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Accurate origin determination of seafood is crucial for consumer trust and safety. This study was performed to develop a machine learning-based single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis technique to determine the origin of Acetes species in salted small-shrimp products. Mitochondrial DNA (COI and 16S rRNA) analysis revealed genetic variations among species and origins. Eight candidate SNPs were identified, six of which were developed into markers for genotyping analysis. Using the developed markers, an SNP array was created and SNP data from salted small-shrimp samples were obtained. Machine learning analysis using a supervised learning algorithm achieved 100% accuracy in classifying the origin of Acetes based on SNP data. This method offers a reliable method for regulatory bodies to combat food fraud and ensure product integrity. The approach can be further improved by expanding the data set to encompass a wider range of species and origins. This study highlights the potential of SNP analysis and machine learning for ensuring seafood authenticity and promoting sustainable practices.

We aimed to develop a multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of the three most consumed commercial loaches in East Asia: Misgurnus mizolepis, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and Paramisgurnus dabryanus. Phylogenetic analysis of genetic divergence and a phylogenetic tree based on the cytochrome oxidase I gene enabled successful genetic identification of the 3 species of loach. Multiplex species-specific PCR (MSS-PCR) primers designed based on single nucleotide polymorphisms were able to differentiate the species and generate PCR products among species that differed in size by at least 150 bp. The lengths of the amplified fragments were 818 bp for P. dabryanus, 669 bp for M. mizolepis, and 486 bp for M. anguillicaudatus, which could be clearly distinguished by gel electrophoresis. The three sets of PCR primers were mixed and applied to simultaneously detect the three loaches. The MSS-PCR markers designed in this study will be useful for the detection and identification of M. mizolepis, M. anguillicaudatus, and P. dabryanus.

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a vital aquaculture species in East Asia. However, few studies that estimate the genetic parameters of this species have been conducted. We estimated the genetic parameters of growth traits and designed an optimum breeding programme for this species. Heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations, and breeding values were estimated for growth traits: body weight (BW), total length (TL), and condition factor (CF). A linear mixed animal model using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) algorithm was applied to the statistical analysis of 9 traits (BW, TL, and CF at 11, 18, and 22 months of age) for a total of 54,159 animals from 7 generations. Increases of 13%, 8%, and 6.5% in BW, TL, and CF at the harvest stage were observed, respectively, after 7 generations of selection. The heritabilities of all growth traits were moderate, ranging from 0.35 to 0.46. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between BW and TL were high and positive in all three stages (0.91 and 0.92, 0.91 and 0.93, and 0.88 and 0.91). The estimated breeding values of BW and TL increased over the generations; however, the estimated breeding value of CF fluctuated. The optimum progeny number within full-sib families for an accuracy of 0.632 is suggested to be between 10 and 25. Findings indicated that a considerable response to selection and single-trait selection based on BW would be effective in olive flounder.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to develop an efficient selectable marker for transgenic Dunaliella salina. Results Tests of the sensitivity of D. salina to the antibiotic chloramphenicol and the herbicide Basta® showed that cells (1.0 × 106 cells/ml) treated with 1000 or 1500 μg/ml chloramphenicol died in 8 or 6 days, respectively, whereas D. salina cells (1.0 × 106 cells/ml) treated with 5, 10, 20, or 40 μg/ml Basta® died in 2 days. Therefore, D. salina is more sensitive to Basta® than to chloramphenicol. To examine the possibility of using the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (pat) gene as a selectable marker gene, we introduced the pat genes into D. salina with particle bombardment system under the condition of helium pressure of 900 psi from a distance of 3 cm. PCR analysis confirmed that the gene was stably inserted into the cells and that the cells survived in 5 μg/ml Basta®, the medium used to select the transformed cells. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the pat gene can be used as an efficient selectable marker when producing transgenic D. salina.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of chain restaurant employees’ perception of abusive supervision on employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction. The sample for the survey was collected from 228 customers and 93 employees in a chain restaurant. The results showed a negative relationship between abusive supervision and employee satisfaction. However, abusive supervision did not have a significant, direct effect on customer satisfaction, but showed an indirect effect via employee satisfaction. In addition, employee satisfaction was positively associated with customer satisfaction.

Complete mitochondrial genomes of two Pleuronectid species, Clidoderma asperrimum and Verasper variegatus (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) were analysed using the primer walking method. Their mitogenomes were 17,632 and 17,273 bp in total length, respectively and comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. Their gene contents and orders were similar to those of typical vertebrates. All Pleuronectid species were subdivided into three clades in the phylogenetic tree, and the two Pleuronectid species analysed in this study formed a strong monophyletic group comprising species belonging to three genera, Hippoglossus, Reinhardtius, and Verasper.