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Psychological and social adjustment and academic success in post-secondary institutions are supported by a sense of belonging to a social group and having meaningful relationships with other students, staff, and faculty members. This exploratory study used a qualitative approach to investigate post-secondary students' sense of belonging in the virtual learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted at a small Western Canadian university. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants who were undergraduate students, from various faculties, and in different years in their programs. Findings were clustered into three themes: (1) student expectations of university; (2) impact of virtual learning environments on students; and (3) the role of educators. Recommendations are included to enhance support and belonging for post-secondary students in virtual learning environments. [The publication year on the PDF is incorrect, this article was published in 2022.]

The purpose of the qualitative research study was to identify factors and challenges that led to insecure housing among rural residents in Manitoba, Canada. Using a case study approach, five participants and two key informants were interviewed. When the participants were asked about personal factors and challenges affecting housing insecurity in rural Manitoba, their responses were focused on past and current health issues. Health, including acute and chronic conditions, became the critical intersection of housing insecurity and rurality. Systemic barriers such as invisibility, stigma, and lack of access to healthcare services in the rural setting created additional challenges for participants who required assistance and support to obtain and maintain stable housing. Integration of and collaboration among health, housing, and social service providers and informal supports in the rural community are required to address housing insecurity. Rural communities tend to be unique, therefore, strategies and interventions to diminish or prevent houselessness need to be flexible, targeted, and community-specific.

International students are at heightened risk of developing psychological distress, yet little research has been conducted on their mental health or support needs. This quantitative study focused on undergraduate students at two mid-sized universities in Manitoba, Canada. Online and paper surveys were completed by 932 participants, of whom 21% identified as international students. This paper, descriptive in nature, outlines the sociodemographic profiles, current mental health status, psychological characteristics, and coping strategies of international students compared to domestic students in each institution. Data show that international students are more likely to report excellent mental health, score higher on the mental health scale, and report higher life satisfaction, higher self-esteem, and more positive body image than domestic respondents. However, they are less likely to talk about their hardships. Providing culturally-adapted supports that take into consideration ethnolinguistic differences, religious practice, and mental health literacy will better meet the needs of international students on campus.

Harvey Warren Zorbaugh was born in East Cleveland, Ohio (US) on September 20, 1896. He received a BA degree from Vanderbilt University and a PhD in sociology from the University of Chicago. Starting in the mid-1920s, sociologists directed or were centrally involved in clinics in several US cities. In Chicago, Zorbaugh was one of the directors of the Lower North Child Guidance Clinic.

The revised Technology Curriculum for years 1-13 now includes two Digital Technologies areas: 'computational thinking for Digital Technologies' and 'designing and developing digital outcomes'. By 2020, all schools are expected to address these curriculum additions. This article outlines some of the background stated purposes for introducing this curriculum addition. I also examine some of the challenges including teacher readiness and resourcing, professional development and some resources to accompany the changes. The article also discusses how curriculum integration, including the use of authentic contexts, and the use of 'unplugged' resources might alleviate some potential challenges.

Alice Stokes Paul was born in the United States (USA) on January 11, 1885 at Paulsdale in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. She received a Ph.D. in sociology and devoted her life to achieving rights for women. While her academic work was completed before the term “clinical sociology” was used in the United States, her work certainly should be seen as part of the history of clinical sociology.

Imaging of tumor burden during surgery can lead to better tumor resection. Here, the authors develop a fluorescent probe that binds to carcinoembryonic antigen, expressed on colorectal cancer cells, and describe the results of their phase I clinical trial.

We are very pleased to bring you Volume 17 of the Clinical Sociology Review (CSR). The first volume of the CSR was published in 1982 and Volume 16 was published in 1998. The original sponsor, the Clinical Sociology Association, decided to expand the scope of the organization and the CSR became part of a journal with a different name. Many colleagues thought it was time to reinvent the original journal. We hope you enjoyed reading the first 16 volumes of the CSR by visiting the Wayne State University website at https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/csr/ and that you look forward to reading the new issues.

Lava tubes are powerful heat insulators, allowing lava to practically keep the initial temperature and travel longer distances than when freely flowing on the ground surface. It is thus extremely important to recognize how, when and where these structures form within a lava flow field for hazard assessment purposes, in order to plan possible interventions should a lava flow approach inhabited areas. Often being formed within thick and complex lava flow fields, lava tubes are difficult to detect, study and explore. In this study, we analyse the 1792-93 Etna lava flow field emplaced on a steep slope (>4°) which comprises several lava tubes located at different distances from the eruptive fissure, at different levels within the lava flow field, and showing various inner morphologies, with peculiar inner features related to their maturity and eruptive history. Our aim is to verify whether it is possible to connect the underground features with features observed on the lava flow surface in order to reconstruct the extension of the tube network and unravel the genetic processes. Our results show that, in the studied lava flow field, a clear correspondence is possible between shallow tubes emplaced late during the lava flow field growth and surface textures. In addition, vertical and horizontal tube capture is very widespread, and might be the primary process for lava tube persistence and long life. Our results might be applicable to other lava tubes on Earth and other rocky planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical restraint is frequently used in intensive care units to prevent patients' life‐threatening removal of indwelling devices. In France, their use is poorly studied. Therefore, to evaluate the need for physical restraint, we have designed and implemented a decision support tool. Aims: Besides describing the prevalence of physical restraint use, this study aimed to assess whether the implementation of a nursing decision support tool had an impact on restraint use and to identify the factors associated with this use. Study Design: A large observational, multicentre study with a repeated one‐day point prevalence design was conducted. All adult patients hospitalized in intensive care units were eligible for this study. Two study periods were planned: before (control period) and after (intervention period) the deployment of the decision support tool and staff training. A multilevel model was performed to consider the centre effect. Results: During the control period, 786 patients were included, and 510 were in the intervention period. The prevalence of physical restraint was 28% (95% CI: 25.1%–31.4%) and 25% (95% CI: 21.5%–29.1%) respectively (χ2 = 1.35; p =.24). Restraint was applied by the nurse and/or nurse assistant in 96% of cases in both periods, mainly to wrists (89% vs. 83%, p =.14). The patient‐to‐nurse ratio was significantly lower in the intervention period (1:3.0 ± 1 vs. 1:2.7 ± 0.7, p <.001). In multivariable analysis, mechanical ventilation was associated with physical restraint (aOR [95% CI] = 6.0 [3.5–10.2]). Conclusion: The prevalence of physical restraint use in France was lower than expected. In our study, the decision support tool did not substantially impact physical restraint use. Hence, the decision support tool would deserve to be assessed in a randomized controlled trial. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The decision to physically restrain a patient could be protocolised and managed by critical care nurses. A regular evaluation of the level of sedation could allow the most deeply sedated patients to be exempted from physical restraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediation refers to one or more individuals facilitating a negotiation among disputants to help them try to resolve, to their satisfaction, an issue or issues of concern. There is increasing interest in using mediation in a wide variety of circumstances (e.g., divorce, child custody, family disagreements, small claims issues, business matters, community problems, environmental issues and intrastate violent conflicts). Although professional women mediators in many countries are often involved in certain kinds of mediations as mediators or as members of mediation teams, this is not always the case. Examined here is the fact that few women mediators are involved as lead mediators or members of mediation teams in conflict zones - areas that are often large, involve complex issues and have been, or continue to be, violent. This article first discusses the concepts of inclusive peacebuilding and inclusive peacemaking. This is followed by a short discussion about mediation, and then further information is provided about women mediators. Finally, suggestions are made to increase the number of women mediators in complex, large-scale conflicts.

The purpose of the qualitative research study was to identify factors and challenges that led to insecure housing among rural residents in Manitoba, Canada. Using a case study approach, five participants and two key informants were interviewed. When the participants were asked about personal factors and challenges affecting housing insecurity in rural Manitoba, their responses were focused on past and current health issues. Health, including acute and chronic conditions, became the critical intersection of housing insecurity and rurality. Systemic barriers such as invisibility, stigma, and lack of access to healthcare services in the rural setting created additional challenges for participants who required assistance and support to obtain and maintain stable housing. Integration of and collaboration among health, housing, and social service providers and informal supports in the rural community are required to address housing insecurity. Rural communities tend to be unique, therefore, strategies and interventions to diminish or prevent houselessness need to be flexible, targeted, and community-specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The primary objectives of this studywere to describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients who were treated with buprenorphine extended-release versus buprenorphine-naloxone sublingual tablets versus methadone in a real-world setting and to evaluate the difference in nonfatal overdose events between treatment cohorts. Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of patients with opioid use disorder initiating opioid agonist therapy in Canada during the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 11, 2020 to October 31, 2021). Three treatment cohorts were defined by the initial prescribed opioid agonist therapy regimen: buprenorphine extended-release, buprenorphine-naloxone sublingual tablets, and methadone. Baseline characteristics, as well as treatment status, overdose events, and substance use 6 months after treatment initiation were collected using a standardized form. Results: Nine clinics provided data on 379 patient cases. The incidence rate (number of events per 100 person-years) for a self-reported nonfatal overdose was 46.8 (n = 18), 19.3 (n = 10), and 1.7 (n = 1) in the methadone, buprenorphine-naloxone sublingual tablets, and buprenorphine extended-release cohorts, respectively. The risk-adjusted difference for the proportion of patients with nonfatal overdosewas 8.59% (95%confidence interval, 3.10-14.08%; P = 0.0022) for methadone versus buprenorphine extended-release and 6.51% (95% confidence interval, 1.46-11.56%; P = 0.0115) for buprenorphine-naloxone sublingual tablets versus buprenorphine extended-release. Conclusions: Buprenorphine extended-release was associated with lower rates of nonfatal overdose events compared with daily opioid agonist therapy. Given the limitations of this naturalistic, retrospective design, further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and demonstrate the potential for long-acting opioid agonist therapy in addressing the opioid crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research in this qualitative case study examined the root causes of individuals experiencing houselessness in rural Manitoba communities, the routes they took to their location(s), the supports and services available within rural communities, and the gaps that existed for individuals experiencing houselessness in rural contexts. Interviews were conducted with three individuals and one couple who had--or were--experienced(ing) houselessness and/or mobility transience, and two service providers who worked with rural and/or vulnerable individuals. Findings from the study highlighted themes and sub-themes in relation to both systemic barriers in rural contexts--including (a) invisibility; (b) availability, affordability, quality, and safety of housing; (c) knowledge, availability and navigation of services and supports; (d) employment opportunities; and (e) issues with the healthcare, education, and justice systems--and personal factors and challenges experienced by individuals--including (a) financial issues; (b) trauma, abuse and violence; (c) grief and loss; (d) responsibilities; and (e) issues related to physical health, mental health, and substance use. The establishment of these themes formed the basis for a series of recommendations for government programs; healthcare; education; justice; municipalities, local businesses-organizations, and non-profits; and rural community members more generally. The themes and findings from the study also led to the creation of a series of educational videos available at www.bucares.ca/publications/rural-homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine international school secondary students' understandings of intercultural sensitivity and the life experiences they attribute as influencing their own development of intercultural sensitivity, including participation in four models of service programs offered at their school. With practitioners in the field of service-learning claiming that service-learning influences students' personal development, this study uses semistructured interviews and qualitative analysis to gain insights from students' perspectives about the influence of participation in service-learning programs and other life factors on their intercultural sensitivity. This study found that international school students have many formal and informal opportunities to experience difference; that although service-learning can influence the development of intercultural sensitivity, it does not necessarily do so; and that students are able to develop intercultural sensitivity through a variety of life experiences. (Contains 2 tables.)

RAS mutations lead to a constitutively active oncogenic protein that signals through multiple effector pathways. In this chemical biology study, we describe a novel coupled biochemical assay that measures activation of the effector BRAF by prenylated KRASG12V in a lipid-dependent manner. Using this assay, we discovered compounds that block biochemical and cellular functions of KRASG12V with low single-digit micromolar potency. We characterized the structural basis for inhibition using NMR methods and showed that the compounds stabilized the inactive conformation of KRASG12V. Determination of the biophysical affinity of binding using biolayer interferometry demonstrated that the potency of inhibition matches the affinity of binding only when KRAS is in its native state, namely post-translationally modified and in a lipid environment. The assays we describe here provide a first-time alignment across biochemical, biophysical, and cellular KRAS assays through incorporation of key physiological factors regulating RAS biology, namely a negatively charged lipid environment and prenylation, into the in vitro assays. These assays and the ligands we discovered are valuable tools for further study of KRAS inhibition and drug discovery.

Este artigo apresenta a história da Resolução do Conselho de Segurança da ONU 1325 (Mulheres, Paz e Segurança) e destaca a importância das Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONGs) na adoção da presente resolução. Os planos nacionais de ação da RCSNU 1325 são brevemente discutidos, assim como a importância potencial desses planos e atividades selecionadas da RCSNU 1325 na América Latina. Na conclusão, são apresentadas estratégias para incentivar o desenvolvimento de planos nacionais.This article outlines the history of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (Women, Peace and Security) and highlights the substantial role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the adoption of this resolution. The UNSCR 1325 national action plans are discussed briefly, points are made about the potential importance of the plans and selected 1325 activity in Latin America is noted. Strategies to encourage the development of national plans are mentioned as part of the concluding comments.

A descriptive model is proposed to describe the path of adult problem solving and thinking that leads to reentry into college, retention, and eventual completion of a college degree. Intrinsic and extrinsic facilitators and inhibitors to degree completion, theories of motivation, and persistence are explored. (SLD)

Background: Multiple events that occurred in the United States in early 2020 prompted a widespread response to address racism that exists within systemic and social structures. Third-year psychiatric nursing students at a small Western Canadian university answered the call to action by initiating a process to address racism within clinical and educational settings in their faculty. Methods: The researchers used collaborative autoethnography to examine the experience of students and faculty working collaboratively to create a Faculty of Health Studies antiracism action plan. Results: The reflections of the student and faculty researchers highlighted three major themes: what inspired the work of creating an antiracism action plan, doing the work, and lessons learned. Conclusion: Engaging in this research provided an opportunity to critically reflect on the process of students and faculty working together in establishing an antiracism action plan. [J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(8):461–468.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia has been associated with malignant progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Hence, we studied expression of hypoxia-regulated genes in 100 prostate cancer (CaP) bulk tissues and 71 adjacent benign tissues. We found 24 transcripts significantly overexpressed (p ≤ 0.02). Importantly, higher transcript levels of disc large (drosophila) homolog-associated protein 5 (DLGAP5)/discs large homolog 7 (DLG7)/hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP), hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) and cyclin B1 (CCNB1) were associated with higher Gleason score and more advanced systemic progression. Since the products of HMMR and CCNB1 have been identified recently as molecular markers of CaP progression, we postulated that DLG7 has prognostic value too. To test this hypothesis, we measured transcript levels for DLG7 in a 150-pair case-control cohort. The cases (progression to systemic disease within six years of surgery) and controls (no progression within eight years) were matched for clinical and pathologic prognostic variables, including grade, stage, and preoperative serum levels of PSA. The overall prognostic ability of DLG7, as tested in receiver operating characteristic analysis was of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.8). Overall, our data indicate that expression of DLG7, a hypoxia-controlled gene, holds prognostic potential in high-risk CaP; this also demonstrates that variation of oxygen tension may constitute a tool for identification of novel biomarkers for CaP.