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An important aspect of policy integration is the need for policymakers to establish integrative capacity. However, very few scholars who refer to this concept have explained what integrative capacity is and what aspects of the policy process policymakers need to focus on to establish that capacity. In this paper, we define integrative capacity and introduce an "integrative capacity framework" that outlines key components required by public agencies to progress policy integration. Drawing on existing literature, we apply three dimensions of policy—the policy process, program, and politics—to identify where integrative capacity can occur. Within those dimensions, we identify four conditions that can impact integration: coordination and coherence; accountability, transparency, and legitimacy; resourcing and adequate institutional architecture. We argue that by unpacking the integrative capacity concept, scholars and policymakers can utilize the framework to identify what elements of the policy process need to be addressed to increase the likelihood of integrative policy success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual and descriptive study examines the critical issues, challenges and priorities for European higher education (HE) leaders, drawing upon the theory, practice and experience of leaders inside and outside the open and distance learning (ODL) field. Focussing on the emerging vantage points of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), global trends and the post-pandemic HE landscape, the article discusses their impact on organisational architecture and the emerging leadership roles for driving organisational values, change and sustainability. The authors argue that to maintain institutional stability and agility, leaders must interpret the current zeitgeist to set priorities, build decision-action packages and embrace a new organisational architecture: one characterised by flexible structures, a clear vision of the desired future, a culture of trust and openness, a comprehensive and deep understanding and optimum application of employee skill and talent, and the effective implementation of digital tools and curriculum structures in pedagogically meaningful ways. Leaders must be adaptable, agile and innovative, with the capacity to understand, identify and support the forms of leadership appropriate to their strategic objectives and institutional culture. The paper concludes by targeting critical priorities and actions that leaders must navigate to create innovative and dynamic futures for their institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper reveals that the formation of the information society at the turn of the century with a focus on a network economy marked the beginning of the economic relations and laws system global modification. This modification is due primarily to the latest technological changes and innovations in information and communication. However, in its profound nature, it has a value character and is associated with the need for a thorough understanding of the new socio-economic picture of the world. The traditional interpretation of this situation does not meet public expectations about progressive, creative development possibilities. Public dissatisfaction with globalisation is growing. Phenomena of socio-economic instability (turbulence) and uncertainty undermine the civilisational foundations of the social economy, create several global challenges and threats. It is shown that an adequate guideline for successful management is to ensure balanced social development through the development of a holistic institutional architecture, which operates under the laws of effective economic equilibrium. Economic theory is designed to substantiate the laws of operation and the principles of building the institutional architecture of management. At the same time, modern economics remains traditional, while the correct answer to the global social demand must be given by relativistic economics, which can form the socio-economic foundations of the phenomenon of relativity. It is determined that the concept of the institute as a transformed form of economic value (economic good, the only one in the triple definition of marginal utility, value, and price) is an adequate basis for building relativistic economics, methodological source of creative knowledge and formation of the latest holistic picture of the world. It is noted that the tools of value economic analysis (in particular, the model of general economic equilibrium) were formed in the depths of classical political economy, but today it needs to be updated. It is established that the methodological restoration of economics as a valuable source of a positive relativistic understanding of the latest world picture is an essential agenda for further creative research to determine the principles of building an economy of trust forerunner of the institutional architecture. The basis of such an economy is a public sector model focusing on the market of public goods, which harmonises the system of public interests, processes of self-organisation and organisation in the economy, thus contributing to the formation of effective mechanisms for stabilising social development.

Copyright of Optimum. Economic Studies is the property of University of Bialystok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author analyzed results of the recent EU summit in Brussels and the decisions adopted by it. Special attention has been devoted to the influence of the UK parliamentary elections on the summit which brought perspective of Brexit to the door of the EU. The agenda of the summit contains as well as items related to the convocation of the Conference on future of Europe, the EU budget allocations for 2021–2027, implementation of the decisions of Paris conference on climate changes. It is underlined that combination of two factors – ineffectiveness of present mechanisms of the EU and Brexit – gave relevance to the question of further modernization of the EU with the aim of its consolidation and strengthening the role of the EU in global defense and economy. The article focuses also on creation of the European Security Council (ESC) with the UK participation. It is noted that under certain conditions the idea of association of the UK with a renovated European Un- ion could be attractive to prime-minister B. Johnson striving to revive the global role for the UK. Different variants of formation of the ESC have been considered through a prism of possible adop- tion of this idea by the EU member states. The article contains a forecast concerning the EU further actions on this subject.

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water governance strongly depends on the institutional arrangements in place. The plethora of recent inquiries into the adequacy and integrity of governance arrangements in the Murray Darling Basin (MDB) indicates a crisis of trust, legitimacy and public confidence – in short, a loss of authority. With the prospect that current arrangements are losing the authority and legitimacy needed to govern the Basin, pressure is mounting for further reforms due to scandals exposed in the media throughout 2017 and 2018. These and subsequent inquiries have revealed serious concerns about probity, integrity, maladministration and the adequacy of compliance and enforcement regimes. The productive potential of this crisis is that draws attention to the need for reforms to governance institutions. This paper aims to explore the redesign of the institutional architecture in the MDB. Given the profound challenges of social and climate change that are demanding reconsideration of the underlying models used in adaptively governing large complex socio-ecological systems, the paper asks what arrangements are suited to the challenges of governing the Basin in the 21st century? This paper explores the nature of the redesign challenge, exploring principles, practices and features of MDB governance. The need for institutions with capacity for strategic navigation, goal seeking and the cultural co-construction of authority are suggested in the interests of cultivating debate about prospective reorganisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper contains a study of the phenomenon of company’s specific internal divisions called “trading house”. The analysis of different approaches (based on results obtained by R. Coase and O. Williamson) towards the problem of impact of transaction cost on company size leads to the following conclusion: the company size mostly depends on its institutional architecture which includes specific divisions that ensure outsourcing of intergroup transaction cost. I propose to call these divisions centers of transaction cost. I suppose that the wide popularity of trading houses among companies belonging to different branches can be explained by the fact that a trading house is mostly used not as selling and purchasing division, but as a center of transaction cost that concentrates the biggest transaction cost (by its share within company’s general expenses). This reasoning leads to possibility of existence of a set of methodological principles that allow to build up an a priori model of expanding company. The process of expansion represents a series of inclusion of centers of transactions cost by the company after institutional advantages of an earlier institutional architecture disappear. This methodology allows to set up a classification between a classical company as a structure with low level of integration and frozen institutional architecture and an economic organization that represents an explicitly constructed composition including centers of transaction cost that help to extend the transformational space of an expanding company.

Urgency of the research. Existence of such phenomena as money laundering (ML) and financing of terrorism (FT) represents huge danger both to national economies, and to geopolitical and geoeconomic stability in general. Target setting. Features of the world system of counteraction to ML/FT limit its institutional and operational capacities and in certain cases may be tool of sheltering doubtful actions. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. From the perspective of economic science there are two phenomena which influence the counteraction to ML/FT: substantial adequacy of the repressive measures and a substantial failure of countries to adopt adequate preventive measures. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The system of organization of this policy in global and regional scale may strengthen regulatory actions of the countries or legitimize the situation when the some subjects uses system’s shortcomings for doing doubtful actions. But prerequisites of that are not investigated. The research objective. The article aims to reveal main institutional features and shortcomings of the world system of counteraction to ML/FT. The statement of basic materials. Main institutions of world system of counteraction to ML/FT are considered. It is found that it is a network based on multilateral participation in procedures of monitoring of the movement of illegal financial flows. Its main features are heterogeneity in the status, experience, the list of participants of FATF-style bodies, a possibility of influence of participants on the course and results of monitoring. Conclusions. The world system of counteraction to ML/FT assumes balancing of interests of participants so gaps in implementation of real actions by certain country exist. Such institutional format is a prerequisite of insufficient effectiveness of the system because of the lack of the mechanism of coercion and the fact that questions of specific sanctions pass into political plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintana: Revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte USC is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals of some historical reflections on architecture and building and about their opposition. The term of “institutional architecture” is introduced. Environmental, social and economic factors are base of it including rules, lows and traditions, which were passed down for centuries. The foundations of architectural creation was defined both as utility and functional necessity. It should be find abilities to define new ways of architectural research based on them, in harmony between nature and people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article justifies a necessity to study a common innovation system of EU. It considers theoretical and methodological foundations of formation of international innovation systems and justifies expediency of development of this concept. It identifies models of formation of international innovation systems on the basis of integrational grouping and international economic organisation. It offers interpretation of the international innovation system as a spatial and integrational formation, which is based on common institutional foundations and markets and has a specific architecture. It marks stages of formation of the EU innovation system, its main elements and uniting mechanisms. It justifies that consolidation of the innovation system of EU is facilitated by instruments of the common innovation policy and creation of information systems and networks. It marks components of the institutional architecture of the EU innovation system, its administration and legal foundations and structural and functional components. It identifies that the EU innovation system covers innovation systems of lower levels of the hierarchy (national, regional and sectoral).В статье обоснована необходимость исследования единой инновационной системы ЕС. Рассмотрены теоретико-методологические основы формирования международных инновационных систем и обоснована целесообразность развития этой концепции. Определены модели формирования международных инновационных систем на базе интеграционной группировки и международной экономической организации. Предложена интерпретация международной инновационной системы как пространственно-интеграционного образования, которое базируется на общих институциональных основах и рынках, имеет специфическую архитектуру. Выделены этапы формирования инновационной системы ЕС, ее основные элементы и объединительные механизмы. Обосновано, что консолидации инновационной системы ЕС способствуют инструменты общей инновационной политики, создание информационных систем и сетей. Выделены составляющие институциональной архитектуры инновационной системы ЕС, ее управленческая и правовая основы, структурные и функциональные компоненты. Определено, что инновационная система ЕС охватывает инновационные системы низших уровней иерархии (национальные, региональные и секторальные).

Local government bodies are increasingly attempting to integrate different functions and departments in the production of policies, plans and programmes. Despite this interest, a general lack of conceptualisation around integration currently exists, presenting difficulties for local government practitioners to pursue such integration. This article reports findings of an ESRC PhD case study into integration in local government, and presents a conceptualisation which seeks to resolve these outstanding issues surrounding integration. These findings are particularly apt given the ongoing changes to local government in England. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Comparing the international position of unrecognized states in the international system, it becomes obvious weak position (lowest) to Transnistria. Not recognized by any UN member state and by any international organization recognized / accredited to the UN, Transnistria does not benefit from the advantages which other subjects of "frozen conflicts" in the Black Sea (South Ossetia and Nagorno-Karabakh) have: recognition of five states member UN -- the same for South Ossetia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Hence the enormous difficulty of building principles and institutional foreign policy - which is the attribute of national sovereignty derives from the quality of the subject (person) of international law. In these conditions, depriving embassies and consulates, unable to perform the task of preparing to negotiate international treaties, the Foreign Ministry in Tiraspol is unable to answer key foreign policy objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Europe, concerns about obesity have been stimulated by trends in several member states, raising challenges for multi-level governance. This paper gives a picture of obesity in Europe, pointing to variations between and within countries. It discusses the various explanations of generalized weight gain, and the policy levers that might tackle it, the paper also maps current policy responses. Policy considerations raised include financial burdens, health-care management, social inequalities, cultural issues, welfare support, and farm and food industry drivers. The paper proposes that obesity is unlikely to be reduced unless it receives both multi-level and multi- field analysis and intervention. In this context, action in Europe is hampered by a fragmented institutional architecture at all levels of governance. It also raises serious questions about the unequal relations between the state, the market and civil society within Europe. The paper concludes with a suggestion that obesity warrants improved European linkages across discrete areas of policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does this article offers? It raises questions on the assumptions of efficiency in agriculture, traces the history of the logic of scale replacing logic of scope, analyses its impact on sustainability and offers a framework to discern technical contradictions of efficiency across different sectors and find a balance for sustainability. It delves with a few basic questions: First, what is the assumption for efficiency in agriculture and food production? Second, how efficiency criterion of dominant players in one leading sector decimates the efficiency wisdom of another sector?Tracing the evolution of theory and practice of ‘economies of scale’ during the last three centuries of industrial revolution, the article shows the irony of adopting economies of scale time and again only to face greater economic recession, market failures, climate changes, food crisis and growing un-sustainability of our ecosystem. Through empirical evidences from small family farmers and farmer producer organizations from across India and based on the findings of eight years of action research on designing sustainable producer organization, the article highlights that ‘economies of scope’ in agriculture is not only more efficient for nutritious food production and climate resilience but also for sustainability of agricultural ecosystems and of overall socio-economic-environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Livelihood of Man, posthumous work of Karl Polanyi, is now available in French. In a historical perspective this book, primarily theoretical, leans on the role of the economy in society. It discusses the theoretical foundations of neoclassical, or classical schools in some respects, and offers: firstly a battery concepts to explain the embedding or disembedding of the economy; secondly different models to explain institutional differences between old economies and economies where the market system plays a crucial role. Polanyi’s critics of the neoclassical school ask original questions whose acuity does not always find itself in its propositions. The polanyien theoretical model does not really include unthought of the neoclassical theory, even though if all empirical evidence, to integrate the unthought to the model, can be found in The Livelihood of Man.

Asian and Southeast Asian countries have recorded deep socioeconomic transformations since World War 2. These main transformations are: introduction of capitalist regimes; high growth rates, urbanisation and demographic weight. These transformation are meaningfull for the economic theory, and Régulation Theory. First, it confirms the “diversity of capitalisms” hypothesis. Second, it highlights the fact that pluridisciplinarity is more than ever required in order to grasp the more recent trends: geography, as Régulation theory did for long with history, could be fruitfully frequented to understand better transnational features beyond the scope of traditionnal macroeconomics.

Two lessons are clear from the transformation of Asian capitalism. First, a wide variety of national strategies to cope with price competitiveness increasingly acute. Second, the importance of the workers. Labor is the “energy” of capitalism and to maintain a strong price competitiveness, the wage-labor of the different countries is re-combine. The non-status of migrant workers in China offers to contractors a cheap labor and strengthen Chinese industry. The innovation systems also contribute to the “conquest” of the market and a comparative study (China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan) shows the specificity of national innovation models and the importance of inventors. Redefining the accumulation regime in Japan places the wage-labor to the center of the devices and industrial employment is shifting towards services.