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Background: The article presents an analysis of the formulation and implementation of a social innovation: integrated home care (IHC) in post-soviet Lithuania. From 1998 a series of top-down orders to implement IHC were issued, however, home nursing did not start. In 2011 the Ministry of Social Security and Labour began a process to develop integrated home care using new, collaborative processes. The result was 21 pilot projects with well-conceptualized IHC services. Method: Using data from focus groups, interviews, and recorded observations, the research team systematically documented the innovation process, including themes and deviations, employing Smale’s Innovation Trinity framework to organize the larger picture. Results: In the Lithuanian post-totalitarian context, top-down communication was found to be prevalent. Not only IHC, but also openness to change and dialogue at high levels were innovations. Patient-centered practice at local levels could only occur when a new attitude of mind was reached through dialogue with officials at higher levels and between peers. Conclusions: The enactment, rather than the mask of dialogue, participatory program development were critical in the success of IHC innovation. This is difficult to achieve in the light of antiquated public bureaucracies, but in this case, the Ministry team, rather than avoiding the expectation of top-down communication, made it into an asset through promotion of collaboration.

Jėgos ir galios diferenciacija nagrinėta ne vieno autoriaus. Anot H. Arendt, jėga pasireiškia savęs eksponavimu ir save palaiko nuolat rodydamasi ir sukeldama baimę. Galia, atvirkščiai, slepiasi. Galia – išmintingųjų pastangos, leidžiančios neeikvoti energijos kovai, kontrolei ir griovimui, o telkiančios visuomenės narius bendradarbiauti, dalytis savo pasiekimais ir skirti energiją kūrybai ir gyvenimui tobulinti. Straipsnyje pateikiama jėgos ir galios skirtumo raiška per kokybinio tyrimo apie socialinio darbuotojo vaidmenį bendruomenėje analizę. Išlikimo visuomenėje susiformavę socialiniai darbuotojai ir klientai sunkiai skiria jėgą nuo galios. Galios prigimtis socialinė, neatsiejama nuo pasitikėjimo santykio formavimo. Socialinis darbas, grindžiamas jėga, bet ne galia ir įgalinimu, neatitinka savo esmės.

Introduction: While personality traits and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) can affect an individual’s behavior and well-being, the links between these constructs are under-researched, especially in non-clinical samples. Aims: Two studies were conducted to address these links, intending to explore their specifics, as previous research evidenced various associations’ models. Methods: In Study 1, the sample consisted of 120 respondents (65.0% females) living in the UK and the USA. In Study 2, the sample consisted of 244 respondents (68.0% females) living in Lithuania. In both studies, most of the respondents were aged 18-25. The survey was administered online. Studies 1 and 2 applied the Big Five Inventory and Young Schema Questionnaire. Results: In Study 1, neuroticism was significantly positively associated with 17 EMSs. Extraversion stood significantly negatively related to 12 EMSs, conscientiousness was significantly negatively related to 15 EMSs, openmindedness stood significantly negatively related to 2 EMSs, but significantly positively related to admiration, and agreeableness appeared significantly negatively related to 9 EMSs. In Study 2, neuroticism was significantly positively associated with 16 EMSs. Extraversion stood significantly negatively related to 9 EMSs, conscientiousness was significantly negatively related to 12 EMSs, open-mindedness and agreeableness were significantly negatively related to 10 EMSs. Conclusions: Study 2 partly failed to replicate the results of Study 1, which implies that the model of links between EMSs and personality traits could be impacted by cultural factors, and needs further investigation.

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Straipsnyje aprašoma JAV antropologo Oscaro Lewiso “skurdo subkultūros” samprata, autoriaus pasiūlyta XX a. šeštojo dešimtmečio pabaigoje. Čia pateikiama ir šios sampratos kritika. Taip pat apžvelgiami “skurdo kultūrą” mėginę matuoti tyrimai. Skurde gyvenančių žmonių elgesį traktuojant kaip prisitaikymą gyventi ilgalaikio skurdo sąlygomis, skurdo ir skurdo poveikio tyrimuose siūloma pasitelkti atitinkamus metodus. Marksistinių pažiūrų Lewisas “skurdo kultūrą” nusakė kaip neturtingiausių sluoksnių prisitaikymą gyventi kapitalizmo sąlygomis, kai susiformuoja būdingi “skurdo kultūros” bruožai ir gyvenimo stilius. Visa tai yra perduodama iš kartos į kartą. Tam tikru laikotarpiu “skurdo kultūros” termino, sukėlusio karštas diskusijas dėl pačios kultūros sampratos, atsisakė dauguma mokslininkų dėl abstraktumo, numanomo skurstančiųjų kaltinimo bei nepakankamo teorinio pagrindimo. Tačiau terminas paplito, jį perėmė politikai ir plačioji visuomenė. Dauguma straipsnyje nagrinėjamų tyrimų “skurdo kultūrą” matavo tik kaip nuostatas bei vertybes ir taip prasilenkė su materialistiniu Lewis'o “skurdo kultūros” traktavimu. Tyrėjų išvados dviprasmės, tiek dėl “skurdo kultūros” apibrėžimo miglotumo, tiek dėl naudojamų tyrimo metodų. Aiškesnis prisitaikymo gyventi skurde nagrinėjimo būdas, ypač kalbant apie skurdą kaip konsensą, galėtų būti “idealistinis” kultūros kaip konsenso modelis, nes jis atskiria žmonių mąstymą nuo bruožų, elgesio ar gyvenimo būdo. Tačiau besidomintiems skurdo klausimu tektų šį metodą derinti su kitais, išgaunančiais “materialesnius” kintamuosius dydžius (jei būtų norima plačiau suprasti ir paaiškinti skurdo įtaką).

Previous studies reported that acquiring computer programming skills is challenging and might result in high dropout rates. A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the role of different factors in dropping out of an e-based computer programming course. This study applied a knowledge in programming assessment test (20 multiple-choice questions covering the following topics: variables, loops, conditionals, functions, and general knowledge of Python), The Learning Motivating Factors Questionnaire, The Big Five-2, and The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction & Frustration Scale. Ninety-four participants (38 males and 56 females) completed the course, while 305 participants started it. The mean age of e-learners was 29.96 years (SD 8.27), age range = 18 to 54. The results showed that e-learners who completed the course had higher initial knowledge assessment scores than those who dropped out after the first assessment. Reward and recognition as a motivator were significantly higher in males who completed the course than those who dropped out after the second knowledge assessment. Extraversion was significantly lower in females who completed the course than those who dropped after the first or second knowledge assessment test. Relatedness frustration was significantly higher in those who dropped out after the first knowledge assessment. Due to significant limitations of the sample size, cultural context, measures applied, and research design, the findings would preferably be regarded with caution.

In recent years, many governments around the world have placed a stronger emphasis on people’s wellbeing with the aim of making societies more inclusive and cohesive. As part of this approach, the public sector has introduced a number of initiatives to measure and support students’ psychological flourishing. Previous research reported that students’ flourishing could be linked to certain positive/negative cognitions, but the specifics of these links were under-researched. This study aimed to reveal links between students’ automatic thoughts and flourishing in a sample of public sector university students (n = 226), where 75.7% of participants (n = 171) were 18 to 24 years old and 24.3% (n = 55) were aged 25+. The participants represented four fields of study: Life Sciences (n = 35), Humanities (n = 71), Social Sciences (n = 85), and Technology Sciences (n = 31). The Flourishing Scale (FS) was used to assess students’ flourishing, and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised (ATQ-R) was applied to measure participants’ positive and negative automatic thoughts. The findings revealed that students’ negative self-concepts and negative expectations negatively predicted flourishing, while positive automatic thoughts and positive self-statements positively predicted flourishing. The findings also revealed that positive automatic thoughts and self-statements mediate the link between negative self-concept, negative expectations, and flourishing. Moreover, the results show that strengthening students’ positive cognitions can contribute to students’ increased flourishing, despite coexisting negative cognitions. Based on these findings, fostering a positive and supportive educational environment that promotes mental wellbeing is recommended. This can be achieved by implementing policies prioritizing students’ mental health and providing resources such as counseling services and support systems. Creating an environment where students feel valued, supported, and encouraged can help counteract their negative cognitions, leading to improved flourishing.