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Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Os potenciais riscos associados à exposição às microcistinas (MCs) requerem o desenvolvimento de pesquisas voltadas para métodos de análise visando ao monitoramento eficiente e rápido de águas. O trabalho avaliou a aplicação dos imunoensaios ELISA desenvolvido em laboratório (LABicELISA) e o comercial (kit ELISA) para detecção de MCs em águas (n=22). O LABicELISA demonstrou ser mais sensível que o kit ELISA, apresentando limite de quantificação de 0,05 e 0,12 µg.L-1, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstraram que ambos os imunoensaios foram eficientes para detecção e análise de MCs em diferentes tipos de água (sintéticas, de mananciais destinados ao abastecimento e de reservatórios), com coeficiente de correlação de 0,997 e forte correlação na exatidão e precisão. O emprego do LABicELISA proporcionou análise com custo aproximado e reduzido de 100 vezes em relação ao do kit ELISA, podendo assim, aplicar em larga escala de abrangência para monitoramento de mananciais superficiais no país.

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The results of identifying tularemia foci using the predatory bird pellets in the central part of Russia using the example of the Republic of Mordovia are presented. The efficacy of tularemia detection in pellets compared with other biomaterials has been shown. The average content of the tularemia microbe antigen from the predatory bird pellets was 9,4%. The greatest number of registrations of the causative agent of tularemia in the pellets was observed in Eagle Owl (29,2%). To a lesser extent, the pathogen was detected in the Ural Owl (14,7%). The tularemia pathogen was detected more often in the bird predator pellets than in the biomaterial from rodents. The largest share of positive samples was recorded in the riverine districts. The dynamics of identifying the causative agent of tularemia should be noted in 2015, 2017 and 2018, which are characterized by high values of the indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ao longo dos últimos 35 anos, grandes progressos foram alcançados em termos de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de infeção VIH, com redução da incidência de infeção em Portugal, na última década. Ainda assim, continua a existir uma taxa elevada de doentes com diagnóstico tardio, com consequências individuais e populacionais. Este artigo tem como objetivos: apresentar um ponto de situação da infeção VIH em Portugal, rever brevemente a evolução natural da infeção e explicitar o mais recente algoritmo de diagnóstico de infeção VIH, revisto em 2014, reforçando a necessidade de manter um elevado nível de suspeição clínica para o diagnóstico precoce de infeção.

In the last 35 years, major progresses have been accomplished in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection, with reduction of the incidence of infection in Portugal, in the last decade. Nevertheless, there is still a high rate of late diagnosis, with individual and populational adverse outcomes. This paper aims to: present the current situation of HIV infection in Portugal, briefly review the natural course of HIV infection and exhibit the most recent HIV laboratory diagnostic testing algorithm, reviewed in 2014, strengthening the need of maintaining a high grade of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. Niremberg (=F. moniliforme Sheldon) is a primary corn pathogen and the main fumonisin producer. This fungus can cause significant economical losses for the farmers, grain processors, animal producers and risk for human and animal health. Several methods for mould detection have been used, however most of these are time-consuming and require trained staff. Otherwise, immunoassays (particularly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or ELISA) provide several advantages and potential for use in rapid quality control. In this work exoantigens from eight F. verticillioides isolates were obtained for further production of polyclonal antibodies. The electrophoretic profile of these antigens showed protein bands with molecular mass ranging from 17 to 170 kDa. The antigens from 3 isolates (97K, 113F and 162A) were selected for polyclonal antibodies production, based on protein concentration and number of bands. Antiserum against F. verticillioides 97K exoantigens, which showed the highest titre in indirect ELISA (1:12.800), has potential for the immunodetection of F. verticillioides.Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. Niremberg (=F. moniliforme Sheldon) é um patógeno primário de milho e principal produtor de fumonisinas. Este fungo pode causar perdas econômicas significativas para produtores e processadores de grãos, criadores de animais, além de representar sérios riscos à saúde humana e animal. Diversos métodos para a detecção de fungos têm sido utilizados, porém a maioria demanda tempo e pessoal treinado. Por outro lado, os métodos imunológicos, particularmente os ensaios imunoenzimáticos, apresentam diversas vantagens para o emprego rápido em controle de qualidade. Neste trabalho, foram obtidos exoantígenos de 8 isolados de F. verticillioides para a produção de anticorpos policlonais. O perfil eletroforético dos antígenos apresentou bandas com massas moleculares aparentes variando entre 17 e 170 kDa. Os antígenos de 3 isolados (97K, 113F e 162A), tendo como base a concentração de proteínas e número de bandas, foram escolhidos para a produção de anticorpos policlonais. O soro imune anti-97K, com maior título no ELISA indireto (1:12.800), apresenta potencial para a imunodetecção de Fusarium verticillioides.

Sex steroids are produced and synthesized from cholesterol in the gonads, placenta, and adrenal. They give rise to sexual characters and has effects on the male and female genitals. These being respectively estrogen and progesterone in women and testosterone in men. The dosage of these hormones is made by laboratory methods, such as immunoassay techniques, with the main purpose of this review if the blood levels are in the normal range. But some scholars argue that this serum sex steroids is not effective. For the construction of this literature review, research was based on databases PudMed, BVSalud and Scielo in order to analyze the discussions from the point of view of various authors on serum sex steroids, in order to emphasize our inquiries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Enzootic bovine leucosis is a chronic disease that causes economic losses to cattle. The detection of infected animals is an important step to control the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the virus in the Alto Uruguai Catarinense (Brazil) region and in parallel develop an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) able to discriminate serologically positive and negative animals for bovine leukemia virus (BLV). For ELISA standardization, antigen and serum controls block titrations were performed. Then, 289 bovine serum samples collected from 42 dairy herds were analyzed. The results obtained were compared with Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID). The comparative analysis concluded that the developed ELISA showed a satisfactory performance and was able to discriminate between infected and uninfected animals. Although the sensitivity (80.2%) and specificity (71.2%) of the test showed lower values than those found in previous studies using commercial kits or in-house assays, the ELISA developed can be associated with IDGA as a screening test, in order to reduce the number of false negatives. The prevalence of antibodies against BLV found was 31% for AGID and 45% for ELISA. From 42 properties, 47.6% had at least one positive animal in the ELISA. These results indicate that bovine leukosis is widespread in dairy herds of the region analyzed. Therefore, the test developed could be used as an initial screening tool, thus contributing to the serological monitoring of the herd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classificado no gênero Morbillivirus da família Paramixoviridae, o vírus da cinomose possui RNA de fita simples de polaridade negativa, é causador de doença multissistêmica, altamente contagiosa e grave dos cães e carnívoros selvagens, e com elevado índice de mortalidade em animais não vacinados ou com falhas vacinais. Com o objetivo de avaliar as alterações histopatológicas no coração, particularmente na região do miocárdio ventricular esquerdo, de cães naturalmente infectados com o vírus da cinomose, foram estudados 35 animais, de ambos os sexos e com idades variadas. Das 35 amostras enviadas ao Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva do Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, 100% (35/35) mostrou-se soropositivas para a cinomose (técnica de imunoensaio em fase sólida) e tiveram no miocárdio ventricular esquerdo as seguintes alterações histopatológicas: miocardite, degeneração hialina, hiperemia e hemorragia, com 42,8% (15/35), 31,4% (11/35), 14,3% (5/35) e 11,4% (4/35), respectivamente. Tendo utilizado o teste Qui-Quadrado com nível de significância de 0,05, conclui-se que existe alta correlação (p=0,02) entre os animais infectados com o vírus da cinomose e as alterações histopatológicas observadas no miocárdio ventricular esquerdo.Classified pertaining to the genus Morbillivirus of the Paramyxoviridae family, the canine distemper virus is a RNA single-stranded virus with negative polarity and causes a multisystemic disease, serious and highly contagious for dogs and wild carnivores, with a high mortality rate in non-vaccinated animals or with vaccine fails. With the objective to evaluate heart histopathological alterations, particularly in the left ventricular myocardium, in dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus, 35 dogs, males and females of different ages, were studied. All the 35 samples sent to the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba were serum-positive for distemper (immunoassay technique in solid phase) and had in the left ventricular myocardium the following histopathologic alterations: myocarditis, hyalin degeneration, hyperemia and hemorrhage, in 42.8% (15/35), 31.4% (11/35), 14.3% (5/35) and 11.4% (4/35), respectively. Having carried out the Qui-Quadrado test with a significancy level of 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a high correlation (p=0.02) between the infected animals with canine distemper virus and histopathological alterations found in the left ventricular myocardium.

Vários autores enfatizaram a importância do monitoramento do ciclo estral em cadelas e citaram exemplos de como realizar tal procedimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a técnica de dosagem de progesterona salivar em cadelas para identificar a ovulação nesta espécie. Para composição do grupo experimental, foram utilizadas 13 cadelas, de diferentes raças (sem raça definida, Buldogue Inglês, Bernesse Mountain Dog) e diferentes idades (11 meses a 9 anos).Amostras de sangue e saliva foram colhidas simultaneamente em todos os animais, a partir dos primeiros sinais clínicos de proestro. Amostras salivares foram obtidas com o uso de dispositivo comercial específico (Salivette®). Este método foi eficaz, visto ter tornado possível obter volume suficiente para dosagem de progesterona na grande maioria das amostras(100 μL para dosagens em duplicata). As concentrações de progesterona no soro foram determinadas pela técnica de radioimunoensaio e na saliva por enzimaimunoensaio, ambas com kits comerciais. Observou-se uma relação linear crescente e positiva entre a progesterona sérica e salivar (r=0,704; p

Abstract Background: Current guidelines recommend assessment of 25-vitamin D status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although significant differences among assays have been described, the impact of CKD on this variability has never been tested. Methods: We tested the variability between two 25-vitamin D assays in patients with CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2) who had consecutive 25-vitamin D measurements in 2015 (Assay 1 - Diasorin LIASON 25 TOTAL - D assay®) and 2016 (Assay 2 - Beckman Coulter Unicel Xl 800®). The cohort consisted of 791 adult patients (122 with normal renal function and 669 with CKD - 33, 30, and 37% in stages 3, 4, and 5 on dialysis, respectively). Results: Levels of 25-vitamin D were lower and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D using assay 1 was higher than using assay 2 in patients with CKD, regardless of similar levels of calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone. As kidney function decreased, the percentage of disagreement between the assays increased. Conclusion: There is a noteworthy variability between assays in patients with CKD such that the diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D is modified. The mechanism behind this result is still unclear and might be due to a possible interference in the analytical process. However, the clinical significance is unquestionable, as the supplementation of vitamin D can be erroneously prescribed to these patients.