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Considerable attention has been drawn to tune the geometric and electronic structure of interfacial catalysts via modulating strong metal-support interactions (SMSI). Here the authors report the remarkable catalytic performance of CO hydrogenation over an interfacial TiO2−x /Ni catalyst by means of SMSI.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Lutjanus ehrenbergii was sequenced by Sanger platform. The circular mitogenome of L. ehrenbergii (16,512 bp) encoded the typical 37 genes, and one non-coding regions. All of the protein-encoding genes were located on the H chain except ND6. The nucleotide composition was A (28.04%), T (24.84%), C (30.89%) and G (16.23%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 13PCGs sequences showed that L. ehrenbergii was closely related to the sister species of Lutjanus russellii and Lutjanus carponotatus. These studies provided important mitochondrial genome data of L. ehrenbergii, phylogenetic tree analysis revealed the position of L. ehrenbergii in Lutjaniformes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption has emerged as a hot topic and cutting-edge research theme in the application of electro-osmotic consolidation of low-permeability soils. However, the resistance of circuits in an electro-osmotic consolidation system is complex, whereby electric energy can be converted into various forms of energy. Based on the law of energy conversion, this study proposes a new method for the quantitative evaluation of energy conversion in an electro-osmotic consolidation system. The most important energy created during electro-osmotic consolidation is the molecular migration kinetic energy, which can drive the drainage of water and cations and the consolidation of soil, which is referred to as the effective energy consumption (EEC). The second form of energy is interfacial thermal energy (ITE), which is associated with increasing interfacial resistance. The third form of energy is the soil thermal energy (STE), which is associated with the rising temperature of the system due to the passage of electric current. In the experiments conducted here, the EEC proportion was overestimated by 57–80% in the electro-osmosis process without considering the ITE and STE. The efficiency of electro-osmotic drainage can be considerably enhanced if appropriate measures can be taken to reduce the proportion of ITE and STE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly active alloy catalysts that surpass the performance of platinum group metals in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical in electrocatalysis. Gold-based single-atom alloy (AuSAA) clusters are gaining recognition as promising alternatives due to their potential for high activity. However, enhancing its activity of AuSAA clusters remains challenging due to limited insights into its actual active site in alkaline environments. Herein, we studied a variety of Au54M1 SAA cluster catalysts and revealed the operando formed MOx(OH)y complex acts as the crucial active site for catalyzing the ORR under the basic solution condition. The observed volcano plot indicates that Au54Co1, Au54M1, and Au54Ru1 clusters can be the optimal Au54M1 SAA cluster catalysts for the ORR. Our findings offer new insights into the actual active sites of AuSAA cluster catalysts, which will inform rational catalyst design in experimental settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of increasing blood flow on the pathogenic wall shear stress (pWSS) of subclavian arteries (SAs) are currently unclear. Patient-specific models of the SA were constructed based on computed tomographic images from two patients. Using the Ansys Fluent 19.0 transient laminar flow solver, the finite volume method was chosen to solve the Navier–Stokes equation governing fluid behavior. The time-averaged wall shear stress, ratio of risk area, cumulative ratio of risk area ( P ¯ ), ratio of risk time, and ratio contour of risk time were calculated to describe the temporal and spatial distributions of pWSS. Virtually all pWSS occurred during the diastolic phase. The P ¯ was 2.3 and 1.29 times higher on the left than on the right in Patients 1 (P1) and 2 (P2), respectively. Increasing the blood flow volume of the left SA by 20%, 40%, and 60% led to a 9.27%, 15.10%, and 20.99% decrease in P ¯ for P1 and a 5.74%, 11.55%, and 17.14% decrease in P ¯ for P2, respectively, compared with baseline values. In conclusion, the left SA showed greater diastolic pWSS than the right SA, and increasing the blood flow volume reduced the pWSS in the left SA.

Precise regulation of the active site structure is an important means to enhance the activity and selectivity of catalysts in CO2 electroreduction. Here, we creatively introduce anionic groups, which can not only stabilize metal sites with strong coordination ability but also have rich interactions with protons at active sites to modify the electronic structure and proton transfer process of catalysts. This strategy helps to convert CO2 into fuel chemicals at low overpotentials. As a typical example, a composite catalyst, CuO/Cu−NSO4/CN, with highly dispersed Cu(II)−SO4 sites has been reported, in which CO2 electroreduction to formate occurs at a low overpotential with a high Faradaic efficiency (−0.5 V vs. RHE, FEformate=87.4 %). Pure HCOOH is produced with an energy conversion efficiency of 44.3 % at a cell voltage of 2.8 V. Theoretical modeling demonstrates that sulfate promotes CO2 transformation into a carboxyl intermediate followed by HCOOH generation, whose mechanism is significantly different from that of the traditional process via a formate intermediate for HCOOH production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-atom metal catalysts offer maximized material efficiency, but there is large room to improve the intrinsic activity per metal atom for many reactions. Here, the authors demonstrate that the solution for CO oxidation is to tackle the issue of lacking neighboring Pt atoms in the single-atom Pt1/CeO2 system.

The complete mitogenome sequence of the striped hamster was determined using long PCR. The genome was 16,282 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, one origin of L strand replication, and one control region. The overall base composition of the heavy strand is A (33.7%), C (22.8%), T (30.5%), and G (13.0%). The base compositions present clearly the A–T skew, which is most obviously in the control region and protein-coding genes. Mitochondrial genome analyses based on MP, ML, NJ, and Bayesian analyses yielded identical phylogenetic trees. Results of phylogenetic analysis showed that Cricetulus had close relationship with Meriones. This study verifies the evolutionary status of the striped hamster in Cricetulus at the molecular level. The mitochondrial genome would be a significant supplement for the striped hamster genetic background. Results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the striped hamster had close relationship with C. griseus in Cricetulus.