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To improve the corrosion resistance and wide the application of Al alloy sheet in the engineering production, a corrosion potential gradient along the thickness of the Al alloy sheet was fabricated using the sprayed Zn layer. The process of arc spraying was employed to obtain the Zn coating with optimizing the parameters. Electrochemical testing was conducted on the surface of Al alloy sprayed with Zn layers at different depths. As the depth in the thickness direction increases, the content of Zn alloy elements gradually decreases and the potential gradually increases. This exhibits a gradual decrease in corrosion tendency. The results of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) revealed the existence of pitting corrosion on the surface of the Al alloy. This even extended to the underlying substrate material. In contrast, the Zn coating, when exposed to a corrosive environment, demonstrated the beneficial cathodic effect as a sacrificial anode and the protective function of a passivating film, thus mitigating corrosion. The gradual increase in charge transfer resistance in the impedance spectrum suggested that the corrosion resistance of the sample is increasingly improved. Therefore, it exhibited remarkable resistance to corrosion. Additionally, the SEM surface morphology and XRD pattern were utilized to further explain the corrosion mechanism of the arc-sprayed Zn coating. The Zn coating can provide sacrificial protection to the Al layer due to its higher negative potential and localized corrosion reactivity. This is attributed to the micro-galvanic couples formed between the Zn and Al layer, thus increasing the corrosion resistance of the sheets.

Two new spider species of the genus Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 are described from China: Trachelas kavanaughi sp. nov. (♀) and Trachelas ventriosus sp. nov. (♀). The male of Trachelas gaoligongensis Jin, Yin & Zhang, 2017 is described for the first time. Illustrations of the body and copulatory organs and a distribution map are provided.

Abstract Background There are some changes in the new 9th edition Tumor-Node-Metastases (TNM) staging system for lung cancer, including subdividing M1c into M1c1 and M1c2 stage. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic performance of the updated classification system and try to provide some real-world application data among advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases. Methods Advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients in M1c stage with bone metastases who receiving first-line first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and T790M-guided osimertinib as the second-line therapy were retrospectively screened from December 2016 to December 2021. A total of 126 patients were enrolled in this study. 62 patients and 64 patients were subdivided into M1c1 and M1c2 groups according to the 9th edition of TNM staging system.The first-line real-world progression-free survival (1LrwPFS), the second-line real-world progression-free survival (2LrwPFS), post-progression survival (PPS) and real-world overall survival (rwOS) were analyzed. Results The overall median rwOS was 40.1 months (95% CI 35.996–44.204). 1LrwPFS was 13.9 months (95% CI 12.653–15.147) and 2LrwPFS was 14.5 months (95% CI 11.665–17.335) for all patients.Patients in M1c2 stage was inferior to M1c1 stage patients in rwOS (35.2 months vs. 42.9 months, HR = 0.512, P = 0.005). 2LrwPFS was moderately correlated with rwOS (r = 0.621, R2 = 0.568, P = 0.000). Multivariate analysis showed performance status (PS) score ≥ 2 and TP53 alteration positive were independent prognostic factors of worse rwOS. Conclusions More refined stratification of M1c according to the 9th edition of TNM staging system is conducive to the judgment of prognosis and the implementation of precision medicine for patients.

Abstract Background The literature shows that social support is an important factor influencing health behaviors. This study aimed to explore the relationships and intrinsic pathways of social support, loneliness, economic income, and health behaviors among older adults during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of health behaviors interventions for older adults. Methods A cluster-random-sampling survey was adopted within two towns in Dongguan, China. Demographic characteristics, social support, loneliness, economic income and health behaviors were measured. The Social Support Appraisals scale (SS-A), the ULS-8 Loneliness Scale, and the Self-rated abilities for health practice scale (SRAHPS) were used to measure social support, loneliness, and health behaviors in older adults, respectively. A moderated mediation model was built to examine the relationships among social support, loneliness, economic income, and health behaviors using the SPSS PROCESS 4.0 macro. We conducted bootstrapping of regression estimates with 5000 samples and a 95% confidence interval. Results 621 older adults completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were female, accounting for 75.0%, and the average age was 81.11 years (SD = 8.11). The median (interquartile range) of the participants’ average monthly economic income was 800 (500–1000)RMB. The results of the mediation analysis showed that loneliness partly mediated the relationship between social support and health behaviors (B = 0.024, 95%CI: 0.007, 0.042), with the mediating effect accounting for 4.56% of the total effect. The moderation mediation analysis revealed a positive moderating role of economic income in the relationship between social support and loneliness (B = 0.114, 95%CI: 0.054, 0.174). Specifically, the relationship between social support and loneliness was found to be weaker for older adults with a high economic income compared to those with a lower economic income. Conclusion The provision of enhanced social support and the alleviation of loneliness among older adults during an epidemic can facilitate the development of healthy behaviours, particularly among those who are economically disadvantaged.

Abstract Background Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) not only increases patient mortality and disability, but also adversely affects motor function and the ability to perform routine daily activities. Current therapeutic approaches for, PSCI lack specificity, primarily relying on and medication and traditional cognitive therapy supplemented by a limited array of tools. Both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and virtual reality (VR) training have demonstrated efficacy in improving cognitive performance among PSCI patients. Previous findings across various conditions suggest that implementing a therapeutic protocol combining tDCS and VR (tDCS - VR) may yield superior in isolation. Despite this, to our knowledge, no clinical investigation combining tDCS and VR for PSCI rehabilitation has been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of tDCS - VR on PSCI rehabilitation. Methods This 4-week, single-center randomized clinical trial protocol will recruit 200 patients who were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Group A (tDCS + VR), Group B (tDCS + sham VR), Group C (sham tDCS + VR), Group D (sham tDCS + sham VR). All four groups will receive conventional cognitive rehabilitation training. The primary outcome measurement utilizes the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Secondary outcome measures include the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Frontal Assessment Battery, Clock Drawing Test, Digital Span Test, Logic Memory Test, and Modified Barthel Index. Additionally, S-YYZ-01 apparatus for diagnosis and treating language disorders assesses subjects’ speech function. Pre- and post-four-week intervention assessments are conducted for all outcome measures. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is employed to observe changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR), and total hemoglobin (HbT) in the cerebral cortex. Discussion Our hypothesis posits that the tDCS - VR therapy, in opposed to individual tDCS or VR interventions, could enhance cognitive function, speech ability and daily living skills in PSCI patients while concurrently augmenting frontal cortical activity. This randomized study aims to provide a robust theoretical foundation supported by scientific evidence for the practical implementation of the tDCS - VR combination as a secure and efficient PSCI rehabilitation approach. Trial registration Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2300070580. Registered on 17th April 2023.

Abstract Inherently chiral medium-ring derivatives have important applications in many research fields, such as materials science, molecular recognition, and asymmetric catalysis. However, the enantioselective assembly of these molecules, especially by organocatalytic strategies, remains a formidable challenge, and few methods are available. Here, we report the enantioselective NHC-catalyzed (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbenes) formal high-order (5 + 3) annulation of 1-(2-indolyl)naphthalen-2-ols with ynals. In the presence of an NHC pre-catalyst, base, Lewis acid and oxidant, this protocol enables the catalytic formation of C–C and C-O bonds, providing practical and facile access to an array of inherently chiral saddle-shaped eight-membered lactones featuring an oxocin-2-one scaffold with structural diversity in good efficiency and excellent enantiocontrol. Moreover, the scale-up preparation and representative late-stage transformations of the eight-membered lactones further demonstrate the application potential of this synthetic technology.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acquired insult to the brain caused by an external mechanical force, potentially resulting in temporary or permanent impairment. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are activated in response to TBI, participating in tissue repair process. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms in microglia during TBI remain poorly understood. ARID1A (AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1 A), a pivotal subunit of the multi-protein SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has received little attention in microglia, especially in the context of brain injury. In this study, we generated a Arid1a cKO mouse line to investigate the potential roles of ARID1A in microglia in response to TBI. We found that glial scar formation was exacerbated due to increased microglial migration and a heightened inflammatory response in Arid1a cKO mice following TBI. Mechanistically, loss of ARID1A led to an up-regulation of the chemokine CCL5 in microglia upon the injury, while the CCL5-neutralizing antibody reduced migration and inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated Arid1a cKO microglia. Importantly, administration of auraptene (AUR), an inhibitor of CCL5, repressed the microglial migration and inflammatory response, as well as the glial scar formation after TBI. These findings suggest that ARID1A is critical for microglial response to injury and that AUR has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of TBI.

In this study, we have found two new species—Stropharia subrugosoannulata and Stropharia microaeruginosa. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), suggest that the two new species are distinct and monophyletic. S. subrugosoannulata is distinguished from other species of the genus Stropharia by the pileus covered with greyish-orange squamules in the centre, stipe light brown and surface covered with white triangular squamules. S. microaeruginosa differs from other species in its pileus bluish-grey when young becoming lighter towards margins, later greyish-turquoise lightens towards the edges and surface radially striate when young, lamellae adnate to subdecurrent, stipe with white squamules at the base, acanthocytes absent. The new record species from Jilin Province, Clitolyophyllum umbilicatum was also confirmed, based on morphological and molecular study. Here, we have given full descriptions of each species, colour images, illustrations and two phylogenetic trees that show the placement and relationship of the two new species and the new record are provided.

Abstract Histamine is a biogenic amine that is critical in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including but not limited to allergic reactions, wakefulness, gastric acid secretion and neurotransmission. Here, we determine 9 cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the 4 histamine receptors in complex with four different G protein subtypes, with endogenous or synthetic agonists bound. Inside the ligand pocket, we identify key motifs for the recognition of histamine, the distinct binding orientations of histamine and three subpockets that facilitate the design of specific ligands. In addition, we also identify key residues responsible for the selectivity of immethridine. Moreover, we reveal distinct structural features as determinants of Gq vs. Gs or Gs vs. Gi coupling differences among the histamine receptors. Our study provides a structural framework for understanding the ligand recognition and G protein coupling of all 4 histamine receptors, which may facilitate the rational design of ligands targeting these receptors.

Objective: To study the relationship between umbilical cord blood vitamin A (VA) and neonatal lung diseases and explore the impact of umbilical cord blood VA on neonatal lung diseases. Method: Umbilical vein blood was collected at birth, and its VA content was measured. According to the VA levels in umbilical cord blood, a VA deficiency (VAD) group, a marginal deficiency group and a normal group were created and followed up until 28 days after birth. Results: The umbilical cord blood VA level in the neonatal group with lung disease was 0.13 ± 0.05 mg/L, while the result for the VA level in the non-lung disease group was 0.15 ± 0.05 mg/L. The umbilical cord blood VA levels in the neonatal lung disease group were significantly lower than those in the non-lung disease group. The incidence of neonatal pulmonary diseases was highest in the VAD group, and the incidence decreased as the level of VA in umbilical cord blood increased. Umbilical cord blood VAD and premature birth were found to be independent risk factors for neonatal respiratory disease. Conclusion: Umbilical cord blood VAD and premature birth are independent risk factors for neonatal pulmonary diseases. The lower the level of VA in umbilical cord blood, the more susceptible infants will be to neonatal respiratory infections in the neonatal period.

The corrosion of molten aluminium on components in the aluminium industry poses a significant bottleneck, hindering the development of aluminium products and equipment. This study focused on the Fe–Cr–B–Mo alloy, addressing challenges related to the susceptibility of the matrix to corrosion, the excessive brittleness of M2B borides (M = Fe, Cr, etc.), and the detachment of corrosion products. A comprehensive study was performed to study the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of Fe–Cr–B–Mo alloy, considering the 'Divide and Conquer' strategy for Ti regulation. The findings indicate that the heterogeneous nucleation, induced by in situ TiB2 particles, significantly impacts the refinement of M2B borides size and enhances the matrix strength. Notably, the addition of 4.5 wt. % Ti to the T3 alloy significantly enhances its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The T3 alloy exhibits an impact toughness of 32.4 kJ/m2 and a compressive fracture strain of 19.5 %, representing a considerable increase of 58 % and 167 % over the Ti-free alloy, respectively. Furthermore, the alloy has a volume loss rate of 11.0 mm3 cm−2 h−1, which is substantially lower, by 73.5 % compared to H13 steel and by 21.4 % compared to the Ti-free alloy. The synergistic presence of TiB2 and M2B borides, along with their corrosion products, functions as an effective diffusion barrier against molten aluminium corrosion.

This work is concerned with the following Klein-Gordon-Maxwell system: −Δu+V(x)u−(2ω+ϕ)ϕu=f(u),x∈R2,Δϕ=(ω+ϕ)u2,x∈R2,\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta u+V\left(x)u-\left(2\omega +\phi )\phi u=f\left(u),\hspace{1.0em}& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{2},\\ \Delta \phi =\left(\omega +\phi ){u}^{2},\hspace{1.0em}& x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{2},\end{array}\right. where ω>0\omega \gt 0 is a constant, u,ϕ:R2→Ru,\phi :{{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}\to {\mathbb{R}}, V∈C(R2,R)V\in {\mathcal{C}}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{2},{\mathbb{R}}), and f∈C(R,R)f\in {\mathcal{C}}\left({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}}) obeys exponential critical growth in the sense of the Trudinger-Moser inequality. We give some new sufficient conditions on ff, specifically related to exponential growth, to obtain the existence of nontrivial solutions. Our results improve and extend the previous results. In particular, we give a more precise estimation than the ones in the existing literature about the minimax level.

A palladium/chiral N,N′-disulfonyl bisimidazoline (Bim)-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione-derived ketimines is reported, leading to the generation of a series of functionalized isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones bearing one quaternary carbon-amino functionality in good to excellent yields with ≥95% ee in most cases. The reaction has remarkable compatibility with both substrate scopes, providing a highly enantioselective entry to chiral heterocyclic α-tertiary amines.

Objective Rare study of the non-coding and regulatory regions of the genome limits our ability to decode the mechanisms of fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) in chickens. Methods Herein, we constructed the high-fat diet-induced FLHS chicken model to investigate the genome-wide active enhancers and transcriptome by H3K27ac target chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) profiles of normal and FLHS liver tissues. Concurrently, an integrative analysis combining ChIP-seq with RNA-Seq and a comparative analysis with chicken FLHS, rat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and human NAFLD at the transcriptome level revealed the enhancer and super enhancer target genes and conservative genes involved in metabolic processes. Results In total, 56 and 199 peak-genes were identified in upregulated peak-genes positively regulated by H3K27ac (Cor (peak-gene correlation) ≥0.5 and log2(FoldChange) ≥1) (PP) and downregulated peak-genes positively regulated by H3K27ac (Cor (peak-gene correlation) ≥0.5 and log2(FoldChange)≤−1) (PN), respectively; then we screened key regulatory targets mainly distributing in lipid metabolism (PCK1, APOA4, APOA1, INHBE) and apoptosis (KIT, NTRK2) together with MAPK and PPAR signaling pathway in FLHS. Intriguingly, PCK1 was also significantly covered in up-regulated super-enhancers (SEs), which further implied the vital role of PCK1 during the development of FLHS. Conclusion Together, our studies have identified potential therapeutic biomarkers of PCK1 and elucidated novel insights into the pathogenesis of FLHS, especially for the epigenetic perspective.

The protective effect and underlying mechanism of melatonin (MT) treatment against Rhizopus stolonifer in postharvest peach fruit (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv ‘Xiahui 8’) were studied. Freshly harvested peaches were inoculated with R. stolonifer following pretreatment with different concentrations of MT (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L) and then stored at 20 ℃ for up to 60 h. Disease development was measured to determine the most effective MT concentration. Subsequently, the effects of MT treatment on quality parameters, total phenol and lignin contents, disease resistance-related enzyme activity and gene expression in peaches during postharvest storage, and the in vitro growth of R. stolonifer were investigated. The results showed that 0.50 mmol/L MT treatment could most significantly reduce the occurrence of Rhizopus rot and maintain postharvest fruit quality. Furthermore, compared with either of them alone, R. stolonifer inoculation after MT treatment exhibited stronger disease resistance response, resulting in a marked increase in the activities of chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), the contents of total phenols and lignin, and the expression levels of defense-related genes such as those encoding CHI (PpCHI), GLU (PpGLU), PAL (PpPAL) and POD (PpPOD). Moreover, MT treatment had no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of R. stolonifer in vitro. Taken together, these results indicate that MT can initiate defense responses to pathogenic infection indirectly by priming defense, thereby reducing the occurrence of peach postharvest diseases.

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common diseases requiring emergency surgery. Rapid and accurate recognition of acute pancreatitis can help improve clinical outcomes. This study aimed to develop a deep learning-powered diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods In this investigation, we enrolled a cohort of 190 patients with acute pancreatitis who were admitted to Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from both patients with acute pancreatitis and healthy individuals. Our model was constructed using two modules: (1) the acute pancreatitis classifier module; (2) the pancreatitis lesion segmentation module. Each model’s performance was assessed based on precision, recall rate, F1-score, Area Under the Curve (AUC), loss rate, frequency-weighted accuracy (fwavacc), and Mean Intersection over Union (MIOU). Results Upon admission, significant variations were observed between patients with mild and severe acute pancreatitis in inflammatory indexes, liver, and kidney function indicators, as well as coagulation parameters. The acute pancreatitis classifier module exhibited commendable diagnostic efficacy, showing an impressive AUC of 0.993 (95%CI: 0.978–0.999) in the test set (comprising healthy examination patients vs. those with acute pancreatitis, P

Objective To investigate the status quo of health literacy among military personnel stationing on plateau and analyze its influencing factors. Methods National Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire (2015), self-made questionnaire for demographic data based on literature, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Positive and Negative Affect Scale were employed to survey 2 516 officers and soldiers stationing on plateau with aid of a WeChat APP Questionnaire Star. Their current status of health literacy and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results The survey results showed that the overall health literacy level was 20.03% among the 2 516 participants. The literacy levels of basic knowledge and concepts, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and health skills were 31.08%, 26.23%, and 26.63%, respectively, and the health literacy levels of scientific health concepts, infectious disease prevention and treatment, chronic disease prevention and treatment, safety and first aid, basic medical care, and health information were 40.58%, 19.36%, 9.62%, 82.75%, 29.61%, and 45.03%, respectively. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis indicated that the influencing factors of health literacy level were years of working (OR=1.857, 95%CI: 1.391~2.479; OR=4.657, 95%CI: 3.297~6.578), ethnicity (OR=0.394, 95%CI: 0.251~0.620), marriage (OR=0.609, 95%CI: 0.430~0.861), only-child family (OR=0.759, 95%CI: 0.585~0.985), home location (OR=0.545, 95%CI: 0.359~0.827), smoking (OR=1.579, 95%CI: 1.254~1.988), education level (OR=3.638, 95%CI: 1.500~8.822), weekly online game time (OR=0.517, 95%CI: 0.365~0.731; OR=0.351, 95%CI: 0.172~0.716), number of physical checkups per year (OR=3.251, 95%CI: 1.359~7.778; OR= 4.545, 95%CI: 1.841~11.221), father's occupation (OR=5.185, 95%CI: 1.800~14.933; OR=3.229, 95%CI: 1.261~8.270), mother's occupation (OR=0.221, 95%CI: 0.086~0.568; OR=0.218, 95%CI: 0.081~0.587; OR=0.046, 95%CI: 0.018~0.118), positive coping (OR=1.052, 95%CI: 1.033~1.072), and negative coping (OR=0.950, 95%CI: 0.929~0.972). Conclusion The overall health literacy level is quite low among the plateau military personnel in this ministry, and the relevant departments should actively explore effective interventions to comprehensively improve their health literacy based on the influencing factors.