2,351 results on '"Independent samples"'
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2. Applying Statistical Methods to Compare Frontiers: Are Organic Dairy Farms Better Than the Conventional?
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Asmild, Mette, Kronborg, Dorte, Rsønn-Nielsen, Anders, Parmeter, Christopher F., editor, and Sickles, Robin C., editor
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- 2021
- Full Text
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3. Student’s t-Test for Independent Samples
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MacFarland, Thomas W., Yates, Jan M., MacFarland, Thomas W., and Yates, Jan M.
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- 2021
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4. Student’s t-Test for Matched Pairs
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MacFarland, Thomas W., Yates, Jan M., MacFarland, Thomas W., and Yates, Jan M.
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- 2021
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5. Comparing Means and Proportions in Two Samples to Test Hypotheses About Population Parameters
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Weisburd, David, Britt, Chester, Wilson, David B., Wooditch, Alese, Weisburd, David, Britt, Chester, Wilson, David B., and Wooditch, Alese
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- 2020
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6. Estimating the location parameter under skew normal settings: is violating the independence assumption good or bad?
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Wang, Cong, Wang, Tonghui, Trafimow, David, and Talordphop, Khanittha
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GAUSSIAN distribution , *SAMPLE size (Statistics) , *INDEPENDENCE (Mathematics) , *SKEWNESS (Probability theory) - Abstract
Researchers typically assume that they are working from a normal distribution and with independent sampling. Both assumptions are often violated. Our goal was to explore the intersection of the violations: Is the net effect good or bad? Using the family of skew-normal distributions, which is a superset of the family of normal distributions, we tested whether the mean squared error (MSE) is less under dependence or under independence. We found that the MSE is less under dependence, under the assumption that elements in both samples are identically distributed related to the population distribution. In addition, increasing skewness and increasing sample size also decrease the MSE. Finally, the largest differences in MSE between dependence and independence occur under moderate skewness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. Characteristics of the convergent angles of tapered implants based on a premolar root model
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Chih-Chun Mei, Heng-Liang Liu, Alex Hong, Hsiang-Hsi Hong, and Chung‒Chieh Chang
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Dental Implants ,Orthodontics ,Root surface area ,X-Ray Microtomography ,030206 dentistry ,Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ,3d anatomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cementoenamel junction ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,stomatognathic system ,Root length ,Independent samples ,Premolar ,medicine ,Humans ,Bicuspid ,Natural tooth ,Tooth Root ,Oral Surgery ,Student's t-test ,Mathematics - Abstract
Developing tapered implants with the most appropriate angular characteristics requires an improved analysis of the anatomy of premolar roots.The purpose of this observational study was to analyze the 3D anatomy of premolar roots by determining the tapered slope and convergent angle (TS/CA), to transform the TS/CA patterns into those in which the tapered implants mimic natural tooth roots, and to provide TS/CA references for future investigations.A total of 73 human single-rooted premolars were surveyed and analyzed by microcomputed tomography and an associated software program. The 3D root surface area (RSA), the radius/diameter (R/D) at the planned first to tenth millimeter levels apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and the TS/CA at corresponding levels were calculated. The results were statistically analyzed by using an independent samples t test to assess the general differences of tested parameters between maxillary and mandibular premolars. A paired t test was used to examine the significant intragroup TS/CA differences between sequential coronoapical levels. One-way ANOVA was applied to study the general significance of developmental patterns in maxillary and/or mandibular groups. Two-way ANOVA was used to inspect the TS/CA significance at various measurements coronoapically between the maxillary and mandibular premolars (α=.05).Generally, the RSA, root length, R/D, and TS/CA parameters examined for the maxillary premolar roots differed significantly from those for the mandibular roots at the evaluated levels (P.05). According to the measurements, the maxillary premolar roots generally exhibited nonsignificant RSA and R/D reduction patterns, with a decreasing angle of TS=13.44 degrees and CA=24.53 degrees coronoapically. However, mandibular premolar roots exhibited a significant reduction pattern, with TS=11.25 degrees and CA=21.06 degrees coronoapically according to both individual and general evaluations.Based on the developmental patterns of the evaluated TSs/CAs, tapered implants imitating premolar root anatomy should have a conical rather than a cylindrical shape, and the R/D of these models should be reduced to half at the apical third. However, further studies are warranted to identify more TS/CA characteristics related to the tapered implants, including the TSs/CAs of other tooth types.
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- 2022
8. Making the A Priori Procedure Work for Differences Between Means.
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Trafimow, David, Wang, Cong, and Wang, Tonghui
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REPLICATION (Experimental design) , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DECISION making in clinical medicine , *STATISTICAL power analysis , *ACCURACY , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INFERENTIAL statistics - Abstract
Previous researchers have proposed the a priori procedure, whereby the researcher specifies, prior to data collection, how closely she wishes the sample means to approach corresponding population means, and the degree of confidence of meeting the specification. However, an important limitation of previous research is that researchers sometimes are interested in differences between means, rather than in the means themselves. To address this limitation, we propose additional equations that expand the a priori procedure to handle differences between means, both in matched and in independent samples. Finally, implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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9. Efficacy and safety of probiotics in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: Randomized controlled trial
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Behnaz Darban, Rakhshaneh Goodarzi, Nooshin Khayam hengami, Seyed Hossein Saadat, hoda haghshenas, and Masoud Arshadzadeh
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Gestational age ,Jaundice ,medicine.disease ,Pediatrics ,law.invention ,Probiotic ,Primary outcome ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Independent samples ,Necrotizing enterocolitis ,Hospital discharge ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Introduction There have been many studies evaluating the role of probiotics in the management of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), yet few studies related to the role of probiotics in the management of neonatal jaundice. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of utilizing probiotics in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods This study was a single blinded randomized clinical trial conducted on 2–28 day old term and near-term infants (35–42 weeks gestational age) that were hospitalized with neonatal jaundice in Bandar Abbas, Iran in 2016. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the duration of hospitalization in neonates with neonatal jaundice. Secondary outcomes were to determine the percentage of infants who needed phototherapy on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th days of admission. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistics and Chi-square and independent samples t-test. Results One hundred and twenty-six (126) breastfed infants were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to one of two groups. The non-probiotic group included 61 (48.4%) patients and the probiotic group included 65 (51.6%) patients. Duration of hospitalization was 3.10 ± 0.569 days in the non-probiotic group versus 3 ± 0.901 in the probiotic group (p = 0.469). The percentage of patients discharged in the probiotic group was significantly higher in comparison to the non-probiotic group on the 3rd day of admission (p = 0.008) and Discharged early. The percentage of patients discharged were similar between the two groups on the 2nd, 4th, and 5th days of admission (p > 0.05). Conclusion Probiotics are not effective in lowering the duration of phototherapy in infants with hyperbilirubinemia. Although probiotics can increase the rate of discharge on the 3rd day of admission in infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, the rate of hospital discharge was not different in the probiotic and non-probiotic groups on the 2nd, 4 th, and 5 th days of admission. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03266913.
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- 2022
10. Independent Samples t Test
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Fred Pyrczak and Deborah M. Oh
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Chromatography ,Independent samples ,Mathematics ,Test (assessment) - Published
- 2023
11. How to compare the means of two samples that include paired observations and independent observations: A companion to Derrick, Russ, Toher and White (2017)
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Derrick, Ben, Toher, Deirdre, and White, Paul
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Partially overlapping samples ,incomplete observations ,Welch\IeC {\textquoteright }s test ,independent samples ,paired samples ,equality of means ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Standard approaches for comparing the means of two samples, comprising both paired observations and independent observations, involve the discarding of valuable information. An alternative test which uses all of the available data, is the partially overlapping samples t-test. Two variations of the test are available, one assuming equal variances, and one assuming separate variances. Issues with standard procedures, and considerations for choosing appropriate tests in the partially overlapping scenario are discussed. An example with details of how to apply the partially overlapping samples t-test is given along with an R package that implement these new tests.
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- 2017
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12. A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of EMDR and TF-CBT in Reducing Trauma Symptoms and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Adolescents
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Lotte ten Thije, Larissa M. Hoogsteder, Geert Jan J. M. Stams, Eveline E. Schippers, APH - Mental Health, and Psychiatry
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Adolescent ,Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing ,Behavioral therapy ,Treatment as usual ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Independent samples ,Medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Applied Psychology ,Problem Behavior ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,business.industry ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Trauma treatment ,Individual risk factors ,Meta-analysis ,Trauma symptoms ,0509 other social sciences ,business ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This multi-level meta-analysis tested if evidence-based trauma treatment was effective in reducing trauma symptoms and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents. Based on eight independent samples and 75 effect sizes, results indicated that Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) had a large and significant overall effect ( d = 0.909) on reducing trauma symptoms and externalizing behavior problems. Trauma treatment significantly decreased trauma symptoms (large effect) and externalizing behavior problems (medium effect). Age and type of control group moderated treatment effects. Treatment was more effective in older adolescents. Trauma treatment for adolescents with externalizing behavior problems had a larger effect compared to no treatment, but not compared to treatment as usual. It seems important to provide a broad treatment offer for adolescents with severe externalizing behavior problems, in which, besides trauma treatment, attention is paid to reducing relevant individual risk factors for behavior problems.
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- 2022
13. Examining the adaptation of modified endocrowns prepared with CAD-CAM in maxillary and mandibular molars: A microcomputed tomography study
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Ali Keleş and Can Topkara
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Molar ,Orthodontics ,Crowns ,business.industry ,X-Ray Microtomography ,030206 dentistry ,Microcomputed tomography ,Dental Porcelain ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dental Prosthesis Design ,stomatognathic system ,Statistical analyses ,Materials Testing ,Independent samples ,Computer-Aided Design ,Medicine ,Oral Surgery ,business - Abstract
Endocrowns have been reported to be successful restorations for endodontically treated molars. However, comparisons between maxillary and mandibular molars, with different pulp chamber configurations are lacking. Information on the influence of venting on the adaptation of endocrowns is also lacking.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the adaptation of endocrowns in maxillary and mandibular molars by means of microcomputed tomography (μCT).Mandibular and maxillary first molars were divided into 4 groups (n=10): ManE: mandibular endocrown; ModManE: modified mandibular endocrown; MaxE: maxillary endocrown; and ModMaxE: modified maxillary endocrown. Endocrowns were produced by using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM). Modification was carried out on the part of the endocrown that extended into the pulp chamber by preparing vents. The specimens were cemented and scanned by using μCT, the images reconstructed, and the internal and marginal adaptation examined. Statistical analyses were performed by using a 3-way ANOVA, 2-way ANOVA, and the independent samples t test (α=.05).ManE displayed better mean ±standard deviation internal adaptation (182 ±59 μm) than MaxE (215 ±55 μm) (P.01). Regardless of the groups, the pulpal floor was the area with the poorest fit (P.001). The marginal gap of mandibular molars (91 ±20 μm) was lower than that of maxillary molars (110 ±26 μm) (P.05). The effect of modifying endocrowns on the marginal gap was not found to be statistically significant (P.05).Internal and marginal adaptation of endocrowns differ between maxillary and mandibular molars.
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- 2022
14. The Independent-Samples t Test
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Ronald D. Yockey
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Chromatography ,Independent samples ,Mathematics ,Test (assessment) - Published
- 2023
15. Student’s t-Test for Matched Pairs
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MacFarland, Thomas W. and MacFarland, Thomas W.
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- 2014
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16. Student’s t-Test for Independent Samples
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MacFarland, Thomas W. and MacFarland, Thomas W.
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- 2014
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17. Physical fitness characteristics and performance in single-handed dinghy and 470 classes sailors
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Yixiao Xu, Bingshu Zhong, Wei Guo, and Dandan Pan
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business.industry ,Performance ,Physical fitness ,Significant difference ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Crew ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Regression analysis ,Lower body ,Single-handed dinghy ,Bayesian multivariate linear regression ,GV557-1198.995 ,Statistics ,Independent samples ,Original Article ,470 sailors ,Psychology ,business ,Sports ,Sailing - Abstract
Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the physical fitness characteristics of Chinese single-handed dinghy and 470 sailors, predict the single-handed dinghy sailors’ physical factors on the performance by equation to guide the training. Methods: The sample of this study consisted of one hundred and sixty-seven Chinese sailors who participated in the 2020 China National Sailing Championships, K Independent Samples Test was used to analyze the differences of different classes sailors, and the performance of Laser and Laser Radial sailors were analyzed by step multivariate linear regression. Results: The results showed that the 470 helmsmen are shorter, lighter and have a lower BMI, 470 crew are similar in height to the single-handed dinghy sailors, but lower in weight and BMI. Laser sailors have better strength and flexibility than the ones of male 470. There is no significant difference in the physical fitness characteristics between the Laser Radial sailors and the female 470 crew, they both had better upper and lower body strength than female 470 helmsmen. The regression equation is possible to explain 65.5% of the performance of the sailors in Laser = 90.963-1.33 × sailing experience-0.461 × bench press-0.018 × cycling peak power out; The regression equation is possible to explain 76.7% of the performance of the sailors in Laser Radial = 27.433-0.391 × sailing experience+0.351 × vertical jump-0.329 × pull-up-0.027 × cycling peak power out. Conclusions: Performance in laser and Laser Radial sailors will be determined by the technique and tactics (sailing experience) as well as physical fitness.
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- 2022
18. ISO 9001 standard in the development of customer satisfaction in the public sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Kakeš Dino and Fazlović Senad
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cluster sampling ,independent samples ,levene’s test ,iso 9001 ,public sector ,user satisfaction ,Statistics ,HA1-4737 - Abstract
The concept of quality management in the public sector is nowadays more popular than ever before. Since it forms in the fields of public interest, public companies, institutions and organizations are crucially important for the development and the functioning of any social and modern society. Therefore, those organisations are expected to perform transparent, efficient, democratic and socially righteous work with the goal of maintaining and improving the quality of a nation’s economic life. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the public sector is specific and additionally complicated by a complex political system, legal procedures and the constitutional structure and as such, it is often very ineffective. The main purpose of the implementation of ISO 9001 is to introduce a system of quality management and improve the quality of public services as well as to ensure customer satisfaction. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to present the concept of customer satisfaction and selected statistical methods in quality management, and to apply a part of these methods through secondary research and analysis of published reports about customer satisfaction with services of the public sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results of the study have confirmed greater user satisfaction with service in the public sector in units of local self-government with an implemented ISO 9001 standard implemented ISO 9001 standard than in units in which the standard has not been implemented.
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- 2016
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19. An Investigation of Parents’ Use of Digital Media
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Mustafa Küçükali, Işıl Kabakçı Yurdakul, Ahmet Çubukçu, and Fatih Yaman
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Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Independent samples ,Internet privacy ,The Internet ,Context (language use) ,Survey research ,Worry ,business ,Psychology ,Digital media ,media_common - Abstract
As the use of digital tools and the Internet becomes widespread and easier, the age of use is also decreasing. The decrease in the age of use makes opportunities as well as risks an important factor in digital environments. Children who are not aware of the risks in these environments may be exposed to various risks, especially as the age of Internet usage decreases. Parents are primarily responsible for protecting their children from risks in these environments. Parents can protect their children if they use digital media consciously and safely. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the parent’s conscious and safe use of the Internet across Turkey. In accordance with this purpose, the study was designed as a survey study and the data of the study were collected from 9581 parents from 26 provinces with the Conscious and Safe Use of the Internet questionnaire developed by the researchers in the study. Descriptive statistics (%, f, X ̅, SS), t-test for independent samples, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was determined that the parents’ use of the Internet on weekdays and weekends was similar, but this situation differed in children. It has also been determined that the leading situations that worry parents in digital environments are the harmful and illegal content and excessive time spent in these harmful and illegal environments.
- Published
- 2021
20. Musculoskeletal Pain and Musical Performance in First and Second Violinists of Professional Youth Chamber Orchestras: A Comparative Study
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Arthur de Sá Ferreira, Leandro Ac Nogueira, Frederico Barreto Kochem, Renato Santos de Almeida, and Ari C Vilela
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Male ,Musculoskeletal pain ,Right shoulder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Musical ,Violin ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Musculoskeletal Pain ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Daily practice ,Independent samples ,Humans ,Medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Mean age ,General Medicine ,Occupational Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,Music - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: First and second violinists in orchestras use identical instruments, but the motor patterns used to execute the different notes may vary between the two groups and the biomechanical gestures may influence musculoskeletal complaints. The primary objective of this study was to compare the pain intensity and interference in musical performance of first and second violinists of professional youth chamber orchestras. Second, to investigate the correlation between pain and the musical practice profile in this population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 74 violinists, aged 12 to 17 years, from three professional youth chamber orchestras in Brazil. Participants completed a validated self-administered questionnaire, the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians–Brazilian version (MPIIQM-Br). Variables related to musical practice profiles were also recorded. Data analysis applied t-tests for independent samples and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The sample of first violinists (n=39) presented 23 males and 16 females, and the second violinists (n=35) included 23 females and 12 males. The mean age was 13.9 yrs (SD 1.1) and 14.1 yrs (1.0) for the first and second violinist groups, respectively. Most participants (n=66, 89%) reported pain in at least one moment of their career, and 54 (76%) reported pain at the time of data collection. A higher pain prevalence was identified in the right shoulder (37.7%), in 28.2% of the second violinists and 9.4% of the first. The second violinists presented higher scores for most variables related to pain intensity and pain interference in performance (p < 0.05). A correlation was observed between time working at a professional level and the number of affected areas on the body pain map (r=0.30; 95% CI 0.23–0.42) and between the hours of daily practice and the number of affected areas on the body pain map (r=0.39; 95% CI 0.29–0.45). CONCLUSION: Second violinists had more complaints of pain and difficulty in playing their instrument compared to the first violinists. The study also found a correlation between the number of body areas with pain complaints and variables linked to the violinists’ practice profile.
- Published
- 2021
21. Are you laughing with me or at me? Psychopathic traits and the ability to distinguish between affiliation and dominance laughter cues
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Rebecca Waller, Chloe Katz, Rista C. Plate, Natalie Corbett, Grace Daley, Edie Graber, Sylvia Zhao, Katherine All, and Craig S. Neumann
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Social communication ,Laughter ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychopathy ,Empathy ,Social bonding ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,medicine.disease ,Developmental psychology ,Dominance (ethology) ,Social Dominance ,Independent samples ,medicine ,Humans ,Cues ,Psychology ,Potential mechanism ,media_common - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laughter conveys important information that supports social communication and bonding. Research suggests that unique acoustic properties distinguish laughter that promotes affiliation from laughter that conveys dominance, but little is known about potential individual differences in laughter interpretation or contagion based on these specified social functions of laughter. Psychopathy is associated with both affiliative deficits (e.g., lack of empathy and impaired social bonding) and behaviors that assert social dominance (e.g., manipulativeness). Thus, relationships between psychopathic traits and impaired laughter interpretation or contagion could give insight into etiological pathways to psychopathy. METHOD In two studies conducted with four independent samples (total N = 770), participants categorized laughter clips that varied in the degree of affiliation or dominance conveyed. RESULTS Participants overall drew rich and accurate social inferences from dominant and affiliative laughter and modulated their interest in joining in with laughter based on the type and degree of affiliation and dominance conveyed. However, individuals higher in psychopathic traits failed to distinguish between laughter types and did not modulate their level of engagement based on laughter features. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a potential mechanism that underlies the broader social difficulties associated with psychopathic traits.
- Published
- 2021
22. THE EFFECT OF AUDIOLINGUAL-BASED VERSUS COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING-ORIENTED TECHNIQUES ON INTERMEDIATE EFL LEARNERS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
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Sepideh Polrodi and Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani
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Paired samples ,Listening comprehension ,Independent samples ,Mathematics education ,Active listening ,Communicative language teaching ,Psychology ,Intermediate level ,Test (assessment) - Abstract
This study was an investigation to find out the effect of audiolingual (ALM)-based versus communicative language teaching (CLT)-oriented techniques on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension ability. To do this, sixty EFL learners in intermediate level from Shokouh Institute in Lahijan, Iran were selected randomly and assigned to two groups; namely the experimental group and control group; 30 participants in each group were selected based on their performance using the oxford placement test (OPT). A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. A listening audio text extracted from the book “Four Corners” was administered as pre-test and post-test. The researchers taught the students of both groups for 10 sessions. The CLT techniques were used as treatment in the experimental group while the control group received no treatment and just used ALM techniques. After 10 sessions, the listening passages extracted from the book “Four Corners” were administered as post-test in order to compare the results of the scores of two groups and decide about the effectiveness of the treatment. Finally, the data were analyzed via running an Independent Samples T-test and a series of Paired Samples T-tests. The results showed that Iranian EFL learners’ listening comprehension skill has been significantly improved as a result of using CLT techniques at the significance level of .05. It was concluded that the use of CLT techniques was highly effective in Iranian learners’ listening comprehension improvement.
- Published
- 2021
23. Could Irisin Levels be Affected by Physical Activity in Patients with Schizophrenia?
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Gamze Erzin, Olga Güriz, Sibel Örsel, Akfer Karaoğlan Kahiloğulları, and Ali Yalcindag
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physical activity ,Low activity ,Adipokine ,medicine.disease ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Endocrinology ,Adipokines ,Schizophrenia ,Internal medicine ,Independent samples ,Healthy control ,Medicine ,Population study ,Pharmacology (medical) ,In patient ,Original Article ,business ,Exercise ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of physical activity and metabolic parameters on irisin levels in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods Ninety-six patients with schizophrenia and 63 healthy controls comprised the study population. The participants were separated into three groups: inactive, low activity, and sufficiently active according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). We measured irisin levels using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. We also calculated exercise levels by using the IPAQ-SF for each individual. The independent samples ttest was used in the data analysis to compare irisin levels according to the activity levels of the patients with schizophrenia and controls. Results The levels of irisin were higher in the healthy controls (p < 0.001) compared to schizophrenia groups. When the activity levels of the schizophrenia and healthy control groups were compared, the irisin levels of the low activity and sufficiently active groups with schizophrenia were found to be lower than those of the low activity and sufficiently active groups in the healthy controls (respectively p = 0.014; p < 0.001). Conclusion Irisin levels could be affected by physical activity and these results must be supported with new studies.
- Published
- 2021
24. Effect of PMR and AGR to Improve Mood States in Beginner Athletes
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Eko Purnomo, Nina Jermaina, Afrizal S, Rizki Burstiando, Eddy Marheni, Vega Soniawan, and Faradifta Tirta Ardita
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musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Relaxation (psychology) ,biology ,business.industry ,Athletes ,medicine.medical_treatment ,education ,Control group design ,biology.organism_classification ,Mood ,Independent samples ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,business ,Progressive muscle relaxation - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) program and also Autogenic Relaxation (AGR) on improving mood in high jump beginners. The design in this study is a pretest-posttest control group design, which is a design that has a pretest before being given treatment. The participants used were high jump beginner athletes with an average age of 17-20 years. The total participants were 38 people. Then they are randomized and divided into 2 groups (PMR and AGR). A total of 20 samples were in the PMR group and 18 samples were in the AGR group. The results of the study are based on the calculation of independent samples test. It is known that the value of Sig (2-tailed) is 0.000 0.05. So, it can be concluded that the variance of the N-Gain data (%) for the PMR and AGR groups is the same (no difference). It was further explained that the value of the independent samples test of significance (Sig) (2-tailed) was 0.000 or
- Published
- 2021
25. Default and control network connectivity dynamics track the stream of affect at multiple timescales
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Andrea Leo, Giada Lettieri, Valentina Bruno, Francesca Setti, Pietro Pietrini, Emiliano Ricciardi, Luca Cecchetti, Giacomo Handjaras, Matteo Diano, and Elisa Morgana Cappello
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Computer science ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Motion Pictures ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,ENCODE ,Affect (psychology) ,050105 experimental psychology ,Synchronization ,default mode network ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Independent samples ,control network ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,affect ,fMRI ,naturalistic stimulation ,Everyday life ,Control (linguistics) ,Prefrontal cortex ,Default mode network ,030304 developmental biology ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,0303 health sciences ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Dynamics (music) ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
In everyday life, the stream of affect results from the interaction between past experiences, expectations and the unfolding of events. How the brain represents the relationship between time and affect has been hardly explored, as it requires modeling the complexity of everyday life in the laboratory setting. Movies condense into hours a multitude of emotional responses, synchronized across subjects and characterized by temporal dynamics alike real-world experiences. Here, we use time-varying intersubject brain synchronization and real-time behavioral reports to test whether connectivity dynamics track changes in affect during movie watching. The results show that polarity and intensity of experiences relate to the connectivity of the default mode and control networks and converge in the right temporoparietal cortex. We validate these results in two experiments including four independent samples, two movies and alternative analysis workflows. Finally, we reveal chronotopic connectivity maps within the temporoparietal and prefrontal cortex, where adjacent areas preferentially encode affect at specific timescales.
- Published
- 2021
26. A Research on the Relationship between Parental Attitudes, Students’ Academic Motivation and Personal Responsibility
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Sumer Aktan and Zeynep Yilmaz Bodur
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Attitudes students ,Data collection ,Multivariate analysis of variance ,Scale (social sciences) ,education ,Quantitative research ,Independent samples ,Context (language use) ,Moral responsibility ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
This study examines the predictive effect of parental attitudes on high school students’ academic motivation and personal responsibility levels. In this research predictive correlation model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. 368 students attending the 10th grade in 6 different high schools participated in the study. Parental Attitudes Scale, Academic Motivation Scale and Personal Responsibility Scale were used as data collection tools. Independent samples t-test and MANOVA were performed to determine gender effect on parental attitudes, academic motivation and personal responsibility and Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression were performed to determine the relationship between parental attitudes, academic motivation and personal responsibility. According to the results, parental attitudes are a significant predictor of personal responsibility and academic motivation of high school students. Democratic parental attitude predicts personal responsibility levels by 31.2% and academic motivation level by 25.7%. In this context, it can be said that the support of parents with democratic attitude provides a positive contribution to students’ academic success, social and personal competencies.
- Published
- 2021
27. The Effects of Instructional and Administrative Text Messages on Academic Achievement and Student Perception of Learning in a High School Food, Nutrition, and Wellness Classroom
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Sarah Moore and Josh Cuevas
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Analysis of covariance ,Treatment and control groups ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Independent samples ,Significant difference ,Academic achievement ,Psychology ,media_common ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of instructional and administrative text messages on student academic achievement and sense of learning. Ninety-eight Food, Nutrition, and Wellness students in grades 9th through 12th were involved in this study. In this quasi-experimental study, there was an experimental group and a comparison group. Students in the experimental group received instructional and administrative text messages three times a week for a total of nine weeks. A one-way ANCOVA and independent samples t-test were used for data analyses. The study found a statistically significant difference in academic achievement and sense of learning with students in the experimental group scoring higher as compared to students in the control group. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference with females in the treatment group scoring higher than males in the treatment group.
- Published
- 2021
28. Personality Profile of Risk-Takers
- Author
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Elizabeth D. Joseph and Don C. Zhang
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Extraversion and introversion ,Psychometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Risk perception ,Personality profile ,Independent samples ,Personality ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Big Five personality traits ,Psychology ,Risk taking ,Biological Psychiatry ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Abstract. Risk-taking is a long-standing area of inquiry among psychologists and economists. In this paper, we examine the personality profile of risk-takers in two independent samples. Specifically, we examined the association between the Big Five facets and risk-taking propensity across two measures: The Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT) and the General Risk Propensity Scale (GRiPS). At the Big Five domain level, we found that extraversion and agreeableness were the primary predictors of risk-taking. However, facet-level analyses revealed that responsibility, a facet of conscientiousness, explained most of the total variance accounted for by the Big Five in both risk-taking measures. Based on our findings across two samples ( n = 764), we find that the personality profile of a risk-taker is extraverted, open to experiences, disagreeable, emotionally stable, and irresponsible. Implications for the risk measurement are discussed.
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- 2021
29. Parents’ Perceptions Regarding the Effects of COVID-19 on their Children with and without Disabilities
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Yousef Busaad and Mariam Alnaim
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Cronbach's alpha ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pandemic ,Independent samples ,Sample (statistics) ,Psychology ,Education ,Test (assessment) ,Developmental psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This study aimed to explore parents' perceptions regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their children, with and without disabilities, from psychological, academic and social aspects. The study sample comprised 310 parents of children in Saudi Arabia both with and without disabilities. A questionnaire was prepared for the purpose of exploring parents' perspectives toward such impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological, academic and social aspects of their children. Several statistical techniques were applied in order to answer the study questions, such as frequencies, percentages, Cronbach's alpha test, means, standard deviations and independent samples (T) test. The results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has serious psychological effects on children, whether they are with or without disabilities. However, from the social and academic aspects, the impacts of the pandemic were generally moderate. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences at level of (α≥0.05) were found between children with and without disabilities. This study emphasized the importance of raising awareness among families on the management of the problems that arise during times of global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, both consciously and responsibly, by arranging appropriate training courses and workshops for them. © 2021 Eskisehir Osmangazi University. All rights reserved.
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- 2021
30. Firm capabilities and export performance of small firms: A meta-analytical review
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Sumedha Chauhan and Parul Gupta
- Subjects
Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,Collectivism ,Export performance ,Moderation ,Country of origin ,Individualism ,Empirical research ,0502 economics and business ,Independent samples ,050211 marketing ,Business ,050203 business & management ,Industrial organization - Abstract
Despite its importance, there is no clear understanding of the impact of small firms’ capabilities (networking, innovation, and marketing) on their export performance. This article attempts to address this issue with a meta-analysis of 74 recent empirical studies comprising 76 independent samples and covering more than 30 countries. We found that innovation, marketing, and networking capabilities positively influence export performance of small firms. However, the context-dependent nature of these relationships demands a more fine-grained examination. The variations in the ES of these relationships are explained by the role of external business environmental factors prevailing in the country of origin of the firm (developing/developed country and individualism/collectivism culture). We examined the divergent results provided by empirical studies using the moderator analysis. The findings of this article shed light on the role of small firms’ capabilities in enhancing export performance in different contextual settings.
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- 2021
31. Are We There Yet? When to Stop a Markov Chain while Generating Random Graphs
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Ray, Jaideep, Pinar, Ali, Seshadhri, C., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Bonato, Anthony, editor, and Janssen, Jeannette, editor
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Impact of Perceived Discrimination on Mental Health Among Chinese Migrant and Left-Behind Children: A Meta-analysis
- Author
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Yu Hu, Jingwen Hu, and Yi Zhu
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genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Left behind ,Mental health ,Developmental psychology ,Age and gender ,Sample size determination ,Meta-analysis ,Perception ,Independent samples ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Quality of Life Research ,media_common - Abstract
In China, rural–urban migration is one of major influences on the mental health of migrant and left-behind children. Literature suggests that the perception of discrimination is an important factor that influences the mental health of these children. The present research explores (1) whether migrant children and left-behind children are different in the relationship between the perception of discrimination and mental health, and (2) whether the relationship between the perception of discrimination and mental health of these children is moderated by gender and age. Using a meta-analytic technique, the authors included 26 studies (generating 48 independent samples) with a total sample size of 28,883 participants. Results showed that the perception of discrimination of migrant children was negatively correlated with positive indicators of mental health, and it has a stronger effect than left-behind children; the perception of discrimination of migrant children was positively correlated with negative indicators of mental health, and it has a weaker effect than left-behind children. Additionally, gender moderated the relationship between the perception of discrimination and the positive indicators of mental health among left-behind children, while age moderated such relationship among migrant children.
- Published
- 2021
33. PERILAKU ASERTIF DALAM MENOLAK AJAKAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA DITINJAU DARI GENDER
- Author
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Dwi Astuti
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Data collection ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Significant difference ,Population ,Vocational school ,medicine.disease ,Substance abuse ,Independent samples ,medicine ,Assertiveness ,Psychology ,Female students ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This study aims to describe the assertive behavior of male and female students' assertive behavior to reject the invitation to drugs abuse. The population used was the tenth and eleventh graders of Vocational School Student of Bandar Pacitan in the academic year of 2020/2021 with a population of 212 students and samples were taken using saturated sampling techniques. The data collection method used an assertive behavior questionnaire. The validity of the instrument used the product moment formula and its reliability used the Alpha formula. Data analysis used percentage descriptive and quantitative analysis using statistical formula t-test or independent samples t-test. The validity, reliability, and data analysis were assisted by the SPSS 21 for Windows program. The results of the analysis showed that assertive behavior to refuse the invitation to drug abuse by female students was higher with an average of 80.17% compared to male students who obtained an average of 72.68%. The conclusion of this study was that there was a significant difference in the assertive behavior of male and female students to reject the invitation to drugs abuse. Keywords: Assertive behavior; Drugs and Youth.
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- 2021
34. Diferencias biomecánicas en la técnica de arranque en halterofilia entre deportistas elite y novatos
- Author
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Galo Stalin Arévalo Játiva, Edgardo Romero Frómeta, and Darío Xavier Chichanda Bravo
- Subjects
Motor movement ,Gravity center ,biology ,Athletes ,Statistics ,Independent samples ,Elite athletes ,biology.organism_classification ,Psychology - Abstract
Introducción: La caracterización de la técnica deportiva entre atletas de diferentes niveles posibilita perfeccionar a futuro el movimiento motriz especializado, dada la posibilidad de confeccionar metodologías que mejoran el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Objetivo: Caracterizar el movimiento técnico de arranque (snatch) en halterofilia, identificando cuáles son las diferencias existentes entre deportistas de elite y novatas de la Federación Deportiva del Carchi. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva-correlacional, estudiando los Ángulos en cada fase (Posición inicial, Primer halón, Segundo halón, Entrada y Recuperación), el Pico de velocidad máxima estimada en m/s (Primer halón, segundo halón, Entrada y Recuperación) y el Centro de gravedad (Posición inicial, Primer halón, Segundo halón, Entrada y Recuperación), así como la Trayectoria de la barra, en dos muestras independientes del género femenino, categoría 13-18 años (Grupo 1 - Elites: 12 sujetos. Grupo 2 - Novatas: 13 sujetos). Resultados: Se determinaron los valores individuales y las medias de cada variable, no estableciéndose diferencias significativas en todos los datos, excepto en las variables Ángulo del Segundo Halón de la Rodilla (p=0.011) y el Pico de Velocidad Máxima en el Primer Halón (p=0.046). Conclusiones: Se caracteriza biomecánicamente la técnica de snatch en deportistas elites y novatas, recomendando a futuro establecer una investigación mayor de tipo explicativa para analizar metodológicamente las causas y efectos en las diferencias significativas y las pequeñas diferencias detectadas en los rangos promedios obtenidos en la presente investigación.
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- 2021
35. Simultaneous confidence intervals for contrasts of quantiles
- Author
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Lawrence Sethor Segbehoe, Gemechis D. Djira, and Frank Schaarschmidt
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Statistics and Probability ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Kernel density estimation ,Inference ,General Medicine ,Survival Analysis ,Confidence interval ,R package ,Research Design ,Independent samples ,Statistics ,Confidence Intervals ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Normality ,Probability ,Mathematics ,media_common ,Quantile - Abstract
Skewed distributions and inferences concerning quantiles are common in the health and social science researches. And most standard simultaneous inference procedures require the normality assumption. For example, few methods exist for comparing the medians of independent samples or quantiles of several distributions in general. To our knowledge, there is no easy-to-use method for constructing simultaneous confidence intervals for multiple contrasts of quantiles in a one-way layout. In this paper, we develop an asymptotic method for constructing such intervals both for differences and ratios of quantiles and extend the idea to that of right-censored time-to-event data in survival analysis. Small-sample performance of the proposed method and a bootstrap method were assessed in terms of coverage probabilities and average widths of the simultaneous confidence intervals. Good coverage probabilities were observed for most of the distributions considered in our simulations. The proposed methods have been implemented in an R package and are used to analyze two motivating datasets.
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- 2021
36. Masticatory Ability for a Single Implant Mandibular Overdenture Retained by Two Different Attachments: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
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Amr Naguib, Marwa Abdel Aal, Karim Foda, Nouran Abdel Nabi, Nora M. Sheta, and Ahmed Salah
- Subjects
Orthodontics ,Article Subject ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Single implant ,Significant difference ,Edentulous mandible ,RK1-715 ,law.invention ,Masticatory force ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Dentistry ,Independent samples ,medicine ,Mann–Whitney U test ,Dentures ,business ,General Dentistry ,Research Article - Abstract
Objective. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the masticatory ability subjectively between ball and Cendres+Métaux Locator (CM-LOC) attachment for a single implant retained mandibular overdenture throughout a 24-month follow-up period. Materials and Methods. Eighty completely edentulous patients were recruited. All patients received new complete dentures, and masticatory ability was recorded using a questionnaire (baseline record). All patients received a single implant in the midline of the completely edentulous mandible. After 3-month healing period, patients were randomized using sealed envelopes into two groups: ball or CM-LOC attachment. The same masticatory ability questionnaire was used to record masticatory ability for both groups after 2 weeks of pickup and 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. Comparison between the study groups was done using Mann–Whitney U test for independent samples. Two-sided P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The mean masticatory scores improved for both attachments, with no statistically significant difference between them throughout the 24-month follow-up. The CM-LOC attachment group showed a greater improvement change in masticatory ability after 6- and 12-month follow-up (−12.47 ± 12.006, −11.46 ± 14.625; P = 0.826 ), while the ball attachment group showed a slight improvement after the 24-month follow-up (−11.72 ± 12.368, −10.88 ± 11.963; P = 0.778 ). Conclusion. Single implant retained mandibular overdenture improved masticatory ability subjectively with no significant difference between both attachments used although the ball attachment showed better masticatory ability scores after 24-month follow-up.
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- 2021
37. Moral injury and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
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Eva Alisic, Cassandra McEwen, and Laura Jobson
- Subjects
Betrayal ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,PsycINFO ,Research needs ,Mental health ,humanities ,Meta-analysis ,Independent samples ,Emergency Medicine ,Moral injury ,Methodological quality ,Psychology ,health care economics and organizations ,General Nursing ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Certain events, termed potentially morally injurious events, can transgress an individual’s existing moral framework and elicit morally injurious outcomes, which, in turn, can be associated with negative mental health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis (Prospero ID-CRD42018104621) aimed to examine the relationship between moral injury outcomes and mental health. Fifty-nine articles, representing 50 independent samples, were reviewed, including for methodological quality. We found statistically significant relationships between all moral injury outcomes and mental health, with predominately moderate–large effect sizes observed. Relationships were typically stronger if studies measured moral injury outcomes only, compared with studies that included measurement of both exposure and outcomes. The Moral Injury subscales (Self, Others, and Betrayal) were also significantly related to poorer mental health. Overall, the meta-analytic results support reliable associations between moral injury outcomes and poorer mental health. Future research needs to diversify into nonmilitary populations, consider measurement tool selection, and strive for greater consensus regarding theoretical frameworks to direct this emerging research area. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
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- 2021
38. College Students Sport Orientation After Following Basketball Sport Education
- Author
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Riki Ramadhan and Fauzan Effendy
- Subjects
Basketball ,LC8-6691 ,sport orientation ,college students ,Control group design ,Special aspects of education ,Recreation. Leisure ,Orientation (mental) ,Independent samples ,Mathematics education ,Tournament ,Psychology ,sport education ,basketball ,GV1-1860 ,Research method ,Research data - Abstract
This study aims to examine the difference in the influence between SE teaching and conventional teaching on student sports orientation using basketball. The research method in this study uses experiment with the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The participants were 48 students of the PJKR study program at STKIP Nahdlatul Ulama Indramayu. The research instrument uses Sport Orientation Questionnaire for students majoring in sports. The research data were analyzed using independent samples t-test. The results of the study concluded that there were differences in the influence between SE teaching and conventional teaching on student sports orientation using basketball. In order to carry out further research using other sports besides basketball and to conduct further investigations at the end of season tournament using SE.
- Published
- 2021
39. Perceived Importance and Enjoyment of Sexuality in Late Midlife
- Author
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Dorly J. H. Deeg, Martijn Huisman, Denis Gerstorf, Karolina Kolodziejczak, Johanna Drewelies, Sociology, The Social Context of Aging (SoCA), Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Aging & Later Life, and APH - Societal Participation & Health
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Old age ,050109 social psychology ,Human sexuality ,Cohort differences ,050105 experimental psychology ,Gender Studies ,Perception ,Independent samples ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,education ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,300 Sozialwissenschaften ,05 social sciences ,Middle age ,Sex life ,Cohort ,ddc:300 ,Historical change ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,Sexuality ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction Age-related declines in multiple facets of sexuality in later life are well documented. However, most studies have been cross-sectional with data collected at one point in time, leaving questions about cohort differences and interrelated historical changes in physical health and psychosocial functioning unanswered. Methods We examined cohort differences in perceived importance and enjoyment of sexuality in late midlife using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) obtained 20 years apart, 1992–1993 (N = 718) and 2012–2013 (N = 860), from two independent samples aged 55 to 65 years (both samples: Mage ≈ 60, 52–53% women). Results Later-born adults in late midlife reported attributing slightly higher importance to sexuality than their earlier-born peers and experiencing their sex life as slightly less pleasant. Effect sizes were small at the sample level (d d = .56). When controlling for socio-demographic, physical health, and psychosocial factors, cohort differences in perceived importance of sexuality remained significant, but those for enjoyment did not. Conclusions Late-midlife sexuality undergoes historical changes. Specifically, reported perceived importance of sexuality has increased over historical time, especially in particular population segments. Policy implications We discuss whether our findings represent historical changes in actual behavior, perception, or the willingness to report on one’s sex life.
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- 2021
40. Reducción del estigma, la depresión y la ansiedad en personas con VIH mediante un grupo terapéutico cognitivo conductual
- Author
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José Antonio Carrobles, Daniel Biel, and María Antón
- Subjects
Test battery ,Clinical Psychology ,Internalized stigma ,Independent samples ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,medicine ,Trait anxiety ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Group intervention ,medicine.disease_cause ,Psychology ,Humanities ,After treatment - Abstract
espanolUn grupo de personas con VIH participaron en una intervencion grupal, de base cognitivo conductual de 48 horas, dividida en cuatro talleres, uno cada mes (26 iniciaron el programa y 18 lo terminaron y contestaron en el seguimiento cuatro meses despues). Tras el tratamiento se consiguieron mejorias significativas en estigma declarado, estigma interiorizado, depresion y ansiedad estado. Todas estas mejorias se mantuvieron en la medicion de seguimiento cuatro meses despues, mejorando en esta ultima medida tambien la ansiedad rasgo. Se compararon sus resultados con un grupo de control de personas con VIH (24 contestaron a la primera bateria de test y 16 a la ultima). Se evaluo la evolucion de este grupo, asi como las diferencias entre ambos grupos para cada momento: preintervencion, posintervencion y seguimiento. Las comparaciones intragrupales e intergrupos se evaluaron con las pruebas t de Student para muestras relacionadas y para muestras independientes respectivamente. Ademas, se calculo el tamano de efecto para cada comparacion. Los resultados avalan la eficacia de la intervencion grupal presentada EnglishA number of people with HIV participated in a 48-hour cognitive behavioral group intervention, divided into four monthly workshops. Twenty-six participants started the program and 18 completed it and responded at the four-month followup. After treatment, significant improvement was achieved in declared stigma, internalized stigma, depression and state anxiety. All these improvements were maintained at the follow-up measurement four months later, with trait anxiety also improving in this last measure. Participants’ results were compared with an HIV control group. Twenty-four respondents completed the first test battery and 16 completed the last. The evolution of this group was assessed, as well as the differences between both groups at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up. Intragroup and inter-group comparisons were examined with the Student t-tests for related samples and for independent samples respectively. In addition, the effect size was calculated for each comparison. The results support the efficacy of the group intervention presented.
- Published
- 2021
41. The Influence of Different Genres of Music on the Performance of Medical Students on Standardized Laparoscopic Exercises
- Author
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Natalie Orthmann, Philipp Grozinger, Markus Wallwiener, Joachim Rom, André Hennigs, Nathalie Rippinger, Christoph Domschke, Fabian Riedel, Lisa Katharina Nees, and Christof Sohn
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Students, Medical ,030230 surgery ,Audiology ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Independent samples ,medicine ,Humans ,University medical ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Exercise ,Beneficial effects ,Training performance ,Decibel ,Surgical procedures ,humanities ,Classical music ,Female ,Laparoscopy ,Surgery ,Psychology ,Music - Abstract
Whether and how music influences the performance of surgical procedures such as laparoscopy is unclear and can be feasibly determined using laparoscopic box training tools under standardized conditions. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the effect of different genres of music on the performance of laparoscopic novices.Between May 2018 and December 2018, n = 82 students (38 male, 44 female) from Heidelberg University Medical School performed 3 different laparoscopic exercises (A, B, C) from the "Luebecker Toolbox" with 2 repetitions each under standardized conditions. Time was recorded for each exercise. The students were assigned either to one of four groups, each of which was exposed to a compilation of music from 1 genre (hip hop, classical, rock, or mixed radio music), or to a fifth, control group, without exposure to music. The music was played at a constant sound pressure level of 70 decibels . Each group was compared with the others using a t-test for independent samples.Exposure to music generally led to better performance compared with the control group. Compared with exposure to mixed radio music or to rock, significantly better performance could be demonstrated for exposure to classical music in Exercise B, with an average exposure time of 127 s needed (± 21.4; p0.05). No significant differences could be demonstrated for Exercise A, though for classical music, best performance was possible with 120 s (±17.3) of exposure. In Exercise C, hip hop triggered significantly better performance than rock or radio music (p0.05).At an sound pressure level of 70 decibels, exposure to classical music or hip hop appears to have beneficial effects on training performance for surgical novices under standardized conditions.
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- 2021
42. A Taxonomy of Employee Motives for Telework
- Author
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Jaime B. Henning, Allison L. Alexander, Vanessa A. Gaskins, Rebecca J. Thompson, and Stephanie C. Payne
- Subjects
Research literature ,Salience (language) ,Qualitative data ,Qualitative property ,Telecommute ,Reasons ,Social force ,Motives ,Taxonomy (general) ,Independent samples ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Industrial and organizational psychology ,Original Research Article ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,General Environmental Science ,Qualitative research ,Telework - Abstract
This qualitative research contributes to the telework research literature by identifying and categorizing employee motives for teleworking. Motives for telework contextualize teleworking behavior, represent proximal telework outcomes, and serve as potential boundary conditions for telework-outcome relationships. Role identity theory (Burke & Tully Social Forces, 55(4), 881-897, 1977) and the uncertainty-reduction hypothesis (Hogg & Terry Academy of Management Review, 25, 121-140, 2000) suggest that motives may be driven by role salience and the ability to meet work and nonwork demands. In this research, we sought to identify a comprehensive list of motives as well as reconcile the wide range of categories and labels given to telework motives in the literature. We asked two independent samples of workers comprised of two subsamples of teleworkers (n1 = 195; n2 = 97) and a subsample of nonteleworkers (n3 = 947) why they telework or would like to telework. A total of 2504 reasons were gathered across the three subsamples. Most respondents reported multiple reasons, especially when encouraged to list all of their reasons. After distinguishing preconditions from motives to telework, ten categories emerged from the qualitative data with “avoid commute” emerging as the most frequently reported motive. Other frequently reported motives included “tend to family demands” and “productivity.” Additional motives are discussed along with implications for telework research and policy development and implementation.
- Published
- 2021
43. Etik tüketimin hedonik tüketim ve kompulsif satın alma davranışı üzerindeki etkisinin PLS-SEM ile incelenmesi
- Author
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İbrahim Yemez
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Compulsive buying ,education ,Independent samples ,Validity ,Marital status ,Ethical consumption ,Psychology ,Path analysis (statistics) ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Demography - Abstract
In this study, the effect of ethical consumption on hedonic consumption and compulsive buying behavior was tried to be revealed. For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 564 people over the age of 18 by online sampling method on 25-28 December 2020. It was revealed that the data were firstly distributed normally. In the second stage, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed with PLS-SEM and the validity and reliability of the scale were proven. Then, the model was tested with Path Analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that Ethical Consumption positively affects Hedonic Consumption by approximately 13%; It was also observed that Hedonic Consumption had a positive effect on Compulsive Buying Behavior by about 69%, but Ethical Consumption had no significant effect on Compulsive Buying Behavior. In addition, it was seen that the model showed good fit according to the model fit scores. In the last stage, the Independent Samples T-Test and One-Way F-test were used to compare the factors according to the participants' gender, marital status, age, education, income, occupation and geographic region. It was observed that the factors differed significantly according to some variables.
- Published
- 2021
44. Does prior experience matter? A meta-analysis of the relationship between prior experience of entrepreneurs and firm performance
- Author
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Franz W. Kellermanns, Yan Ling, and Kangle Jiao
- Subjects
Microeconomics ,Entrepreneurship ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Strategy and Management ,Meta-analysis ,Independent samples ,Human capital theory ,Psychology ,General Business, Management and Accounting - Abstract
Drawing on human capital theory and the knowledge-based view, our meta-analysis integrates the results from 85 independent samples spanning 2009–2020 (572,888 total observations). Our findings prov...
- Published
- 2021
45. The Effect of Nature Education Activities on Biophilia Levels of Science Teacher Candidates
- Author
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Esra Özay Köse and Abdurrahman Sefali
- Subjects
Academic year ,Scrutiny ,Scale (social sciences) ,Science ,Independent samples ,Mathematics education ,Public research ,Theory and practice of education ,Biophilia hypothesis ,Science education ,LB5-3640 - Abstract
As a result of increasing the level of interest in living and living systems (biophilia), it will be possible to educate more protectionist individuals against nature and the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nature education activities on biophilia levels of science teacher candidates. This research was conducted at public research university in Bayburt, Turkey, in the Department of Science Education during the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. The activities were done in an integrated manner to the Environmental Science course. The study group included a total of 62 science teacher candidates. These students were distributed equally to the experiment and control group. The study was used a quasi-experimental method with a group of experiments and control. In the study, the Biophilia Scale was applied as a data collection tool. Independent samples t-tests and dependent samples t-tests were used for analyzing the data. As a result of the analysis, the findings indicated that nature education and in-class activities positively affected teacher candidates' biophilia levels. The findings also indicated that the knowledge and experience they gained due to students' scrutiny, touching, smelling, and even tasting the species at in-class and nature activities affected their biophilia levels.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Uma comparação entre autoconfiança e inteligência cultural da educação física e candidatos a professores da educação em ciência e literatura
- Author
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Hakan Akdeniz and Neslişah Aktaş Üstün
- Subjects
Autoconfiança ,LC8-6691 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Inteligência ,Inteligência cultural ,Metacognition ,Education (General) ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Special aspects of education ,Physical education ,Test (assessment) ,Self-confidence ,Cultural intelligence ,Pedagogy ,Independent samples ,L7-991 ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar mutuamente a autoconfiança e a inteligência cultural de candidatos a professores de educação física e de ciências e literatura. O modelo de estudo transversal quantitativo foi usado no estudo e 320 candidatos a professores participaram voluntariamente. Os participantes foram escolhidos de acordo com o método de amostragem conveniente. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados a escala de autoconfiança (AKIN, 2007) e o inventário de inteligência cultural (İLHAN; ÇETIN, 2014). Nas análises das amostras independentes de dados foi utilizado o teste t e o controle de correlação parcial para a variável docente. Como resultado, o presente artigo mostrou que os candidatos a professores de educação física tinham maior autoconfiança e inteligência cultural metacognitiva do que os candidatos a professores de literatura. Por outro lado, os candidatos a professores de ciências e literatura apresentaram níveis mais elevados de inteligência cultural cognitiva e comportamental do que os candidatos a professores de educação física. Autoconfiança e inteligência cultural se correlacionaram.
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- 2021
47. The Effect of WeChat-Based Online Instruction on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Knowledge
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Jessica Paola Palacios Garay, Hazhari Ismail, Hibana, Doris Fuster-Guillén, Ludmila A. Sundeeva, Le Thi Ngoc Diep, Albina Bilyalova, Oriana Rivera-Lozada, Ehsan Namaziandost, and Arash Hashemifardnia
- Subjects
050101 languages & linguistics ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Vocabulary ,Article Subject ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Online instruction ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Significant difference ,050301 education ,Education (General) ,Education ,Test (assessment) ,Paired samples ,Independent samples ,Mathematics education ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,L7-991 ,Psychology ,0503 education ,media_common - Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of online instruction through different mobile applications has become more common in education all over the world. Therefore, this research investigated the potential effects of using WeChat-based online instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge. To achieve this objective, 44 Iranian intermediate subjects were picked out among 67 students based on the findings of the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT). The subjects were then randomly divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. After assigning the subjects to two groups, they were pretested by a vocabulary test. Then, the experimental group received vocabulary instruction using WeChat application, while the control group received a conventional vocabulary instruction. After the instruction, a vocabulary posttest was given to both groups to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. The gathered data were analyzed through independent samples t-test, one-way ANCOVA, and paired samples t-test. The outcomes attained in this research demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the posttests of both groups in favor of the experimental group. Eventually, the conclusions and the pedagogical implications of this study were explicated.
- Published
- 2021
48. Metro Water Fraudulent Prediction in Houses Using Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network
- Author
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Dr.K. Thinakaran and D. Sreekanth
- Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Computer Science::Neural and Evolutionary Computation ,Significant difference ,Comparison results ,Pattern recognition ,Convolutional neural network ,Recurrent neural network ,Iterated function ,Sample size determination ,Independent samples ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
Aim: The main aim of the study is to predict metro water fraud accurately by Recurrent Neural Network Algorithms and compare the prediction accuracy with Convolutional Neural Network. Materials and Methods: In the existing system Convolutional Neural Network algorithm is used and in the proposed system Recurrent Neural Network algorithm is used. CNN with sample size =20 and RNN with sample size =20 was iterated forty times for predicting the accuracy. The algorithms have been implemented and tested over a dataset which consists of 8002 records. Result: After performing the experiment we get mean accuracy of 94.5210 by using Recurrent Neural Network algorithm and we get accuracy of 93.4950 by using Convolutional Neural Network algorithm for metro water fraudulent prediction. There is a statistical significant difference in accuracy for two algorithms is p
- Published
- 2021
49. The physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems among employees before and during the COVID-19 epidemic
- Author
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Maja Rožman and Polona Tominc
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Test (assessment) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health problems ,0302 clinical medicine ,Originality ,0502 economics and business ,Industrial relations ,Independent samples ,Psychology ,050203 business & management ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Working environment ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Abstract
PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has caused stress for everyone and impacted the lives of people globally. Such stress increases troubles for the employees. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to identify symptoms of health problems that employees face during the COVID-19 epidemic. Also, the aim of the paper is to examine if there are statistically significant differences in the physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems among employees before the COVID-19 epidemic and employees during the COVID-19 epidemic.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a survey of 950 employees in Slovenian companies. The factor analysis and the t-test for two independent samples were used to test the hypotheses of the research.FindingsThe results show that physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems of employees during the COVID-19 epidemic are intensified as compared to the before COVID-19 epidemic era.Originality/valueThe results highlight the measures with which companies can reduce the problem of different symptoms of employees during the COVID-19 epidemic. The results can be useful for employers and for managers who want to create an adequate working environment for employees during the COVID-19 epidemic.
- Published
- 2021
50. The Relationship between Learners’ Motivation, Gender and Completion of MOOCs in Saudi Arabia
- Author
-
Farraj Ali Alshehri
- Subjects
Independent samples ,Linear regression ,Educational technology ,Mathematics education ,Positive relationship ,Statistical analysis ,Survey research ,Logistic regression ,Psychology ,Dropout (neural networks) - Abstract
This study examined the relationship among learners’ motivation, gender, and completion of MOOCs in Saudi Arabia. Keller’s ARCS motivation model was used as the theoretical framework. In this non-experimental survey study, 238 Saudi learners of MOOCs completed the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). Chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests, multiple regression, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The findings showed a low dropout rate and a significant relationship between gender and motivation in MOOCs. Also, females indicated higher motivation levels than males. In addition, there was a positive relationship between learners’ motivation and completion of MOOCs.
- Published
- 2021
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