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Abstract More than 10% of women diagnosed with breast cancer during reproductive age carry hereditary germline pathogenic variants in high-penetrance BRCA genes or in others genes involved in DNA repair mechanisms such as PALB2, BRIP or ATM. Anticancer treatments may have an additional negative impact on the ovarian reserve and subsequently on the fertility of young patients carrying such mutations. Recently, the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is being recommended to these BRCA-mutated patients as neoadjuvant therapy. However, the impact on the ovary is unknown. Here, we investigated their effect of on the ovarian reserve using mice carriers of BRCA1-interacting protein C-terminal helicase-1 (BRIP1) mutation that plays an important role in BRCA1-dependent DNA repair. Results revealed that the administration of carboplatin or paclitaxel did not affect the ovarian reserve although increased DNA double-strand breaks were observed with carboplatin alone. Co-administration of carboplatin and paclitaxel resulted in a significant reduction of the ovarian reserve leading to a lower IVF performance, and an activation of the PI3K-Pten pathway, irrespective of the genetic background. This study suggests that co-administration of carboplatin and paclitaxel induces cumulative ovarian damage and infertility but a heterozygote genetic predisposition for DNA damage related to BRCA1 gene function does not increase this risk.

Abstract Background Sperm quality at cancer diagnosis is often compromised by the disease and any given gonadotoxic treatment will further diminish fertility. Objectives Here, we aim to analyze the cryopreserved sperm quality according to the cancer types as well as the fertility outcomes. Methods Our study included all cancer patients who cryopreserved sperm over 20 years at Erasme Hospital Brussels (from 1999 to 2019). First sperm samples from 111 hematologic, 104 testicular, 19 prostate, 28 gastrointestinal, and 16 neurological cancer patients were compared. Results Oligozoo‐asthenozoospermia was observed in 30% of the samples, including 19.33% with severe oligozoospermia (

УДК 342.6The subject. Competence of government bodies and their officials in the sphere of application of the tax law is considered in the article.The purpose of research is to determine the ratio of tax enforcement and application of the tax law, as well as the relationship between the concepts “party of tax enforcement” and “participant of tax legal relations”.Main results and scope of their application. The circle of participants of tax legal relations is broader than the circle of parties of tax law enforcement. The participants of tax legal relations are simultaneously the subjects of tax law, because they realize their tax status when enter into the tax relationships. The tax and customs authorities are the undoubted parties of the tax law enforcement.Although the financial authorities at all levels of government are not mentioned by article 9 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as participants of tax relations, they are parties of tax enforcement, because they make the agreement for deferment or installment payment of regional and local taxes.Scope of application. Clarification of participants of tax legal relations and determination of their mutual responsibility is essential to effective law enforcement.Conclusion. It was concluded that the scope tax law enforcement is tax proceedings, not administrative proceedings, civil (arbitration) proceedings or enforcement proceedings.The application of the tax law is carried out not only in the form of tax relations, but also in relations of other branches of law.

In the last decade, fertility preservation has risen as a major field of interest, creating new interactions between oncologists and gynecologists. Various options, such as cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, have been developed and are currently routinely proposed in many centers. However, many of the options remain experimental and should be offered to patients only after adequate counseling. This paper addresses the efficiency and the potential of the different fertility preservation approaches.

Introduction. Respiratory cancer and its treatment are known to contribute to muscle weakness and functional impairment. Aim. To assess the effects of rehabilitation in patients with respiratory cancer. Methods. Radically treated respiratory cancer patients were included in a 12-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Results. 16 patients (age: 61 ± 7 years; FEV1: 57 ± 16% pred.) showed a reduced exercise tolerance (VO2max: 56 ± 15% pred.; 6 MWD: 67 ± 11% pred.), muscle force (PImax: 54 ± 22% pred.; QF: 67 ± 16% pred.), and quality of life (CRDQd: 17 ± 5 points; CRDQf: 16 ± 5 points). Exercise tolerance, muscle force, and quality of life improved significantly after rehabilitation. Conclusion. Radically treated patients with respiratory cancer have a decreased exercise capacity, muscle force, and quality of life. 12 weeks of rehabilitation leads to a significant improvement in exercise capacity, respiratory muscle force, and quality of life.