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Introduction: Shankhpushpi has been widely used in traditional Indian systems of medicine as a brain and memory boosting tonic. There are a variety of botanicals reported to be used as sources of Shankhpushpi in various parts of India. For instance, Canscora decussata Schult, Clitorea ternatea Linn., Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy. and Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. are most commonly used as sources of Shankhpushpi by practitioners of Ayurveda in different parts of the country.

Abstract Background Fuzzless-lintless cotton mutants are considered to be the ideal material to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in fibre cell development. Although there are few reports on transcriptome and proteome analyses in cotton at fibre initiation and elongation stages, there is no comprehensive comparative transcriptome analysis of fibre-bearing and fuzzless-lintless cotton ovules covering fibre initiation to secondary cell wall (SCW) synthesis stages. In the present study, a comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out using G. hirsutum L. cv. MCU5 wild-type (WT) and it’s near isogenic fuzzless-lintless (fl) mutant at fibre initiation (0 dpa/days post anthesis), elongation (5, 10 and 15 dpa) and SCW synthesis (20 dpa) stages. Results Scanning electron microscopy study revealed the delay in the initiation of fibre cells and lack of any further development after 2 dpa in the fl mutant. Transcriptome analysis showed major down regulation of transcripts (90%) at fibre initiation and early elongation (5 dpa) stages in the fl mutant. Majority of the down regulated transcripts at fibre initiation stage in the fl mutant represent calcium and phytohormone mediated signal transduction pathways, biosynthesis of auxin and ethylene and stress responsive transcription factors (TFs). Further, transcripts involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, mitochondrial electron transport system (mETS) and cell wall loosening and elongation were highly down-regulated at fibre elongation stage (5–15 dpa) in the fl mutant. In addition, cellulose synthases and sucrose synthase C were down-regulated at SCW biosynthesis stage (15–20 dpa). Interestingly, some of the transcripts (~50%) involved in phytohormone signalling and stress responsive transcription factors that were up-regulated at fibre initiation stage in the WT were found to be up-regulated at much later stage (15 dpa) in fl mutant. Conclusions Comparative transcriptome analysis of WT and its near isogenic fl mutant revealed key genes and pathways involved at various stages of fibre development. Our data implicated the significant role of mitochondria mediated energy metabolism during fibre elongation process. The delayed expression of genes involved in phytohormone signalling and stress responsive TFs in the fl mutant suggests the need for a coordinated expression of regulatory mechanisms in fibre cell initiation and differentiation.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has ameliorated the endurance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Nevertheless, antiretroviral drugs are extremely toxic and remain an important concern as they are linked with versatile adverse drug reactions. Gynaecomastia is consorted with exposure to anti-retroviral therapy specially due to Efavirenz. We report a case series of three patients who presented with gynaecomastia. One patient had to undergo surgery and other two patients received pharmacotherapy

Innovative for the scientific community and attracting attention in the extensive biomedical field are novel compact organic chemosensing systems built upon unique core molecular frameworks. These systems may demonstrate customized responses and may be adaptable to analytes, showing promise for potential in vivo applications. Our recent investigation focuses on a precursor of Mycophenolic acid, resulting in the development of LBM (LOD = 13 nM) – a specialized probe selective for H2O2. This paper details the synthesis, characterization, and thorough biological assessments of LBM. Notably, we conducted experiments involving living cells, daphnia, and zebrafish models, utilizing microscopy techniques to determine probe nontoxicity and discern distinct patterns of probe localization. Localization involved the distribution of the probe in the Zebrafish model within the gut, esophagus, and muscles of the antennae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In several biological processes, H2S is known to function as an endogenous gaseous agent. It is very necessary to monitor H2S and relevant physiological processes in vivo. Herein, a new type of fluorophore with a reliable leaving group allows for excited‐state intramolecular transfer characteristics (ESIPT), inspired by mycophenolic acid. A morpholine ring was connected at the maleimide position of the probe to target the lysosome. Subsequently, the dinitrophenyl group known for a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect, was connected to allow for an effective "turn‐on" probe Lyso‐H2S. Lyso‐H2S demonstrated strong selectivity towards H2S, a large Stokes shift (111 nm), and an incredibly low detection limit (41.8 nM). The imaging of endogenous and exogenous H2S in living cells (A549 cell line) was successfully achieved because of the specificity and ultra‐low toxicity (100 % cell viability at 50 μM concentration of Lyso‐H2S.) Additionally, Lyso‐H2S was also employed to visualize the activity of H2S in the gallbladder and intestine in a living zebrafish model. This is the first report of a fluorescent probe to track H2S sensing in specific organ systems to our knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Selecting a correct shade is the key to success of any prosthesis, especially in the aesthetic zone. Variations of shade in a single tooth or the polychromatic nature of a tooth can impose greater challenges in shade matching. Therefore, it would be best if it is taught during the undergraduate course in dental schools. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and shade matching skills among dental undergraduate students with and without training in three different clinical conditions. Materials and Methods: This post-test only quasi-experimental study was conducted with 377 undergraduate students of Indian origin studying in a dental teaching institute. The students were divided into two groups based upon their clinical training in shade matching: Group I (trained, n=197) and Group II (untrained, n=180). Three different patients, in terms of their shade complexity, were presented to both the groups and their shade matching ability was assessed. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Chi-square test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Statistical analysis showed that the mean correct scores of the trained students were significantly higher than those of the untrained students (p=0.0001) in all three patients. There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001), as the trained group was better able to identify the correct or clinically acceptable shade compared to the untrained group in all three cases. Conclusion: The study concluded that training significantly improved the shade matching ability of dental undergraduate students in clinical conditions presenting varied complexities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the transition from Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the concept of development has shifted from development to inclusive development. This motivates authors to include not only growth and inequality but also poverty, which will represent our concept of inclusive development. The literature on trade and its impact on inequality and poverty is ambiguous and heterogeneous, reflecting the need for more empirical analyses to enable effective policy targeting and implementation. The study examines the dynamic linkages between trade and the GIP triangle (economic growth, poverty, and inequality) in 18 emerging countries from 1991 to 2020. As a contribution to the existing literature, the study emphasizes direct and indirect linkages between trade and the GIP triangle. Using the panel ARDL approach for panel data, the study finds that trade promotes growth. Trade also helps in deteriorating income inequality, while it is not a factor of poverty eradication in emerging economies. The study recommends that to maximize the effectiveness of trade policies; they must be complementary and implemented in tandem with trade reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]