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Les tumeurs intrarachidiennes sont peu fréquentes. Leur diagnostic positif est basé sur l´imagerie médicale surtout l´IRM. L´anatomopathologie apporte la certitude du diagnostic. La chirurgie est le traitement de choix pour la plupart d´entre elles. Le pronostic est fonction de la nature histologique et de l´état clinique initial du patient. Nous rapportons le profil histologique et l´évolution des tumeurs intra rachidiennes opérées dans notre service. Il s´agissait d´une étude rétrospective sur une période 10 ans. Ont été inclus les cas opérés confirmés à l´histologie (23 cas). Quatre dossiers non exploitables ont été exclus. Les patients ont consulté en moyenne 79 jours après les premiers symptômes pour un syndrome de compression médullaire lente dans 11 cas. Sept TDM et 14 IRM permettaient d´objectiver 4 tumeurs intramédullaires, 9 intradurales, 1 extra durale et 5 localisations non précises. L´histologie concluait à un méningiome dans 11 cas, un neurinome dans 3 cas. Elle a conclu au même diagnostic que l´imagerie médicale dans 7 cas (4 TDM et 3 IRM). L´exérèse était macroscopiquement complète dans 14 cas, partielle dans 5 cas. Après un recul de 6 mois, 6 patients avaient récupéré totalement, 9 partiellement. Le diagnostic était tardif. L´IRM décrivait mieux la lésion, mais était limitée dans l´approche histologique. Les méningiomes dominaient. L´exérèse était le plus souvent complète. Les suites opératoires étaient favorables.

Pancoast syndrome remains a rare presentation of pulmonary diseases. Even in endemic area of echinococcosis, lung's hydatid cyst is seldomly revealed by this syndrome. We report a case of a 38 year old male patient who presented to our department with neck and left superior limb pain associated with palmar muscle atrophy and Horner's syndrome. Radiological investigations suggested the diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the left lung apex which was confirmed by surgical excision and pathological examination of the lesion. This case highlights an uncommon etiology of Pancoast syndrome which might mislead physicians in their practice.

Agricultural development through settlement schemes on desert lands has always raised acute debates, especially over environmental issues due to cultivation based on intensive additions of water and fertilizers. However, nutrient cycling approaches at the farm level are generally based on apparent N flows, i.e., purchased inputs and sold products, without considering nutrient flows driven by mobile herds crossing the arable lands of sedentary farmers. Through a territory level approach, the present study aimed to assess the contribution of mobile pastoral herds located in the newly reclaimed land on the western desert edge of the Nile Delta on the supply of the manure for local sedentary farms. Based on a survey of 175 farmers, we calculated the partial farm nitrogen balances. Supplemental interviews were conducted with the pastoral community to assess the additional manure coming from grazing practices in the research area. The results show that the sedentary mixed crop-livestock systems based on the planting of Trifolium alexandrinum and a manure supply make a useful contribution toward converting poor, marginal soil into fertile soil. Moreover, grazing of crop residue by pastoral herds on the reclaimed land contributes to social sustainability by maintaining social links between the first occupants, the Bedouins, and the new settlers. Grazing accounts for 9% to 34% of farm-level N input and 25% to 64% of farm-level N output depending on the village and the cropping system. This contribution calls for different rural policies that consider the complementarity between pastoral herders and sedentary farmers that supports both systems' social and environmental sustainability.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in the developed world and is associated with important comorbidities. Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors play a key role in the metabolism of human fat. A series of novel epoxyketones peptide derivatives were investigated for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. The epoxyketone moiety is a well-known reactive electrophile group that has been used as part of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy, and it is widely believed that these are very selective for targeting the proteasome active site. Here we investigated various peptide derivatives with an epoxide warhead for their anti-lipase activity. The assessment of these novel epoxyketones was performed by an in-house method that we developed for rapid screening and identification of lipase inhibitors using GC-FID. Herein, we present a novel anti-lipase pharmacophore based on epoxyketone peptide derivatives that showed potent anti-lipase activity. Many of these derivatives had comparable or more potent activity than the clinically used lipase inhibitors such as orlistat. In addition, the lipase appears to be inhibited by a wide range of epoxyketone analogues regardless of the configuration of the epoxide in the epoxyketone moiety. The presented data in this study shows the first example of the use of epoxyketone peptides as novel lipase inhibitors.