predictive validity of teacher licensure tests using data from the Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). MTEL scores predict teachers' in-service performance ratings and contributions to student test scores (i.e., value added). We then explore whether these relationships vary for teacher candidates of color. Although candidates of color have lower first-time pass rates and are less likely to retake licensure tests, we do not find consistent evidence that MTEL scores are less predictive of student achievement gains. Finally, we find that some evidence that MTEL scores are more predictive of teacher performance ratings for teachers of color than for White teachers.

[Objectives] To study the coating effects on structures subjected to near-field underwater explosion, [Methods] the coupling Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Method, Boundary Element Method and Finite Element Method are developed in this paper to solve a rubber coating circular plate subjected to near-field underwater explosion. The results are compared with experimentally obtained wet face pressure and bubble shape to verify the method, and the explosion bubble response to the flexible boundary is discussed. [Results] The results indicate that the rubber coating plate will shorten the pulse width of the shockwave, but the cavitation collapse will occur more easily. In addition, solid rubber coating has little effect on the deformation of the explosion bubble. [Conclusions] This research can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the coating design and optimization of warships subjected to near-field underwater explosion.

[Objectives] To improve the shock resistance ability of submarines, [Methods] an anti-shock cladding for submarines which consists of a compound coating with rubber and plastic foam is proposed on the basis of the shock environment of submarines. The numerical model is established by Abaqus/Explicit to analyze the dynamic response of anti-shock cladding under the combined loads of hydrostatic pressure and underwater explosion loads. [Results] The results indicate that the deformation of the cladding is negligible under hydrostatic pressure, and the shock load is largely mitigated when the yield stress of the cladding is higher than the hydrostatic pressure. Conversely, the deformation of the cladding is great under hydrostatic pressure and the shock mitigation effects of the coating are weakened when the yield stress of the cladding is lower than the hydrostatic pressure. As such, the yield stress of the cladding should be higher than the hydrostatic pressure, and densification should be avoided. [Conclusions] The research findings in this paper can provide guidance for the design of anti-shock cladding for submarines.

We investigate the predictive validity of teacher licensure tests using data from the Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). MTEL scores predict teachers' in-service performance ratings and contributions to student test scores (i.e., value added). We then explore whether these relationships vary for teacher candidates of color. Although candidates of color have lower first-time pass rates and are less likely to retake licensure tests, we do not find consistent evidence that MTEL scores are less predictive of student achievement gains. Finally, we find that some evidence that MTEL scores are more predictive of teacher performance ratings for teachers of color than for White teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use Sentinel‐1 and ALOS‐2 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data to investigate the mechanisms of coseismic and postseismic deformation due to the 2021 M7.4 Maduo (China) earthquake. We present a refined coseismic slip model constrained by the rupture trace and precisely located aftershocks. The InSAR time series corrected for the atmospheric and decorrelation noise reveal postseismic line of sight displacements up to ∼0.1 m. The displacements are discontinuous along the fault trace, indicating shallow afterslip and velocity‐strengthening friction in the top 2–3 km of the upper crust. The magnitude of shallow afterslip is however insufficient to compensate for the coseismic slip deficit, implying substantial off‐fault yielding. The observed surface deformation does not exhibit obvious features that could be attributed to poroelastic effects. We developed a fully coupled model that accounts for both stress‐driven creep on a deep localized shear zone and viscoelastic relaxation in the bulk of the lower crust. The mid‐ to near‐field data can be reasonably well explained by deep afterslip and/or non‐Maxwellian visco‐elasticity. Our results suggest a power‐law stress exponent of ∼4–4.5 assuming a power‐law rheology, and transient and steady‐state viscosities of 1018 and 1019 Pa s, respectively, assuming a bi‐viscous (Burgers) rheology. However, a good fit to the GNSS data cannot be achieved assuming the bulk viscoelastic relaxation alone, and requires a contribution of deep afterlip and/or a localized shear zone extending through much of the lower crust. Plain Language Summary: A large earthquake occurred in the north‐east Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai Province, China) on 21 May 2021. We use data collected by orbiting satellites to measure subtle (millimeter to centimeter‐scale) displacements of the Earth's surface that occurred in 1 year following the Maduo earthquake. The observed rates and spatial patterns of surface displacements are used to infer the mechanisms of stress relaxation and mechanical properties of rocks at depth. We find evidence of continued slip on the fault that produced the Maduo earthquake, both near the surface, and below the seismogenic zone. Our results suggest that major faults that cut through the Tibetan Plateau are associated with deep roots that extend into the lower crust. The observed shallow slip is insufficient to compensate for the near‐surface slip deficit that accrued during the earthquake. This suggests that some amount of the near‐surface coseismic shear was distributed over a wider zone around the earthquake rupture. Key Points: We present a new method for modeling geometrically complex ruptures in heterogeneous media using distributed point sourcesPostseismic deformation is best explained by models that include a deep shear zone below the earthquake ruptureUp to ∼0.2 m of shallow afterslip occurred within 1 year after the earthquake, insufficient to compensate for the coseismic shallow slip deficit [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional aircraft controller design is usually based on the off-line aerodynamic model. Due to the deviation of the off-line aerodynamic model, the flight quality is difficult to meet the requirements when the aircraft is flying in the real atmosphere. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a frequency domain identification-based improved adaptive nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) control method (FDI-ANDI). In this paper, an online recursive aerodynamic parameter identification method in the frequency domain is first designed, and then an adaptive dynamic inversion control method based on the online aerodynamic parameter identification results is established. Finally, aiming at the problem of the slow response speed of the NDI controller, an improved adaptive dynamic inversion control law is designed by using the method of series lead correction. Compared with the traditional control method, the adaptive dynamic inversion method based on online aerodynamic identification has stronger robustness and a faster response speed in the face of model uncertainty. The final simulation analysis shows that the method has a better control effect than the traditional control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]