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Research on the identification of publishing barriers among lecturers is an important aspect that needs to be reviewed as it helps provide important information to the top management of the university to help prepare strategies for boosting publications among academics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors that prevent lecturers at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (FSSK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) from publishing. The study was conducted by using a cross sectional quantitative design. A total of 72 lecturers currently employed at FSSK, UKM were selected as survey respondents. The data were analyzed descriptively to get an overview of the barriers faced by the lecturers in carrying out publication. The results showed that the majority of those involved in the study were female lecturers (58.1%), senior lecturers of Grade DS51 / 52 (49.3%) and most of them admitted to have ever lead a research grant between 2013 and 2016 (79.5%). The analysis of the study found that the teaching and supervisory factor (min = 2.99) was the factor that recorded the highest mean as an obstacle among the lecturers to carry out publication, followed by the administrative position factor (mean = 2.91) and situational factor (mean = 2.76) and factors related to research (mean = 2.02). The findings have implication on the university's top management efforts to achieve UKM's objective as a research university and the need to improve the policies which are appropriate in line with achieving the goal of a research university as targeted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 28 June 2011, the Instrumentation & Electronics Technology Division (BTIE) conducted a test to compare the transmitted signals of two mobile phone jammers (MPJs) a portable MPJ (MPJ34) and a high powered MPJ (MPJ2000). Both MPJs are designed to operate in the bandwidths of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Digital Cellular System (DCS) and Third Generation Mobile Telecommunications (3G). The test was conducted in BTIE's semi anechoic chamber in order to avoid unintended interference signals. It was observed that for all the tested bandwidths, the MPJ2000 jammer has significantly higher transmitted power levels as compared to the MPJ34 jammer. Hence, of the two jammers, the MPJ2000 jammer is able to conduct mobile phone jamming for significantly larger radiuses. It should be noted that in addition to transmitted power levels, other parameters can affect an MPJ's jamming radius, including proximity to base transceiver stations (BTSs), presence of buildings and landscape, and temperature and humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous study, the determination of suitable RF detectors for detection of wireless spy devices was conducted via the measurement of two key parameters; operating bandwidth and power level threshold. However, this study was limited to RF detectors with maximum operating frequency of up to 3 GHz (based on provided specifications). This paper is aimed at extending this study to RF detectors with specified maximum operating frequency of at least 6 GHz, which is considered as sufficient to cover standard wireless communications frequencies. Four RF detectors were considered for the study; Lanmda (model LM-DC 2), Skynet (model XB-68), Mini Gadgets (model CD-RFLD) and Comenzi (model RFS-DT1). Each of the evaluated RF detectors has a variable power level threshold. It was found that the Lanmda RF detector has the largest operating bandwidth (14 MHz - 4.85 GHz), followed by the Comenzi (9 MHz - 3.82 GHz) and Mini Gadgets (156 MHz - 3.44 GHz) RF detectors, while the Skynet RF detector has the smallest operating bandwidth (0.3 MHz - 2.91 GHz). It was observed that the evaluated RF detectors have varying power level threshold performances over frequency. The Comenzi RF detector generally has the lowest power level threshold performance over the tested frequencies. However, the Comenzi RF detector's significantly low power level thresholds could render it susceptible to false alarms, and make it difficult to hone in on possible targets. The Lanmda RF detector's power level thresholds make it suitable for the user to sweep the suspected area using its lowest power level threshold, and then, hone in on the target using higher power level thresholds. Furthermore, its larger operating bandwidth allows it to detect a wider range of signal frequencies. It should be noted that while this operating bandwidth is sufficient to cover most commonly used wireless communications frequencies, it is unsuitable for detection of the increasingly popular 5 and 5. 8 GHz communications frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2010 to February 2011, the Instrumentation & Electronics Technology Division (BTIE) conducted a series of tests to measure the operating bandwidth and power level threshold of two RF detectors; HomeSafe (model 790) and Ghost (model CT-AS0039). It was determined that the Ghost RF detector's Channel A has the largest operating bandwidth (0.3 MHz to 4.84 GHz), followed by its Channel B (0.4 MHz to 4.35 GHz), while the HomeSafe RF detector has the smallest operating bandwidth (91 MHz to 3.88 GHz). The HomeSafe RF detector has the lowest power level thresholds for the frequency range of approximately 0.7 to 2.9 GHz, while the Ghost RF detector's Channel A has the lowest power thresholds for the remaining tested frequencies. The Ghost RF detector's Channel A also generally has the most stable power level thresholds over the frequencies. Based on the results obtained, the Ghost RF detector is more suitable for detection of wireless spy devices as it can allow for the detection of a wider range of signal frequencies. In addition, its two power level threshold channels, Channel A with lower power level threshold for detection of low power level signals, and Channel B with higher power level threshold to avoid false alarms, allows the user to sweep the suspected area using Channel A, and then, hone in on the target using Channel B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effect of radio frequency interference (RFI) on the global positioning system (GPS) L1 coarse acquisition (C/A) signal, the Instrumentation & Electronics Technology Division (BTIE), Science & Technology Research Institute for Defence (STRIDE), conducted a series of tests specifically aimed at evaluating the minimum interference signal power levels required to jam various GPS receivers. However, interference signals with power levels below the minimum jamming threshold could still severely distort GPS accuracy, rendering it useless for applications requiring high precision. BTIE conducted a test on 8th April 2010 to evaluate the effect of RFI on the accuracy of a Garmin GPS map 60CSx handheld receiver, which employs the GPS L1 C/A signal. As expected, the probable error values of the location fixes increased as the transmuted interference signal power level was increased, until the GPS receiver was completely jammed. The amount of increase of probable error values and the minimum jamming power levels varied significantly based on GPS coverage and various error parameters, including ionospheric and tropospheric delays, and satellite clock, ephemeris and multipath errors. On the whole, this test has demonstrated the disadvantages of field global navigation satellite system (GNSS) evaluations; without the ability to control the various GNSS error parameters, it is difficult to effectively study the effect of any particular error parameter, in the case of this test, interference, on GNSS accuracy. This highlights the importance of using a GNSS simulator for such tests, whereby the tests could be done under repeatable user-controlled conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]